Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.1353/trn.2022.a905641
S. Meny-Gibert
ABSTRACT:Whilst most post-apartheid public schools in South Africa remain significantly underfunded, the education budget nevertheless provides a significant injection of jobs and public spending into the provinces–into rural provinces with small economies especially. Based on research in the Eastern Cape and Gauteng provinces, I show how a particular form of clientelist politics has taken root in the post-apartheid school education system–one locally organised around ‘promotional’ posts in schools, and disconnected from a clear state, party, or other organisational ‘centre’. Groups of locally organised unionists operate to secure preferential access to these posts, sometimes through the use or threat of violence, sometimes through collusion with district education officials, or with community members who might benefit from access to meagre school budgets. Attempts by residents to secure livelihood strategies in the context of poverty intersect with local strategies of upward mobility on the part of ordinary teachers, and in turn connect loosely, via patterns of ‘mutual accommodation’ with strategies of elite accumulation amongst senior politicians, administrators, and union leaders. In the case of the education sectors in the Eastern Cape and Gauteng provinces at least, on which this article focuses, this constitutes a fragmented yet interlocking system of unstable governance. In this sense, I suggest that there is much in the dynamics of education governance that offers insight into wider patterns of state-society relations around the local state in South Africa.
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Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.1353/trn.2022.a905646
Tess N. Peacock
{"title":"Water and the Politics of Rural Service Provision","authors":"Tess N. Peacock","doi":"10.1353/trn.2022.a905646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/trn.2022.a905646","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45045,"journal":{"name":"Transformation-Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77061554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.1353/trn.2022.a905648
C. Sandwith
{"title":"29 Leads To Love: New and Selected Poems by Salimah Valiani (review)","authors":"C. Sandwith","doi":"10.1353/trn.2022.a905648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/trn.2022.a905648","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45045,"journal":{"name":"Transformation-Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90391143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.1353/trn.2022.a905638
Tim Gibbs, L. Phillips, William Beinart, Sinegugu Zukhulu
In recent years, a new stream of research on the crisis of the state in South Africa has emerged, as revenues have faltered and ageing infrastructure cracked. Inevitably, the core of the South African economy attracts the most attention – notably the crisis of Eskom (Chipkin et al 2018, Tooze 2023). Nonetheless, it is on the poorest, rural margins of South Africa, which generally have higher rates of poverty and weaker fiscal bases, where the crisis is worst. To take one important example amongst many, according to the latest reports of the auditor general, around half South Africa’s municipalities face financial distress or insolvency: unable to manage, raise revenues and deliver basic services, such as water and electricity (Ensor 2022). Of these collapsing municipalities, the overwhelming number are ‘Category B4’ rural municipalities, typically found in the former ‘tribal Homelands/Bantustans’.
近年来，随着南非财政收入下降、基础设施老化，出现了一股关于南非政府危机的新研究潮流。不可避免地，南非经济的核心吸引了最多的关注——尤其是Eskom的危机(Chipkin et al 2018, Tooze 2023)。然而，危机最严重的是南非最贫穷的农村边缘地区，这些地区的贫困率普遍较高，财政基础薄弱。根据审计长的最新报告，举一个重要的例子，南非大约一半的市政当局面临财政困境或破产:无法管理、增加收入和提供基本服务，如水和电(Ensor 2022)。在这些崩溃的城市中，绝大多数是“B4类”农村城市，通常位于前“部落家园/班图斯坦”。
{"title":"Introduction: Revenues, Rule, Redistribution","authors":"Tim Gibbs, L. Phillips, William Beinart, Sinegugu Zukhulu","doi":"10.1353/trn.2022.a905638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/trn.2022.a905638","url":null,"abstract":"In recent years, a new stream of research on the crisis of the state in South Africa has emerged, as revenues have faltered and ageing infrastructure cracked. Inevitably, the core of the South African economy attracts the most attention – notably the crisis of Eskom (Chipkin et al 2018, Tooze 2023). Nonetheless, it is on the poorest, rural margins of South Africa, which generally have higher rates of poverty and weaker fiscal bases, where the crisis is worst. To take one important example amongst many, according to the latest reports of the auditor general, around half South Africa’s municipalities face financial distress or insolvency: unable to manage, raise revenues and deliver basic services, such as water and electricity (Ensor 2022). Of these collapsing municipalities, the overwhelming number are ‘Category B4’ rural municipalities, typically found in the former ‘tribal Homelands/Bantustans’.","PeriodicalId":45045,"journal":{"name":"Transformation-Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84358416","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.1353/trn.2022.a905649
Claudia Gastrow
{"title":"Governing in the Shadows: Angola’s Securatised State by Paula Christina Roque (review)","authors":"Claudia Gastrow","doi":"10.1353/trn.2022.a905649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/trn.2022.a905649","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45045,"journal":{"name":"Transformation-Critical Perspectives on Southern Africa","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78120793","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.1353/trn.2022.a905647
Birgit Schreiber
The scholars in this book argue their thinking and share their experiences from living ‘in a racialized world and who yearn for a human one’ (Jablonski and Maré 2018, 7) and seek to transcend their racialised lives and move the readers to appreciate a universal, more human space, where full personhood can emerge. The book is an attempt to decolonise what it means to be human and attempts to rescue being human from the grip of race. It shapes a new version of and creates ‘a new humanism and to imagine humanity otherwise’ (Jablonski and Maré 2018, 61). REvIEW NINA JAbLoNSKI ANd GERhARd MARé (EdS) (2018) the effects of Race: the devastating effects of Rigid categoRy-thinKing. AFRICAN SUN MEdIA R E V I E W : J a B L O N S K I a N D m a R é : T h E E F F E C T S O F R a C E
在这本书中，学者们讨论了他们的想法，分享了他们生活在“一个种族化的世界里，渴望一个人类世界”的经历(Jablonski和mar， 2018, 7)，并试图超越他们的种族化生活，让读者欣赏一个普遍的、更人性化的空间，在那里完整的人格可以出现。这本书试图去殖民化人类的意义，并试图将人类从种族的束缚中拯救出来。它塑造了一个新版本，并创造了“一种新的人文主义，并以其他方式想象人类”(Jablonski和mar， 2018,61)。NINA JAbLoNSKI和GERhARd mar(编辑)(2018):《种族的影响:刻板类别思维的破坏性影响》。非洲太阳媒体R . E . V . E . W . J . B . L . O . N . S . K . O . N . N . N . N . N .
