Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1177/18344909231173249
Xiaoping Ying, Yuechen Wang, Ally Aoxue Fu, Jing Luo
Although various internet memes (IMs) were disseminated and popularized during the COVID-19 pandemic, the degree to which people appreciate them is unclear. In this study, people's appreciation of three kinds of typical IMs, which respectively conveyed the humorous (H-IM), encouraging (E-IM), and aggressive (A-IM) feelings towards the pandemic and the consequences it brought about, along with one objective description (OD) serving as the control condition, were compared. The results showed that the E-IMs and H-IMs were significantly more appreciated and loved than the A-IMs, thus supporting the prediction of positive psychology and humor regulation of negative emotion but failing to support the theory of psychology catharsis that emphasizes the need of making aggression to release tense and angry feelings caused by the pandemic. The results also showed that creativity played a mediating role for the positivity component in E-IMs and the humor component in H-IMs when predicting their fondness ratings. For the H-IMs, creativity could even fully mediate the impact of humor for exerting regulation effects on negative emotions evoked by the pandemic-related affairs such as home quarantine. This result revealed the creative nature of the IMs and showed that IMs are a kind of insightful cognitive restructuring that people make as a creative adaption to unfavorably changed situations caused by the pandemic.
{"title":"What kind of internet memes do you like? People's preference for the memes expressing the positivity, humor, aggression emotions","authors":"Xiaoping Ying, Yuechen Wang, Ally Aoxue Fu, Jing Luo","doi":"10.1177/18344909231173249","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18344909231173249","url":null,"abstract":"Although various internet memes (IMs) were disseminated and popularized during the COVID-19 pandemic, the degree to which people appreciate them is unclear. In this study, people's appreciation of three kinds of typical IMs, which respectively conveyed the humorous (H-IM), encouraging (E-IM), and aggressive (A-IM) feelings towards the pandemic and the consequences it brought about, along with one objective description (OD) serving as the control condition, were compared. The results showed that the E-IMs and H-IMs were significantly more appreciated and loved than the A-IMs, thus supporting the prediction of positive psychology and humor regulation of negative emotion but failing to support the theory of psychology catharsis that emphasizes the need of making aggression to release tense and angry feelings caused by the pandemic. The results also showed that creativity played a mediating role for the positivity component in E-IMs and the humor component in H-IMs when predicting their fondness ratings. For the H-IMs, creativity could even fully mediate the impact of humor for exerting regulation effects on negative emotions evoked by the pandemic-related affairs such as home quarantine. This result revealed the creative nature of the IMs and showed that IMs are a kind of insightful cognitive restructuring that people make as a creative adaption to unfavorably changed situations caused by the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":45049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47336884","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1177/18344909231165188
Lin Peng, Siyang Luo
COVID-19 has brought awareness of the daily threat of death to everyone in the world and provided a natural context for raising widespread awareness of the salience of mortality. Previous researchers have found that mortality salience has rendered proposers more likely to make a fair offer in the dictator and ultimatum game, but there has been no study focusing on the psychological changes in the responders. Study 1 was an exploratory study of the effect of mortality salience on the threshold for acceptance of unfair offers, comparing the effect of unnatural deaths, such as those caused by COVID-19, and that of natural deaths, such as those caused by aging. The results showed that COVID-19 mortality salience could lower the acceptance threshold in responders, thus increasing their tolerance of unfairness, while the mortality salience from aging would not. In Study 2, we established an evolutionary game model to simulate the influences of tolerance of unfairness in allocation of resources on epidemic spread using agent-based modeling. The study compared two societies with different levels of the fear of death, and the results showed that the society with a relatively high death fear would produce more inequality in distribution by increasing the tolerance of unfairness. This ultimately leads to worse pandemic conditions and slower control of the spread in the first stage of the pandemic.
