Pub Date : 2022-11-30DOI: 10.1177/14780771221143493
Seyed Hossein Zargar, Jaleh Sadeghi, Nathan C. Brown
Agent-based modelling (ABM) is a complex problem-solving approach that can be employed in early-stage parametric design, and certain design applications may benefit from such a bottom-up strategy. This research investigates the potential of ABM for structural design optimization. A case study of a form-found cantilevered truss is presented that has a doubly curved shape over a regular grid, resulting in individual members with different lengths across the structure. It is hypothesized that an agent-based approach might generate an irregular grid of similar or better structural performance, but with more uniform length of individual elements. This approach could be useful when designing a global structural form from a kit of parts or adaptively reusing a disassembled existing structure with regular member lengths. A series of ABM simulations are conducted with different hyperparameters, and the generated designs are compared to the original form-found shape in terms of structural performance.
{"title":"Agent-based modelling for early-stage optimization of spatial structures","authors":"Seyed Hossein Zargar, Jaleh Sadeghi, Nathan C. Brown","doi":"10.1177/14780771221143493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14780771221143493","url":null,"abstract":"Agent-based modelling (ABM) is a complex problem-solving approach that can be employed in early-stage parametric design, and certain design applications may benefit from such a bottom-up strategy. This research investigates the potential of ABM for structural design optimization. A case study of a form-found cantilevered truss is presented that has a doubly curved shape over a regular grid, resulting in individual members with different lengths across the structure. It is hypothesized that an agent-based approach might generate an irregular grid of similar or better structural performance, but with more uniform length of individual elements. This approach could be useful when designing a global structural form from a kit of parts or adaptively reusing a disassembled existing structure with regular member lengths. A series of ABM simulations are conducted with different hyperparameters, and the generated designs are compared to the original form-found shape in terms of structural performance.","PeriodicalId":45139,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Computing","volume":"21 1","pages":"84 - 99"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42107420","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-13DOI: 10.1177/14780771221138954
Igor Lacroix, Orkan Zeynel Güzelci, Gonçalo Furtado Lopes, J. P. Sousa
In Portugal, in the 1960s and 1970s, there was research concerning a system of the architectural design of housing for economically less favored populations, which related sociological information with analogical computational methods and culminated with its application in the Local Ambulatory Support Service (SAAL). This article presents the digitization process of these methods for the development of an architectural design system for social housing. The main goal is to improve methodological procedures for the original research and, specifically, to adapt them to computational design and modeling processes. To this end, this research transposed the aforementioned methodology into an algorithmic model that matches sociological information acquired from an online form with a database of social housing floor plan images to generate a building information modeling (BIM) directly from the selected image source. The result is an algorithmic model informed by sociological data linked with a BIM model to enable further rationalization of architectural design.
{"title":"Connecting the Portuguese system of evolutive housing with building information modeling: From analogical to digital methods","authors":"Igor Lacroix, Orkan Zeynel Güzelci, Gonçalo Furtado Lopes, J. P. Sousa","doi":"10.1177/14780771221138954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14780771221138954","url":null,"abstract":"In Portugal, in the 1960s and 1970s, there was research concerning a system of the architectural design of housing for economically less favored populations, which related sociological information with analogical computational methods and culminated with its application in the Local Ambulatory Support Service (SAAL). This article presents the digitization process of these methods for the development of an architectural design system for social housing. The main goal is to improve methodological procedures for the original research and, specifically, to adapt them to computational design and modeling processes. To this end, this research transposed the aforementioned methodology into an algorithmic model that matches sociological information acquired from an online form with a database of social housing floor plan images to generate a building information modeling (BIM) directly from the selected image source. The result is an algorithmic model informed by sociological data linked with a BIM model to enable further rationalization of architectural design.","PeriodicalId":45139,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Computing","volume":"20 1","pages":"801 - 816"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49463126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-13DOI: 10.1177/14780771221137935
I. Symeonidou, R. Weissenböck, Alexandros Efstathiadis
The paper expands on the potential of using Augmented Reality (AR) for the design and customization of bridges. Following a literature review on the use of AR in architectural design, and in particular in design education, the authors discuss educational experiences gained in two digital design studios. These two courses were taught remotely at the University of Thessaly and the Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences and cross-informed each other. The teaching experiences of the authors were evaluated and subsequently used to develop the curriculum of “Augmented Bridges”, an experimental AR design studio. The aim of the paper is to present current research in AR and the interactive design process of site-specific bridges, using digital and augmented media. The studio results offered valuable insight into the educational and creative value of AR technologies in architecture.
