Previous literature suggested that promoting childhood health could have intergenerational benefits. While several studies have pointed to the life-cycle benefits of mass vaccinations and disease eliminations, fewer studies have explored their long-run intergenerational aspects. This paper joins the ongoing literature by exploring the intergenerational health benefits of mothers’ childhood exposure to the measles vaccination for their infants’ birth outcomes. Our identification strategy takes advantage of cross-cohort exposure to the introduction of the measles vaccine in 1963 and cross-state variations in pre-vaccine measles rates. Using the universe of birth records in the US over the years 1970-2004, we show that mothers who were exposed to the measles vaccine reveal improved birth outcomes. For mothers in states with an average pre-vaccine measles rate, full exposure to the vaccine during childhood is associated with roughly 12 grams of additional birth weight and a 5 percent reduction in the incidence of low-birth-weight newborns. A series of event-study analyses suggest that these findings are not driven by preexisting trends in outcomes. Moreover, the effects are considerably larger among black mothers and low-educated mothers. Further analyses suggest that improvements in education and increases in prenatal care utilization are potential mechanism channels.
{"title":"Intergenerational Benefits of Childhood Health Intervention: Evidence from Measles Vaccination","authors":"H. Noghanibehambari","doi":"10.1086/726121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/726121","url":null,"abstract":"Previous literature suggested that promoting childhood health could have intergenerational benefits. While several studies have pointed to the life-cycle benefits of mass vaccinations and disease eliminations, fewer studies have explored their long-run intergenerational aspects. This paper joins the ongoing literature by exploring the intergenerational health benefits of mothers’ childhood exposure to the measles vaccination for their infants’ birth outcomes. Our identification strategy takes advantage of cross-cohort exposure to the introduction of the measles vaccine in 1963 and cross-state variations in pre-vaccine measles rates. Using the universe of birth records in the US over the years 1970-2004, we show that mothers who were exposed to the measles vaccine reveal improved birth outcomes. For mothers in states with an average pre-vaccine measles rate, full exposure to the vaccine during childhood is associated with roughly 12 grams of additional birth weight and a 5 percent reduction in the incidence of low-birth-weight newborns. A series of event-study analyses suggest that these findings are not driven by preexisting trends in outcomes. Moreover, the effects are considerably larger among black mothers and low-educated mothers. Further analyses suggest that improvements in education and increases in prenatal care utilization are potential mechanism channels.","PeriodicalId":45056,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44336472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
I provide quasi-experimental evidence on the effect of WIC on birth outcomes using policy variation created by adjunctive eligibility, which allows expansions in Medicaid or SNAP eligibility to affect WIC eligibility. I employ the ‘Difference in differences’ estimation strategy to identify the effects of WIC and Medicaid separately. The results show that a one percentage point increase in WIC eligibility increases average birth weight by 0.495g, which corresponds to an estimated treatment on the treated effect of 23.6g. WIC also reduces the incidence of Small for Gestational Age (SGA) by 0.021 percentage points which corresponds to a treatment on the treated effect of 10.4%. For Medicaid, a one percentage point increase in Medicaid eligibility reduces the incidence of very low birth weight by 0.002 percentage points and preterm birth by 0.015 percentage points. I find little evidence that there is a strong causal link between WIC and low birth weight or preterm birth; however, most literature on WIC found a positive causation. JEL codes: H51, I10, I13, I18
{"title":"Increased WIC Eligibility and Birth Outcomes","authors":"Hyunkyu Ko","doi":"10.1086/726122","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/726122","url":null,"abstract":"I provide quasi-experimental evidence on the effect of WIC on birth outcomes using policy variation created by adjunctive eligibility, which allows expansions in Medicaid or SNAP eligibility to affect WIC eligibility. I employ the ‘Difference in differences’ estimation strategy to identify the effects of WIC and Medicaid separately. The results show that a one percentage point increase in WIC eligibility increases average birth weight by 0.495g, which corresponds to an estimated treatment on the treated effect of 23.6g. WIC also reduces the incidence of Small for Gestational Age (SGA) by 0.021 percentage points which corresponds to a treatment on the treated effect of 10.4%. For Medicaid, a one percentage point increase in Medicaid eligibility reduces the incidence of very low birth weight by 0.002 percentage points and preterm birth by 0.015 percentage points. I find little evidence that there is a strong causal link between WIC and low birth weight or preterm birth; however, most literature on WIC found a positive causation. JEL codes: H51, I10, I13, I18","PeriodicalId":45056,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43915853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"How Benchmarks Affect Participation in Accountable Care Organizations: Prospects for Voluntary Payment Models","authors":"Alice Chen, M. McWilliams","doi":"10.1086/726748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/726748","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45056,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41519318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Early Opioid Epidemic and Medicaid: Is Prescription Access to Blame?","authors":"J. Anders","doi":"10.1086/726534","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/726534","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45056,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45981240","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Do Integrated Care Models for Dual Medicare-Medicaid Enrollees Work? Evidence from Massachusetts’ One Care Financial Alignment Initiative Demonstration","authors":"Kyle J. Caswell, T. Waidmann, Keqin Wei, L. Smith","doi":"10.1086/726268","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/726268","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45056,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45674507","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Effects of Access to Medicaid on the Employment and Academic Progress of College Students","authors":"Priyanka Anand, Dora Gicheva","doi":"10.1086/726000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/726000","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45056,"journal":{"name":"American Journal of Health Economics","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7,"publicationDate":"2023-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42415387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"经济学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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