Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1177/18344909231205046
Zhicong Zhang, Yiduo Ye
Previous studies have shown exposure to something cute affects moral tendencies and prosocial behaviors, but how it affects people's moral judgment is still unknown. This study examines the effect of cuteness exposure on the judgment of morally transgressive events and explores the moderating effect of the moral transgressor's socioeconomic status. In Experiment 1, we find that individuals judged moral transgression incidents more harshly after viewing cute images. Experiment 2 examined whether the socioeconomic status of moral transgressors moderates the effect. The results revealed that when cuteness was primed, individuals were more tolerant of the advantaged than the disadvantaged, and made harsher moral judgments about the disadvantaged. In summary, the findings suggest that exposure to cute stimuli can enhance individuals’ moral sense and thus lead to harsher moral judgments. This effect is more pronounced when transgressors have low socioeconomic status.
{"title":"Viewing cute pictures can influence judgment of moral transgressions","authors":"Zhicong Zhang, Yiduo Ye","doi":"10.1177/18344909231205046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18344909231205046","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies have shown exposure to something cute affects moral tendencies and prosocial behaviors, but how it affects people's moral judgment is still unknown. This study examines the effect of cuteness exposure on the judgment of morally transgressive events and explores the moderating effect of the moral transgressor's socioeconomic status. In Experiment 1, we find that individuals judged moral transgression incidents more harshly after viewing cute images. Experiment 2 examined whether the socioeconomic status of moral transgressors moderates the effect. The results revealed that when cuteness was primed, individuals were more tolerant of the advantaged than the disadvantaged, and made harsher moral judgments about the disadvantaged. In summary, the findings suggest that exposure to cute stimuli can enhance individuals’ moral sense and thus lead to harsher moral judgments. This effect is more pronounced when transgressors have low socioeconomic status.","PeriodicalId":45049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135266998","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1177/18344909231201879
Mingjun Xie, Jianing Sun, Amy K. Nuttall, Danhua Lin
The global pandemic of COVID-19 has posed critical challenges for child and adolescent health. Prior research, however, has mostly focused on mental health, adult samples, and cross-sectional designs. Using latent change score modeling, this study addressed this gap by examining problem behaviors (operationalized as non-suicidal self-injury behaviors, smartphone addiction, and excessive screen time) under pandemic conditions, by comparing their behaviors before (December 2019) versus during the pandemic (June 2020), among 1,149 disadvantaged children and adolescents from rural China ( Mage = 11.86, SD =1.6, age range = 9 to 16 years; 62% males). Findings observed increases in problem behaviors during the pandemic in comparison to children and adolescents’ pre-pandemic behaviors. Risk and protective factors were associated with changes in these problem behaviors. Specifically, prior adverse experiences were linked to more non-suicidal self-injury behaviors and greater smartphone addiction before the pandemic; children with more exposure to childhood adversities experienced more excessive hours of screen time before the pandemic but fewer increases in screen time amid the pandemic. More pandemic-related stress experiences were associated with behavioral health risk (i.e., more increases in non-suicidal self-injury behaviors and smartphone addiction). For protective factors, family support was associated with fewer increases in non-suicidal self-injury behaviors during the pandemic. Older (relative to younger) children had fewer increases in non-suicidal self-injury behaviors but more increases in excessive screen time amid the pandemic. This study extends the literature by illuminating behavioral changes under pandemic conditions, and contributes uniquely to developmental research more broadly by highlighting risk and protective factors associated with changes in problem behaviors.