{"title":"Augmented Bridges: Investigating the potential of augmented reality for the design of configurable bridges","authors":"I. Symeonidou, R. Weissenböck, Alexandros Efstathiadis","doi":"10.1177/14780771221137935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14780771221137935","url":null,"abstract":"The paper expands on the potential of using Augmented Reality (AR) for the design and customization of bridges. Following a literature review on the use of AR in architectural design, and in particular in design education, the authors discuss educational experiences gained in two digital design studios. These two courses were taught remotely at the University of Thessaly and the Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences and cross-informed each other. The teaching experiences of the authors were evaluated and subsequently used to develop the curriculum of “Augmented Bridges”, an experimental AR design studio. The aim of the paper is to present current research in AR and the interactive design process of site-specific bridges, using digital and augmented media. The studio results offered valuable insight into the educational and creative value of AR technologies in architecture.","PeriodicalId":45139,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Computing","volume":"20 1","pages":"742 - 757"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46104516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-11DOI: 10.1177/14780771221139911
Dhanashree Sardeshpande, V. Gokhale
In a problem-based, digital-intensive learning environment, the increased proliferation of computational tools used for architectural design has led to a fundamental transformation in architectural studios. Many studies have shown that this has significantly led to the change in cognition of design environments in academia. Design decisions are made through a recursive process that is cyclically refined by allowing constant feedback and testing. This paper represents an observational study with an aim to understand the impact of digital mediums on design processes and design outcomes focusing on associative modeling using VPL. It contextualizes the difference, the associative modeling system as a parametric subset brings to design thinking when used as a medium to explore architectural design. It analyzes specific attributes of associative modeling, otherwise native to computational thinking, that contribute to the legibility of the design process. The paper demonstrates how associative modeling allows the design process to be examined and edited at any stage during and even after algorithmic development, bringing in flexibility. It is argued that digital design tool affordances enable students to develop multilayered and more structured design logic that augments cognition bringing more legibility to the design thinking process.
{"title":"“Legibility” a product of obligatory processes in parametric architectural design: A study of implications of associative modeling on design thinking in a parametric architectural design studio","authors":"Dhanashree Sardeshpande, V. Gokhale","doi":"10.1177/14780771221139911","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14780771221139911","url":null,"abstract":"In a problem-based, digital-intensive learning environment, the increased proliferation of computational tools used for architectural design has led to a fundamental transformation in architectural studios. Many studies have shown that this has significantly led to the change in cognition of design environments in academia. Design decisions are made through a recursive process that is cyclically refined by allowing constant feedback and testing. This paper represents an observational study with an aim to understand the impact of digital mediums on design processes and design outcomes focusing on associative modeling using VPL. It contextualizes the difference, the associative modeling system as a parametric subset brings to design thinking when used as a medium to explore architectural design. It analyzes specific attributes of associative modeling, otherwise native to computational thinking, that contribute to the legibility of the design process. The paper demonstrates how associative modeling allows the design process to be examined and edited at any stage during and even after algorithmic development, bringing in flexibility. It is argued that digital design tool affordances enable students to develop multilayered and more structured design logic that augments cognition bringing more legibility to the design thinking process.","PeriodicalId":45139,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Computing","volume":"20 1","pages":"728 - 741"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42717329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-11-04DOI: 10.1177/14780771221138320
Sophia S. Pibal, Konstantin Khoss, I. Kovacic
The digital transformation of the construction industry and the lack of integration of digital technologies in design and construction processes are the motivation for this research. BIM solutions enable new levels of design processes and provide platforms for computational design and novel approaches in the AEC industry. In computational design parametric, generative or algorithmic procedures are utilized to support, optimize, or replace manual processes. The combination of BIM and generative, parametric or algorithmic design forms a hybrid that aims to combine the advantages of both concepts and allows for generative design processes with the creation of BIM objects containing metadata. Along with the digital transformation and novel approaches in the AEC industry, modular construction aims to shift from mass production to mass customization and maximize opportunities for cost-effective, economical, and sustainable buildings. This paper addresses the approach of generating building information models using algorithm-aided design combined with BIM at an early design stage for modular multi-story residential buildings that are affordable and sustainable. In this study, we present the framework of an algorithm-aided BIM approach, from the concept of the generative algorithm to the evaluation approach and the proof of concept as the test of the framework.