{"title":"Exploration of tolerance of unfairness under COVID-19 mortality salience and its effect on epidemic development","authors":"Lin Peng, Siyang Luo","doi":"10.1177/18344909231165188","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18344909231165188","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 has brought awareness of the daily threat of death to everyone in the world and provided a natural context for raising widespread awareness of the salience of mortality. Previous researchers have found that mortality salience has rendered proposers more likely to make a fair offer in the dictator and ultimatum game, but there has been no study focusing on the psychological changes in the responders. Study 1 was an exploratory study of the effect of mortality salience on the threshold for acceptance of unfair offers, comparing the effect of unnatural deaths, such as those caused by COVID-19, and that of natural deaths, such as those caused by aging. The results showed that COVID-19 mortality salience could lower the acceptance threshold in responders, thus increasing their tolerance of unfairness, while the mortality salience from aging would not. In Study 2, we established an evolutionary game model to simulate the influences of tolerance of unfairness in allocation of resources on epidemic spread using agent-based modeling. The study compared two societies with different levels of the fear of death, and the results showed that the society with a relatively high death fear would produce more inequality in distribution by increasing the tolerance of unfairness. This ultimately leads to worse pandemic conditions and slower control of the spread in the first stage of the pandemic.","PeriodicalId":45049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45028007","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1177/18344909231208906
Cher Yi Tan, Jia Yi Ng, Mei-Hua Lin, Min Hooi Yong
Many governments including Malaysia imposed movement restrictions as a public health measure to minimize COVID-19 (coronavirus) risks. Due to prolonged isolation, poorer physical and mental health are expected in the general population. Our aims were to examine (1) the mediating role of perceived social isolation (SI) and fear of social isolation (FSI) on the relationship between gratitude and anxiety, and (2) to explore the moderating role of age, education, and socioeconomic status (SES) on the mediation model. A total of 427 participants currently living in Malaysia ( M age = 37.90, SD = 16.51, 313 females) completed a survey on isolation, gratitude, and anxiety during a period of national lockdown. Results showed that that those with higher gratitude reported having less SI and FSI and less anxiety (Model 1). In Model 2 with age as moderator, young adults (YA) and middle-aged adults (MA) who had higher gratitude experienced lower SI and in turn had lowered anxiety, but such a mediating role of SI was not observed among older adults (OA). As for FSI, MA who had higher gratitude had lower FSI and also lower anxiety but this relationship was not observed in YA or OA. We also examined the role of education and SES as moderators in the parallel mediation analysis. Results showed that the indirect association of gratitude with anxiety via FI and FSI was moderated by both education and SES. Specifically, among those with low education levels (regardless of SES), those with higher gratitude had lower SI and FSI, which in turn reduced anxiety. This relationship is similar for those with medium levels of education and from low and middle levels of SES as well. Our findings highlight the importance of having some coping mechanism, for example, gratitude and social connection, during the pandemic to have higher well-being and quality of life, especially for MA sample and people from low education and SES backgrounds.
{"title":"Effects of perceived social isolation, fear of social isolation, and gratitude during COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety in Malaysia","authors":"Cher Yi Tan, Jia Yi Ng, Mei-Hua Lin, Min Hooi Yong","doi":"10.1177/18344909231208906","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18344909231208906","url":null,"abstract":"Many governments including Malaysia imposed movement restrictions as a public health measure to minimize COVID-19 (coronavirus) risks. Due to prolonged isolation, poorer physical and mental health are expected in the general population. Our aims were to examine (1) the mediating role of perceived social isolation (SI) and fear of social isolation (FSI) on the relationship between gratitude and anxiety, and (2) to explore the moderating role of age, education, and socioeconomic status (SES) on the mediation model. A total of 427 participants currently living in Malaysia ( M age = 37.90, SD = 16.51, 313 females) completed a survey on isolation, gratitude, and anxiety during a period of national lockdown. Results showed that that those with higher gratitude reported having less SI and FSI and less anxiety (Model 1). In Model 2 with age as moderator, young adults (YA) and middle-aged adults (MA) who had higher gratitude experienced lower SI and in turn had lowered anxiety, but such a mediating role of SI was not observed among older adults (OA). As for FSI, MA who had higher gratitude had lower FSI and also lower anxiety but this relationship was not observed in YA or OA. We also examined the role of education and SES as moderators in the parallel mediation analysis. Results showed that the indirect association of gratitude with anxiety via FI and FSI was moderated by both education and SES. Specifically, among those with low education levels (regardless of SES), those with higher gratitude had lower SI and FSI, which in turn reduced anxiety. This relationship is similar for those with medium levels of education and from low and middle levels of SES as well. Our findings highlight the importance of having some coping mechanism, for example, gratitude and social connection, during the pandemic to have higher well-being and quality of life, especially for MA sample and people from low education and SES backgrounds.","PeriodicalId":45049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135784602","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-06-01DOI: 10.1177/18344909221105351