{"title":"Protective and risk factors associated with problem behaviors among disadvantaged children and adolescents in rural China during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Mingjun Xie, Jianing Sun, Amy K. Nuttall, Danhua Lin","doi":"10.1177/18344909231201879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18344909231201879","url":null,"abstract":"The global pandemic of COVID-19 has posed critical challenges for child and adolescent health. Prior research, however, has mostly focused on mental health, adult samples, and cross-sectional designs. Using latent change score modeling, this study addressed this gap by examining problem behaviors (operationalized as non-suicidal self-injury behaviors, smartphone addiction, and excessive screen time) under pandemic conditions, by comparing their behaviors before (December 2019) versus during the pandemic (June 2020), among 1,149 disadvantaged children and adolescents from rural China ( Mage = 11.86, SD =1.6, age range = 9 to 16 years; 62% males). Findings observed increases in problem behaviors during the pandemic in comparison to children and adolescents’ pre-pandemic behaviors. Risk and protective factors were associated with changes in these problem behaviors. Specifically, prior adverse experiences were linked to more non-suicidal self-injury behaviors and greater smartphone addiction before the pandemic; children with more exposure to childhood adversities experienced more excessive hours of screen time before the pandemic but fewer increases in screen time amid the pandemic. More pandemic-related stress experiences were associated with behavioral health risk (i.e., more increases in non-suicidal self-injury behaviors and smartphone addiction). For protective factors, family support was associated with fewer increases in non-suicidal self-injury behaviors during the pandemic. Older (relative to younger) children had fewer increases in non-suicidal self-injury behaviors but more increases in excessive screen time amid the pandemic. This study extends the literature by illuminating behavioral changes under pandemic conditions, and contributes uniquely to developmental research more broadly by highlighting risk and protective factors associated with changes in problem behaviors.","PeriodicalId":45049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology","volume":"64 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135597181","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1177/18344909231185381
Tianya Li, Haoyan Huang, Jia Liu, Xin Tang
The role of epistemic curiosity in achievement has been widely acknowledged. In recent years, research has started to understand the broad effect of curiosity, and thus the association between curiosity and well-being is of special interest. Yet, studies so far have found both beneficial and detrimental effects of curiosity on well-being, leaving inconclusive findings. The present study aimed to understand the associations between epistemic curiosity and well-being from a multidimensional perspective. We further examined whether there were individual differences (i.e., gender and grade) among those associations. For those purposes, 315 adolescents in 4–6th grades were surveyed, and their two epistemic curiosity (i.e., joyous curiosity and deprivation curiosity) and five well-being (i.e., physical, dietary, emotional, psychological, and academic well-being) indicators were measured. Results indicated that (1) joyous curiosity was unanimously associated with five well-being domains while deprivation was not; (2) among five well-being indicators, the closest association to curiosity is academic well-being, whereas dietary well-being was the least close; and (3) neither gender nor grade moderated the association between epistemic curiosity and well-being. In conclusion, we found that joyous curiosity was a consistent beneficial factor for well-being, and the effects were not related to gender or grade among early adolescents.
{"title":"Killing the cats or satisfying the human? The role of epistemic curiosity in adolescents’ multidimensional well-being","authors":"Tianya Li, Haoyan Huang, Jia Liu, Xin Tang","doi":"10.1177/18344909231185381","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18344909231185381","url":null,"abstract":"The role of epistemic curiosity in achievement has been widely acknowledged. In recent years, research has started to understand the broad effect of curiosity, and thus the association between curiosity and well-being is of special interest. Yet, studies so far have found both beneficial and detrimental effects of curiosity on well-being, leaving inconclusive findings. The present study aimed to understand the associations between epistemic curiosity and well-being from a multidimensional perspective. We further examined whether there were individual differences (i.e., gender and grade) among those associations. For those purposes, 315 adolescents in 4–6th grades were surveyed, and their two epistemic curiosity (i.e., joyous curiosity and deprivation curiosity) and five well-being (i.e., physical, dietary, emotional, psychological, and academic well-being) indicators were measured. Results indicated that (1) joyous curiosity was unanimously associated with five well-being domains while deprivation was not; (2) among five well-being indicators, the closest association to curiosity is academic well-being, whereas dietary well-being was the least close; and (3) neither gender nor grade moderated the association between epistemic curiosity and well-being. In conclusion, we found that joyous curiosity was a consistent beneficial factor for well-being, and the effects were not related to gender or grade among early adolescents.","PeriodicalId":45049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46396461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1177/18344909231173249
Xiaoping Ying, Yuechen Wang, Ally Aoxue Fu, Jing Luo
Although various internet memes (IMs) were disseminated and popularized during the COVID-19 pandemic, the degree to which people appreciate them is unclear. In this study, people's appreciation of three kinds of typical IMs, which respectively conveyed the humorous (H-IM), encouraging (E-IM), and aggressive (A-IM) feelings towards the pandemic and the consequences it brought about, along with one objective description (OD) serving as the control condition, were compared. The results showed that the E-IMs and H-IMs were significantly more appreciated and loved than the A-IMs, thus supporting the prediction of positive psychology and humor regulation of negative emotion but failing to support the theory of psychology catharsis that emphasizes the need of making aggression to release tense and angry feelings caused by the pandemic. The results also showed that creativity played a mediating role for the positivity component in E-IMs and the humor component in H-IMs when predicting their fondness ratings. For the H-IMs, creativity could even fully mediate the impact of humor for exerting regulation effects on negative emotions evoked by the pandemic-related affairs such as home quarantine. This result revealed the creative nature of the IMs and showed that IMs are a kind of insightful cognitive restructuring that people make as a creative adaption to unfavorably changed situations caused by the pandemic.