{"title":"Framework of an algorithm-aided BIM approach for modular residential building information models","authors":"Sophia S. Pibal, Konstantin Khoss, I. Kovacic","doi":"10.1177/14780771221138320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14780771221138320","url":null,"abstract":"The digital transformation of the construction industry and the lack of integration of digital technologies in design and construction processes are the motivation for this research. BIM solutions enable new levels of design processes and provide platforms for computational design and novel approaches in the AEC industry. In computational design parametric, generative or algorithmic procedures are utilized to support, optimize, or replace manual processes. The combination of BIM and generative, parametric or algorithmic design forms a hybrid that aims to combine the advantages of both concepts and allows for generative design processes with the creation of BIM objects containing metadata. Along with the digital transformation and novel approaches in the AEC industry, modular construction aims to shift from mass production to mass customization and maximize opportunities for cost-effective, economical, and sustainable buildings. This paper addresses the approach of generating building information models using algorithm-aided design combined with BIM at an early design stage for modular multi-story residential buildings that are affordable and sustainable. In this study, we present the framework of an algorithm-aided BIM approach, from the concept of the generative algorithm to the evaluation approach and the proof of concept as the test of the framework.","PeriodicalId":45139,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Computing","volume":"20 1","pages":"777 - 800"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-11-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46458024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-30DOI: 10.1177/14780771221135003
Luis Orozco, Anna Krtschil, Lior Skoury, J. Knippers, A. Menges
The arrangement of columns and their spacing in multi-story timber construction is restricted to rectangular grids by the production and shipping sizes of floor assemblies. This is particularly true for hollow box floor systems, for which the punctual supports must be placed at the reinforced edges of the hollow boxes. The arrangement of the columns and their spacing is thereby restricted by the production and shipping sizes of the box ceilings to rectangular grids. To overcome these design limits a new wooden box building system is developed that allows for irregular column layouts through a tailored slab interior design. This development allows for the increased applicability of timber floor systems regardless of site shape or architectural design intent. The slab interior design is dependent on occurring forces and fabrication requirements. Three methods for the internal slab layout are developed and compared: a sequential method, a structurally informed agent-based method, and a geometrically informed agent-based method that uses both a sequential and agent-based approach. The structural performance of each method is compared through the analysis of three reinforcement layouts an architectural testing setup.
{"title":"Arrangement of reinforcement in variable density timber slab systems for multi-story construction","authors":"Luis Orozco, Anna Krtschil, Lior Skoury, J. Knippers, A. Menges","doi":"10.1177/14780771221135003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14780771221135003","url":null,"abstract":"The arrangement of columns and their spacing in multi-story timber construction is restricted to rectangular grids by the production and shipping sizes of floor assemblies. This is particularly true for hollow box floor systems, for which the punctual supports must be placed at the reinforced edges of the hollow boxes. The arrangement of the columns and their spacing is thereby restricted by the production and shipping sizes of the box ceilings to rectangular grids. To overcome these design limits a new wooden box building system is developed that allows for irregular column layouts through a tailored slab interior design. This development allows for the increased applicability of timber floor systems regardless of site shape or architectural design intent. The slab interior design is dependent on occurring forces and fabrication requirements. Three methods for the internal slab layout are developed and compared: a sequential method, a structurally informed agent-based method, and a geometrically informed agent-based method that uses both a sequential and agent-based approach. The structural performance of each method is compared through the analysis of three reinforcement layouts an architectural testing setup.","PeriodicalId":45139,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Computing","volume":"20 1","pages":"707 - 727"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48896287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-21DOI: 10.1177/14780771221134958
Likai Wang
The role of using performance-based design optimization in early-stage architectural design to prevent poorly designed buildings has been increasingly recognized by researchers and designers. Recently, a large amount of research has been made focusing on technical advancement, which, however, also reflects the limited research on how this technique can be applied to the design process and how it can aid designers when confronting ill-defined design problems. In this regard, this paper centers on the design approaches assisted by using performance-based design optimization. The paper proposes two optimization-aided design approaches that were identified in the previous applications of a design tool, called EvoMass, and showcases these approaches in case-study designs. The case studies demonstrate how the use of performance-based design optimization can facilitate designers’ reflection and exploration. With the demonstration of the design approaches, we discuss the utility of performance-based design optimization in assisting architects in the early design stages.