Yadong Sun, Jingjin Shao, Jiamei Li, Yue Jiang
Few studies have systematically investigated the internal heterogeneity of internet addiction to determine the longitudinal predictive effects on depressive symptoms and problem behaviors, especially among the rural adolescents. Via two waves of data collection, this study conducted a survey among 1,194 rural adolescents in China (Mage = 14.53, SD = 0.72). A latent profile analysis was conducted to explore the various patterns of behaviors and influential factors of internet addiction. These results were then used to predict the probability of depressive symptoms and problem behaviors. The findings are as follows: (1) According to the behavioral patterns uncovered, internet addiction among rural adolescents can be divided into four subgroups: normal internet use (41%), low internet addiction (39%), high internet addiction (9%), and overuse of online games (11%). (2) The distribution of internet addiction patterns among rural adolescents were significantly correlated with gender, deviant peer affiliation, and parental alienation. (3) Adolescents in the high internet addiction and overuse of online game categories generally had more depressive symptoms and problem behaviors than those in the normal-use category. These findings indicate considerable heterogeneity in internet addiction among rural adolescents in China. Specifically, gender, deviant peer affiliation, and parental alienation are the risk factors for the internet-addiction profiles.
{"title":"Internet addiction patterns of rural Chinese adolescents: Longitudinal predictive effects on depressive symptoms and problem behaviors","authors":"Yadong Sun, Jingjin Shao, Jiamei Li, Yue Jiang","doi":"10.1177/18344909221105351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18344909221105351","url":null,"abstract":"Few studies have systematically investigated the internal heterogeneity of internet addiction to determine the longitudinal predictive effects on depressive symptoms and problem behaviors, especially among the rural adolescents. Via two waves of data collection, this study conducted a survey among 1,194 rural adolescents in China (Mage = 14.53, SD = 0.72). A latent profile analysis was conducted to explore the various patterns of behaviors and influential factors of internet addiction. These results were then used to predict the probability of depressive symptoms and problem behaviors. The findings are as follows: (1) According to the behavioral patterns uncovered, internet addiction among rural adolescents can be divided into four subgroups: normal internet use (41%), low internet addiction (39%), high internet addiction (9%), and overuse of online games (11%). (2) The distribution of internet addiction patterns among rural adolescents were significantly correlated with gender, deviant peer affiliation, and parental alienation. (3) Adolescents in the high internet addiction and overuse of online game categories generally had more depressive symptoms and problem behaviors than those in the normal-use category. These findings indicate considerable heterogeneity in internet addiction among rural adolescents in China. Specifically, gender, deviant peer affiliation, and parental alienation are the risk factors for the internet-addiction profiles.","PeriodicalId":45049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45307272","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-03-01DOI: 10.1177/18344909221089368
Yidi Chen, B. Hall, Wenju Li, Jian hui Wu, Jinjin Ma, Huanya Zhu, Yiqun Gan
A population-based, longitudinal study was conducted among 29 provinces in mainland China to investigate how public trust in physicians (PTP) changed since the outbreak of COVID-19 and how the resulting lockdown and social support contributed to its restoration. The baseline sample (n = 3,233) was obtained during the period of the most rapid progression of COVID-19 (February 1 to 9, 2020, T1). Follow-up (n = 1,380) took place during the recovery period (March 17 to 24, T2). Latent profile models and a latent transition model were estimated. Participants were classified into either a moderate trust (21% at T1; 45% transition into high at T2) or a high trust (79% at T1; 88% remained in the high group) group in the latent profile. A latent transition from moderate to high trust was observed in locked-down regions and among those with higher social support. Social support moderated the transition from low to high trust. The current study showed that the epidemic outbreak and lockdown experience in China were associated with increased PTP; furthermore, public trust can be restored during a public health emergency. Attention should be paid to assure that social support and risk management strategies maintain PTP.