{"title":"What kind of internet memes do you like? People's preference for the memes expressing the positivity, humor, aggression emotions","authors":"Xiaoping Ying, Yuechen Wang, Ally Aoxue Fu, Jing Luo","doi":"10.1177/18344909231173249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18344909231173249","url":null,"abstract":"Although various internet memes (IMs) were disseminated and popularized during the COVID-19 pandemic, the degree to which people appreciate them is unclear. In this study, people's appreciation of three kinds of typical IMs, which respectively conveyed the humorous (H-IM), encouraging (E-IM), and aggressive (A-IM) feelings towards the pandemic and the consequences it brought about, along with one objective description (OD) serving as the control condition, were compared. The results showed that the E-IMs and H-IMs were significantly more appreciated and loved than the A-IMs, thus supporting the prediction of positive psychology and humor regulation of negative emotion but failing to support the theory of psychology catharsis that emphasizes the need of making aggression to release tense and angry feelings caused by the pandemic. The results also showed that creativity played a mediating role for the positivity component in E-IMs and the humor component in H-IMs when predicting their fondness ratings. For the H-IMs, creativity could even fully mediate the impact of humor for exerting regulation effects on negative emotions evoked by the pandemic-related affairs such as home quarantine. This result revealed the creative nature of the IMs and showed that IMs are a kind of insightful cognitive restructuring that people make as a creative adaption to unfavorably changed situations caused by the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":45049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47336884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1177/18344909231165188
Lin Peng, Siyang Luo
COVID-19 has brought awareness of the daily threat of death to everyone in the world and provided a natural context for raising widespread awareness of the salience of mortality. Previous researchers have found that mortality salience has rendered proposers more likely to make a fair offer in the dictator and ultimatum game, but there has been no study focusing on the psychological changes in the responders. Study 1 was an exploratory study of the effect of mortality salience on the threshold for acceptance of unfair offers, comparing the effect of unnatural deaths, such as those caused by COVID-19, and that of natural deaths, such as those caused by aging. The results showed that COVID-19 mortality salience could lower the acceptance threshold in responders, thus increasing their tolerance of unfairness, while the mortality salience from aging would not. In Study 2, we established an evolutionary game model to simulate the influences of tolerance of unfairness in allocation of resources on epidemic spread using agent-based modeling. The study compared two societies with different levels of the fear of death, and the results showed that the society with a relatively high death fear would produce more inequality in distribution by increasing the tolerance of unfairness. This ultimately leads to worse pandemic conditions and slower control of the spread in the first stage of the pandemic.
{"title":"Exploration of tolerance of unfairness under COVID-19 mortality salience and its effect on epidemic development","authors":"Lin Peng, Siyang Luo","doi":"10.1177/18344909231165188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18344909231165188","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 has brought awareness of the daily threat of death to everyone in the world and provided a natural context for raising widespread awareness of the salience of mortality. Previous researchers have found that mortality salience has rendered proposers more likely to make a fair offer in the dictator and ultimatum game, but there has been no study focusing on the psychological changes in the responders. Study 1 was an exploratory study of the effect of mortality salience on the threshold for acceptance of unfair offers, comparing the effect of unnatural deaths, such as those caused by COVID-19, and that of natural deaths, such as those caused by aging. The results showed that COVID-19 mortality salience could lower the acceptance threshold in responders, thus increasing their tolerance of unfairness, while the mortality salience from aging would not. In Study 2, we established an evolutionary game model to simulate the influences of tolerance of unfairness in allocation of resources on epidemic spread using agent-based modeling. The study compared two societies with different levels of the fear of death, and the results showed that the society with a relatively high death fear would produce more inequality in distribution by increasing the tolerance of unfairness. This ultimately leads to worse pandemic conditions and slower control of the spread in the first stage of the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":45049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45028007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1177/18344909231166106
C. Chiu, Yuk-Yue Tong, Sau-lai Lee, H. Chan
Past research showed that people may hold contradictory ideas about something or someone. Mindset ambivalence refers to the psychological state in which a person holds contradictory beliefs about the malleability of a valued attribute and spontaneously expresses agreement with both the fixed and growth mindsets. Our past findings showed that a sizable proportion of Hong Kong Chinese adults possess the ambivalent mindset. In the present study, 101 Hong Kong Chinese parents completed a survey during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings provided further support for the prevalence of the ambivalent mindset. In addition, we found that parents with the ambivalent mindset tended to support several parental practices that would reinforce the relative ability rankings of their children. These practices included person praise, mobilization of effort to compensate for low ability, and lowering of expectation to avoid future failures. Finally, the use of these parental practices was accompanied by deterioration of parent–child relationship when children displayed undesirable self-regulatory behaviors. We discuss these findings’ implications for growth mindset interventions in Chinese societies.