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Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.1353/trn.2022.a905642
Avhatakali Sithagu
ABSTRACT:Municipalities in former homelands situated on land under traditional authorities cannot institute an effective revenue collection system because most of the land is outside the formal property system. The fundamental issue is that customary land rights remain ‘invisible’ to the cadastral system, which together with other components of the land administration system, connects individuals to the revenue collection system. Through ethnographic interviews conducted in the Thembisile Hani Local Municipality, a former homeland municipality, this article demonstrates how a state institution, Eskom, navigates this complex terrain. In doing so, the article contributes to a broader debate about the dynamics and shape of the municipal revenue crisis that is often said to be an obstacle to service delivery and the smooth functioning of municipalities. While most scholars focus on how communities work with or against the rigid rules of the formal property system to access basic services, this article takes a different approach. It focuses on how state and non-state institutions attempt to deliver basic services by using informal practices to navigate their formal systems: a practice that is often under-researched.
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Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.1353/trn.2022.a905640
Joel Pearson
ABSTRACT:This article considers the changing role of the Mogalakwena Local Municipality in the political economy of the Waterberg region of Limpopo. It considers the effects that centre-led processes of municipal fiscal reform over the course of the 1980s and 1990s have had on local and regional politics, and suggest that this offers one dimension through which to understand why Limpopo has long proved a troublesome region for successive national South African governments, across the apartheid and post-apartheid decades. In the first section, I consider the outcomes of attempts by the national government to reform apartheid in the 1980s. Even as the National Party moved to introduce forms of regional government which had greater emphasis on the redistribution of revenues across racial boundaries, ‘lily-white’ Conservative Party-controlled local councils sought to entrench fiscal segregation and resist inclusion in the Regional Services Councils (RSCs). In the second section, I show how this resistance ultimately failed in the face of national transitional processes. By the end of the 1990s, the Conservative Party was a spent force. However, what resulted from the period of the local government transition fell far from the aspirations of ‘wall-to-wall democratic local government’. In the final section, I argue that post-apartheid municipal reform which has overseen an expansion of the developmental role of local government, which entrenched principles of corporate managerialism and outsourcing, has given rise to new forms of local and regional resistance against central government and party control. Against the backdrop of local economic decline, local politicians have used revenues distributed by the national treasury to build an independent political base within regional and provincial structures of the African National Congress.
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Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.1353/trn.2022.a905643
S. Meny-Gibert
ABSTRACT:Whilst most post-apartheid public schools in South Africa remain significantly underfunded, the education budget nevertheless provides a significant injection of jobs and public spending into the provinces–into rural provinces with small economies especially. Based on research in the Eastern Cape and Gauteng provinces, I show how a particular form of clientelist politics has taken root in the post-apartheid school education system–one locally organised around ‘promotional’ posts in schools, and disconnected from a clear state, party, or other organisational ‘centre’. Groups of locally organised unionists operate to secure preferential access to these posts, sometimes through the use or threat of violence, sometimes through collusion with district education officials, or with community members who might benefit from access to meagre school budgets. Attempts by residents to secure livelihood strategies in the context of poverty intersect with local strategies of upward mobility on the part of ordinary teachers, and in turn connect loosely, via patterns of ‘mutual accommodation’ with strategies of elite accumulation amongst senior politicians, administrators, and union leaders. In the case of the education sectors in the Eastern Cape and Gauteng provinces at least, on which this article focuses, this constitutes a fragmented yet interlocking system of unstable governance. In this sense, I suggest that there is much in the dynamics of education governance that offers insight into wider patterns of state-society relations around the local state in South Africa.
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Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.1353/trn.2022.a905639
L. Wotshela
ABSTRACT:For many within Bantustans during the epoch of late apartheid, the struggle for egalitarian local authority, and provision of services, innately linked to those for residential and other land needs. Such occurrences were particularly evident in the Ciskei, which largely emerged as a receptacle for countless relocated African families, and whose land and amenities was controlled, and then dispensed through state-created tribal authorities. Those contrived power brokers served at the base of government hierarchy but were equally influential in linking services to loyalists of the Bantustan system whilst fostering its social and political patronage networks. Naturally, the system impelled reaction and contestation in the form of robust civic movements from those the Bantustan policy sought to incorporate by early 1980s. Equally, such civic movements widened by the late 1980s to include even those already within the Ciskei Bantustan, but initially alienated from land and services allotted by tribal authorities. By then this movement had become key to rural and urban representative voices and was no longer restricted to the Ciskei. It marked a Border-Kei region of the current Eastern Cape Province, which from the early 1990s coalesced around the Ciskei, the western parts of the Transkei and the enfolded former white farming districts with their towns. How then did the calibrated local authority system after 1994 typify various formations of this area against persistent land demands and services, as well as reorganising chiefly authorities (now referred to as traditional authority)? To what extent did governance and distribution of services continue being routed for benefaction? This paper provides an historical outline of the campaign for egalitarian local authority, and ultimately shows the early complexities of an integrated municipality in 2000 in that hitherto segregated Border-Kei region of South Africa’s Eastern Cape.
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