{"title":"The effects of the COVID-19 pandemic, risk perception, and perceived social support on public trust in physicians in China: A latent transition analysis","authors":"Yidi Chen, B. Hall, Wenju Li, Jian hui Wu, Jinjin Ma, Huanya Zhu, Yiqun Gan","doi":"10.1177/18344909221089368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18344909221089368","url":null,"abstract":"A population-based, longitudinal study was conducted among 29 provinces in mainland China to investigate how public trust in physicians (PTP) changed since the outbreak of COVID-19 and how the resulting lockdown and social support contributed to its restoration. The baseline sample (n = 3,233) was obtained during the period of the most rapid progression of COVID-19 (February 1 to 9, 2020, T1). Follow-up (n = 1,380) took place during the recovery period (March 17 to 24, T2). Latent profile models and a latent transition model were estimated. Participants were classified into either a moderate trust (21% at T1; 45% transition into high at T2) or a high trust (79% at T1; 88% remained in the high group) group in the latent profile. A latent transition from moderate to high trust was observed in locked-down regions and among those with higher social support. Social support moderated the transition from low to high trust. The current study showed that the epidemic outbreak and lockdown experience in China were associated with increased PTP; furthermore, public trust can be restored during a public health emergency. Attention should be paid to assure that social support and risk management strategies maintain PTP.","PeriodicalId":45049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42020024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/18344909221113642
W. Yang, Shiyong Xu
Drawing on social learning theory, the authors hypothesized that leader humility would have an indirect effect on employee creativity through employees’ belief in the malleability of creativity (a growth creative mindset). They further hypothesized that this indirect effect would be particularly pronounced in research-and-development-related work teams. They tested these hypotheses in a survey study of 476 Chinese employees. The results support both hypotheses: employees’ perception of team leaders’ humility was positively related to employees’ growth creative mindset, which in turn was positively associated with employee creativity. In addition, this indirect effect was stronger in research-and-development-related teams than in other teams. This study provides a new explanation of the link between leader humility and employee creativity through a growth creative mindset. The practical implications are discussed.
{"title":"The indirect effect of leader humility on employee creativity through a growth mindset for creativity","authors":"W. Yang, Shiyong Xu","doi":"10.1177/18344909221113642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18344909221113642","url":null,"abstract":"Drawing on social learning theory, the authors hypothesized that leader humility would have an indirect effect on employee creativity through employees’ belief in the malleability of creativity (a growth creative mindset). They further hypothesized that this indirect effect would be particularly pronounced in research-and-development-related work teams. They tested these hypotheses in a survey study of 476 Chinese employees. The results support both hypotheses: employees’ perception of team leaders’ humility was positively related to employees’ growth creative mindset, which in turn was positively associated with employee creativity. In addition, this indirect effect was stronger in research-and-development-related teams than in other teams. This study provides a new explanation of the link between leader humility and employee creativity through a growth creative mindset. The practical implications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41243869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/18344909221142368
Ruixue Xia, Peiying Zhang, R. Liu, Junwei Xue, Huijing Zhu, Guaiguai Guo, Min Zhang, Yang Liu
The existing research has explored the effects of growth mindset intervention on individuals in Western culture. This study sought to determine whether growth mindset intervention has a positive impact on adolescents in economically disadvantaged areas of China. Participants in this study were 324 junior high school students who were randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group. The intervention group received six weeks of intervention classes designed to help students learn, internalize, and reinforce the concept of growth mindset. The aims of intervention were to build students’ beliefs that the brain is plastic and that individuals can change by their efforts and help students acquire the strategies to cope with the difficulties. The control group was given six classes on mental health, including time management, habit formation, and memory strategies, which were unrelated to growth mindset. All participants’ implicit theory of intelligence, fixed-trait attributions, grit, and state anxiety were assessed in the pre-test and post-test. The results showed that compared with the control group, the intervention group had a significant increase in growth mindset, the level of grit, and decrease in fixed-trait attributions. That is, for students in the intervention group, strengthening of growth mindset was accompanied by more frequent use of process-focused attribution styles, more perseverance, and greater efforts when faced with challenges and setbacks. Collectively, the results suggested that having a strong growth mindset of intelligence may help students adopt more proactive coping strategies and protect them from the deleterious effects of poverty on student development.