{"title":"Personal qualities are malleable and fixed: Ambivalent mindset, capability ranking reinforcement, and parent–child relationship among Hong Kong Chinese parents","authors":"C. Chiu, Yuk-Yue Tong, Sau-lai Lee, H. Chan","doi":"10.1177/18344909231166106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18344909231166106","url":null,"abstract":"Past research showed that people may hold contradictory ideas about something or someone. Mindset ambivalence refers to the psychological state in which a person holds contradictory beliefs about the malleability of a valued attribute and spontaneously expresses agreement with both the fixed and growth mindsets. Our past findings showed that a sizable proportion of Hong Kong Chinese adults possess the ambivalent mindset. In the present study, 101 Hong Kong Chinese parents completed a survey during the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings provided further support for the prevalence of the ambivalent mindset. In addition, we found that parents with the ambivalent mindset tended to support several parental practices that would reinforce the relative ability rankings of their children. These practices included person praise, mobilization of effort to compensate for low ability, and lowering of expectation to avoid future failures. Finally, the use of these parental practices was accompanied by deterioration of parent–child relationship when children displayed undesirable self-regulatory behaviors. We discuss these findings’ implications for growth mindset interventions in Chinese societies.","PeriodicalId":45049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47173907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1177/18344909231166758
Zhen Huang, Yiwen Wu, Yukun Zhao, Kaiping Peng
Meaning in life contributes to psychological well-being. However, few studies have adopted an implicit theory approach to studying people's beliefs about the malleability of meaning in life. We propose the growth mindset of meaning in life (GMML) as the belief that meaning in life can be developed. In Study 1, we construct the Mindset of Meaning in Life Scale (MMLS) to measure GMML and demonstrate that GMML is distinct from growth mindset of intelligence and meaning in life. As predicted, GMML is positively associated with psychological well-being indicators, including life satisfaction and positive coping styles, and negatively correlated with ill-being measures such as depression and anxiety. In Study 2, tolerance of uncertainty was found to partially mediate the relationships between GMML and depression, anxiety, purpose in life, the presence of and search for meaning in life. Taken together, our findings suggest that GMML is a distinct construct relevant to individuals’ well-being and meaning in life.