{"title":"The beneficial effect of growth mindset intervention for adolescents in economically disadvantaged areas of China","authors":"Ruixue Xia, Peiying Zhang, R. Liu, Junwei Xue, Huijing Zhu, Guaiguai Guo, Min Zhang, Yang Liu","doi":"10.1177/18344909221142368","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18344909221142368","url":null,"abstract":"The existing research has explored the effects of growth mindset intervention on individuals in Western culture. This study sought to determine whether growth mindset intervention has a positive impact on adolescents in economically disadvantaged areas of China. Participants in this study were 324 junior high school students who were randomly divided into the intervention group and the control group. The intervention group received six weeks of intervention classes designed to help students learn, internalize, and reinforce the concept of growth mindset. The aims of intervention were to build students’ beliefs that the brain is plastic and that individuals can change by their efforts and help students acquire the strategies to cope with the difficulties. The control group was given six classes on mental health, including time management, habit formation, and memory strategies, which were unrelated to growth mindset. All participants’ implicit theory of intelligence, fixed-trait attributions, grit, and state anxiety were assessed in the pre-test and post-test. The results showed that compared with the control group, the intervention group had a significant increase in growth mindset, the level of grit, and decrease in fixed-trait attributions. That is, for students in the intervention group, strengthening of growth mindset was accompanied by more frequent use of process-focused attribution styles, more perseverance, and greater efforts when faced with challenges and setbacks. Collectively, the results suggested that having a strong growth mindset of intelligence may help students adopt more proactive coping strategies and protect them from the deleterious effects of poverty on student development.","PeriodicalId":45049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48399714","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/18344909221139325
Xiaowei Geng, Meng Li, Feng Zhang, Wenjing Li, Dan Liu
To examine the impact of environmental uncertainty on individuals’ intertemporal choices and the moderating effect of implicit personality theory, two studies were conducted. Study 1 investigated the moderating role of implicit personality theory in the influence of environmental uncertainty on intertemporal choice using questionnaires. Study 2 examined whether priming incremental personality theory could change entity theorists’ intertemporal preference in an uncertain environment. The results showed that implicit personality theory plays a moderating role in the influence of environmental uncertainty on intertemporal choice. For entity theorists, the delay discounting rate was positively correlated with environmental uncertainty. In contrast, for incremental theorists, the delay discounting rate was not significantly correlated with environmental uncertainty. After priming incremental personality theory, entity theorists’ delay discounting decreased significantly. Thus, we conclude that incremental personality theory buffers the effect of environmental uncertainty on intertemporal choice.
{"title":"Incremental theory of personality attenuates the effect of environmental uncertainty on intertemporal choices","authors":"Xiaowei Geng, Meng Li, Feng Zhang, Wenjing Li, Dan Liu","doi":"10.1177/18344909221139325","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18344909221139325","url":null,"abstract":"To examine the impact of environmental uncertainty on individuals’ intertemporal choices and the moderating effect of implicit personality theory, two studies were conducted. Study 1 investigated the moderating role of implicit personality theory in the influence of environmental uncertainty on intertemporal choice using questionnaires. Study 2 examined whether priming incremental personality theory could change entity theorists’ intertemporal preference in an uncertain environment. The results showed that implicit personality theory plays a moderating role in the influence of environmental uncertainty on intertemporal choice. For entity theorists, the delay discounting rate was positively correlated with environmental uncertainty. In contrast, for incremental theorists, the delay discounting rate was not significantly correlated with environmental uncertainty. After priming incremental personality theory, entity theorists’ delay discounting decreased significantly. Thus, we conclude that incremental personality theory buffers the effect of environmental uncertainty on intertemporal choice.","PeriodicalId":45049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41977260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/18344909221146236
Di Liu, Yi Jiang, F. Wu, Xiangdong Yang, Ruirui Huang
In the learning environment, both teachers and peers are influential social agents. In the present study, we differentiated between positive and negative aspects of teacher and peer relationships and examined how they predict adolescent students’ academic interest and self-concept, which in turn lead to different levels of academic achievement and subjective well-being at school. Additionally, we explored whether father absence moderated these predictive relationships. Results based on a group of 4274 Chinese middle school students revealed that positive social relationships were more closely related to interest, self-concept, and well-being than negative ones. The predictive paths from teacher relationships to motivation and achievement were stronger than those from peer relationships. However, peers played a prominent role in helping students with absent fathers build a positive self-concept, which led to improved achievement.