{"title":"Growth mindset of meaning in Life: Viewing meaning in life as malleable matters","authors":"Zhen Huang, Yiwen Wu, Yukun Zhao, Kaiping Peng","doi":"10.1177/18344909231166758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18344909231166758","url":null,"abstract":"Meaning in life contributes to psychological well-being. However, few studies have adopted an implicit theory approach to studying people's beliefs about the malleability of meaning in life. We propose the growth mindset of meaning in life (GMML) as the belief that meaning in life can be developed. In Study 1, we construct the Mindset of Meaning in Life Scale (MMLS) to measure GMML and demonstrate that GMML is distinct from growth mindset of intelligence and meaning in life. As predicted, GMML is positively associated with psychological well-being indicators, including life satisfaction and positive coping styles, and negatively correlated with ill-being measures such as depression and anxiety. In Study 2, tolerance of uncertainty was found to partially mediate the relationships between GMML and depression, anxiety, purpose in life, the presence of and search for meaning in life. Taken together, our findings suggest that GMML is a distinct construct relevant to individuals’ well-being and meaning in life.","PeriodicalId":45049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43044609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1177/18344909231208906
Cher Yi Tan, Jia Yi Ng, Mei-Hua Lin, Min Hooi Yong
Many governments including Malaysia imposed movement restrictions as a public health measure to minimize COVID-19 (coronavirus) risks. Due to prolonged isolation, poorer physical and mental health are expected in the general population. Our aims were to examine (1) the mediating role of perceived social isolation (SI) and fear of social isolation (FSI) on the relationship between gratitude and anxiety, and (2) to explore the moderating role of age, education, and socioeconomic status (SES) on the mediation model. A total of 427 participants currently living in Malaysia ( M age = 37.90, SD = 16.51, 313 females) completed a survey on isolation, gratitude, and anxiety during a period of national lockdown. Results showed that that those with higher gratitude reported having less SI and FSI and less anxiety (Model 1). In Model 2 with age as moderator, young adults (YA) and middle-aged adults (MA) who had higher gratitude experienced lower SI and in turn had lowered anxiety, but such a mediating role of SI was not observed among older adults (OA). As for FSI, MA who had higher gratitude had lower FSI and also lower anxiety but this relationship was not observed in YA or OA. We also examined the role of education and SES as moderators in the parallel mediation analysis. Results showed that the indirect association of gratitude with anxiety via FI and FSI was moderated by both education and SES. Specifically, among those with low education levels (regardless of SES), those with higher gratitude had lower SI and FSI, which in turn reduced anxiety. This relationship is similar for those with medium levels of education and from low and middle levels of SES as well. Our findings highlight the importance of having some coping mechanism, for example, gratitude and social connection, during the pandemic to have higher well-being and quality of life, especially for MA sample and people from low education and SES backgrounds.
{"title":"Effects of perceived social isolation, fear of social isolation, and gratitude during COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety in Malaysia","authors":"Cher Yi Tan, Jia Yi Ng, Mei-Hua Lin, Min Hooi Yong","doi":"10.1177/18344909231208906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18344909231208906","url":null,"abstract":"Many governments including Malaysia imposed movement restrictions as a public health measure to minimize COVID-19 (coronavirus) risks. Due to prolonged isolation, poorer physical and mental health are expected in the general population. Our aims were to examine (1) the mediating role of perceived social isolation (SI) and fear of social isolation (FSI) on the relationship between gratitude and anxiety, and (2) to explore the moderating role of age, education, and socioeconomic status (SES) on the mediation model. A total of 427 participants currently living in Malaysia ( M age = 37.90, SD = 16.51, 313 females) completed a survey on isolation, gratitude, and anxiety during a period of national lockdown. Results showed that that those with higher gratitude reported having less SI and FSI and less anxiety (Model 1). In Model 2 with age as moderator, young adults (YA) and middle-aged adults (MA) who had higher gratitude experienced lower SI and in turn had lowered anxiety, but such a mediating role of SI was not observed among older adults (OA). As for FSI, MA who had higher gratitude had lower FSI and also lower anxiety but this relationship was not observed in YA or OA. We also examined the role of education and SES as moderators in the parallel mediation analysis. Results showed that the indirect association of gratitude with anxiety via FI and FSI was moderated by both education and SES. Specifically, among those with low education levels (regardless of SES), those with higher gratitude had lower SI and FSI, which in turn reduced anxiety. This relationship is similar for those with medium levels of education and from low and middle levels of SES as well. Our findings highlight the importance of having some coping mechanism, for example, gratitude and social connection, during the pandemic to have higher well-being and quality of life, especially for MA sample and people from low education and SES backgrounds.","PeriodicalId":45049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135784602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1177/18344909221105351
Yadong Sun, Jingjin Shao, Jiamei Li, Yue Jiang
Few studies have systematically investigated the internal heterogeneity of internet addiction to determine the longitudinal predictive effects on depressive symptoms and problem behaviors, especially among the rural adolescents. Via two waves of data collection, this study conducted a survey among 1,194 rural adolescents in China (Mage = 14.53, SD = 0.72). A latent profile analysis was conducted to explore the various patterns of behaviors and influential factors of internet addiction. These results were then used to predict the probability of depressive symptoms and problem behaviors. The findings are as follows: (1) According to the behavioral patterns uncovered, internet addiction among rural adolescents can be divided into four subgroups: normal internet use (41%), low internet addiction (39%), high internet addiction (9%), and overuse of online games (11%). (2) The distribution of internet addiction patterns among rural adolescents were significantly correlated with gender, deviant peer affiliation, and parental alienation. (3) Adolescents in the high internet addiction and overuse of online game categories generally had more depressive symptoms and problem behaviors than those in the normal-use category. These findings indicate considerable heterogeneity in internet addiction among rural adolescents in China. Specifically, gender, deviant peer affiliation, and parental alienation are the risk factors for the internet-addiction profiles.