{"title":"Distinct roles of perceived teacher and peer relationships in adolescent students’ academic motivation and outcomes: Father absence as a moderator","authors":"Di Liu, Yi Jiang, F. Wu, Xiangdong Yang, Ruirui Huang","doi":"10.1177/18344909221146236","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18344909221146236","url":null,"abstract":"In the learning environment, both teachers and peers are influential social agents. In the present study, we differentiated between positive and negative aspects of teacher and peer relationships and examined how they predict adolescent students’ academic interest and self-concept, which in turn lead to different levels of academic achievement and subjective well-being at school. Additionally, we explored whether father absence moderated these predictive relationships. Results based on a group of 4274 Chinese middle school students revealed that positive social relationships were more closely related to interest, self-concept, and well-being than negative ones. The predictive paths from teacher relationships to motivation and achievement were stronger than those from peer relationships. However, peers played a prominent role in helping students with absent fathers build a positive self-concept, which led to improved achievement.","PeriodicalId":45049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46211765","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-01DOI: 10.1177/18344909221122573
Wojciech Kulesza, D. Doliński, Paweł Muniak, T. Grzyb, A. Rizulla
Unrealistic Optimism in the context of COVID-19 is described as the tendency to perceive peers as being more at risk of infection. To date, however, no research has proposed more specific comparisons. The present article not only replicates the most recent body of literature showing that people perceive themselves as less prone to COVID-19 infection than their peers, but fills the aforementioned gap by providing additional and more specific comparisons between those vaccinated and unvaccinated against COVID-19. Such comparisons may be crucial to curb the possibility of resurgence of COVID-19 by assessing how unvaccinated individuals perceive the probability of being infected by coronavirus. Some 622 Prolific—(un)vaccinated against COVID-19—users participated in an online quasi-experiment. Participants estimated the risk of COVID-19 infection for themselves, their peers or the average (un)vaccinated peer, which is a new addition to the literature. Results showed that there was an unrealistic optimism effect. Participants estimated their risk for infection as lower in comparison to others. Surprisingly, results showed that for unvaccinated people, vaccines seem to be an effective tool to reduce the risk of infection, but not for themselves.
{"title":"COVID-19 and a biased public mentality toward infection and vaccination: A case of unrealistic optimism and social comparisons between the vaccinated and unvaccinated","authors":"Wojciech Kulesza, D. Doliński, Paweł Muniak, T. Grzyb, A. Rizulla","doi":"10.1177/18344909221122573","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/18344909221122573","url":null,"abstract":"Unrealistic Optimism in the context of COVID-19 is described as the tendency to perceive peers as being more at risk of infection. To date, however, no research has proposed more specific comparisons. The present article not only replicates the most recent body of literature showing that people perceive themselves as less prone to COVID-19 infection than their peers, but fills the aforementioned gap by providing additional and more specific comparisons between those vaccinated and unvaccinated against COVID-19. Such comparisons may be crucial to curb the possibility of resurgence of COVID-19 by assessing how unvaccinated individuals perceive the probability of being infected by coronavirus. Some 622 Prolific—(un)vaccinated against COVID-19—users participated in an online quasi-experiment. Participants estimated the risk of COVID-19 infection for themselves, their peers or the average (un)vaccinated peer, which is a new addition to the literature. Results showed that there was an unrealistic optimism effect. Participants estimated their risk for infection as lower in comparison to others. Surprisingly, results showed that for unvaccinated people, vaccines seem to be an effective tool to reduce the risk of infection, but not for themselves.","PeriodicalId":45049,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42000960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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