{"title":"Internet addiction patterns of rural Chinese adolescents: Longitudinal predictive effects on depressive symptoms and problem behaviors","authors":"Yadong Sun, Jingjin Shao, Jiamei Li, Yue Jiang","doi":"10.1177/18344909221105351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18344909221105351","url":null,"abstract":"Few studies have systematically investigated the internal heterogeneity of internet addiction to determine the longitudinal predictive effects on depressive symptoms and problem behaviors, especially among the rural adolescents. Via two waves of data collection, this study conducted a survey among 1,194 rural adolescents in China (Mage = 14.53, SD = 0.72). A latent profile analysis was conducted to explore the various patterns of behaviors and influential factors of internet addiction. These results were then used to predict the probability of depressive symptoms and problem behaviors. The findings are as follows: (1) According to the behavioral patterns uncovered, internet addiction among rural adolescents can be divided into four subgroups: normal internet use (41%), low internet addiction (39%), high internet addiction (9%), and overuse of online games (11%). (2) The distribution of internet addiction patterns among rural adolescents were significantly correlated with gender, deviant peer affiliation, and parental alienation. (3) Adolescents in the high internet addiction and overuse of online game categories generally had more depressive symptoms and problem behaviors than those in the normal-use category. These findings indicate considerable heterogeneity in internet addiction among rural adolescents in China. Specifically, gender, deviant peer affiliation, and parental alienation are the risk factors for the internet-addiction profiles.","PeriodicalId":45049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45307272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/18344909221089368
Yidi Chen, B. Hall, Wenju Li, Jian hui Wu, Jinjin Ma, Huanya Zhu, Yiqun Gan
A population-based, longitudinal study was conducted among 29 provinces in mainland China to investigate how public trust in physicians (PTP) changed since the outbreak of COVID-19 and how the resulting lockdown and social support contributed to its restoration. The baseline sample (n = 3,233) was obtained during the period of the most rapid progression of COVID-19 (February 1 to 9, 2020, T1). Follow-up (n = 1,380) took place during the recovery period (March 17 to 24, T2). Latent profile models and a latent transition model were estimated. Participants were classified into either a moderate trust (21% at T1; 45% transition into high at T2) or a high trust (79% at T1; 88% remained in the high group) group in the latent profile. A latent transition from moderate to high trust was observed in locked-down regions and among those with higher social support. Social support moderated the transition from low to high trust. The current study showed that the epidemic outbreak and lockdown experience in China were associated with increased PTP; furthermore, public trust can be restored during a public health emergency. Attention should be paid to assure that social support and risk management strategies maintain PTP.
{"title":"The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, risk perception, and perceived social support on public trust in physicians in China: A latent transition analysis","authors":"Yidi Chen, B. Hall, Wenju Li, Jian hui Wu, Jinjin Ma, Huanya Zhu, Yiqun Gan","doi":"10.1177/18344909221089368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18344909221089368","url":null,"abstract":"A population-based, longitudinal study was conducted among 29 provinces in mainland China to investigate how public trust in physicians (PTP) changed since the outbreak of COVID-19 and how the resulting lockdown and social support contributed to its restoration. The baseline sample (n = 3,233) was obtained during the period of the most rapid progression of COVID-19 (February 1 to 9, 2020, T1). Follow-up (n = 1,380) took place during the recovery period (March 17 to 24, T2). Latent profile models and a latent transition model were estimated. Participants were classified into either a moderate trust (21% at T1; 45% transition into high at T2) or a high trust (79% at T1; 88% remained in the high group) group in the latent profile. A latent transition from moderate to high trust was observed in locked-down regions and among those with higher social support. Social support moderated the transition from low to high trust. The current study showed that the epidemic outbreak and lockdown experience in China were associated with increased PTP; furthermore, public trust can be restored during a public health emergency. Attention should be paid to assure that social support and risk management strategies maintain PTP.","PeriodicalId":45049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42020024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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