{"title":"Optimization-aided design: two approaches for reflective exploration of design search space","authors":"Likai Wang","doi":"10.1177/14780771221134958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14780771221134958","url":null,"abstract":"The role of using performance-based design optimization in early-stage architectural design to prevent poorly designed buildings has been increasingly recognized by researchers and designers. Recently, a large amount of research has been made focusing on technical advancement, which, however, also reflects the limited research on how this technique can be applied to the design process and how it can aid designers when confronting ill-defined design problems. In this regard, this paper centers on the design approaches assisted by using performance-based design optimization. The paper proposes two optimization-aided design approaches that were identified in the previous applications of a design tool, called EvoMass, and showcases these approaches in case-study designs. The case studies demonstrate how the use of performance-based design optimization can facilitate designers’ reflection and exploration. With the demonstration of the design approaches, we discuss the utility of performance-based design optimization in assisting architects in the early design stages.","PeriodicalId":45139,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Computing","volume":"20 1","pages":"758 - 776"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42164105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-18DOI: 10.1177/14780771221135026
Lukas Gosch, Julian Jauk, H. Vašatko, E. Šamec, Matteo Raffaelli, S. Rutzinger, M. Stavrić
This research was carried out to develop a novel composite material consisting of a thread reinforcement and a clay matrix, as well as to develop a method of shaping this material into hollow spatial structures. Ceramic elements in the building industry are currently created by applying extruding, pressing and casting methods. The approach of spraying clay onto predefined knitted meshes increases the usability of digitally fabricated lightweight ceramic elements, while eliminating the need for scaffolding. In this approach, multiple layers of a fluid clay mass are sprayed onto the tensioned mesh using an industrial, six-axis robotic arm. This allows the precise application of the material and results in varying material thicknesses. Due to the complementary qualities of clay which absorbs compressive forces and threads which absorb tensile forces, lightweight structures can be created. The research involved experimenting with clay mixtures, several thread types, knitting methods and spraying techniques, as well as fabricating a 1:1 lightweight module as an architectural prototype.
{"title":"Fabricating lightweight ceramics by spraying clay on knitted structures","authors":"Lukas Gosch, Julian Jauk, H. Vašatko, E. Šamec, Matteo Raffaelli, S. Rutzinger, M. Stavrić","doi":"10.1177/14780771221135026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14780771221135026","url":null,"abstract":"This research was carried out to develop a novel composite material consisting of a thread reinforcement and a clay matrix, as well as to develop a method of shaping this material into hollow spatial structures. Ceramic elements in the building industry are currently created by applying extruding, pressing and casting methods. The approach of spraying clay onto predefined knitted meshes increases the usability of digitally fabricated lightweight ceramic elements, while eliminating the need for scaffolding. In this approach, multiple layers of a fluid clay mass are sprayed onto the tensioned mesh using an industrial, six-axis robotic arm. This allows the precise application of the material and results in varying material thicknesses. Due to the complementary qualities of clay which absorbs compressive forces and threads which absorb tensile forces, lightweight structures can be created. The research involved experimenting with clay mixtures, several thread types, knitting methods and spraying techniques, as well as fabricating a 1:1 lightweight module as an architectural prototype.","PeriodicalId":45139,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Computing","volume":"20 1","pages":"693 - 706"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44328197","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-09-27DOI: 10.1177/14780771221124698
Sara Dotta Correa, Carlos Eduardo Verzola Vaz
This work presents the second stage of a larger study which conducted the elaboration of a shape grammar based on the analysis of the remaining fishing villages in the Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil. The architectural and formal structure of the villages provide a perspective of the constructive methods and features embedded in the spatial arrangements and represent a local cultural heritage site. The aim of the present work relies on unraveling its spatial resources using a shape grammar approach, in order to contribute to the preservation of a distinct culture, and is intended to be used to safeguard its formal language planning. Also, through the analytical grammar, it would be possible to contribute in framing design guidelines regarding the remaining villages, to keep it steady on the traditional context, safeguarding its peculiar character. As such, the method in this body of work considered the analysis resulting from the first stage, in order to develop an analytical shape grammar using Garopaba village as a case of study. This stage involved the establishment of a formal language for the analytical grammar, consisting of initial form, vocabulary, families, and spatial relations, and thus, a series of rules emerged, decoding the composition arrangements. The results involved the verification of the considered parameters, confirming the existence of spatial patterns. Thus, it was possible to conclude that the grammar contributes to identifying the occupation process occupation and the spatial patterns which underlies an artisanal fishing village. Also, the grammar allowed the creation of urban compositions similar to the structure of traditional fishing communities in Santa Catarina, generating different discussions regarding the analytical approach towards fishing villages arrangements, compared to the examples studied, specifically, in Garopaba city.
{"title":"A shape grammar for the spontaneous occupation settled in fishing villages: The case of Garopaba, Brazil","authors":"Sara Dotta Correa, Carlos Eduardo Verzola Vaz","doi":"10.1177/14780771221124698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14780771221124698","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents the second stage of a larger study which conducted the elaboration of a shape grammar based on the analysis of the remaining fishing villages in the Santa Catarina State, Southern Brazil. The architectural and formal structure of the villages provide a perspective of the constructive methods and features embedded in the spatial arrangements and represent a local cultural heritage site. The aim of the present work relies on unraveling its spatial resources using a shape grammar approach, in order to contribute to the preservation of a distinct culture, and is intended to be used to safeguard its formal language planning. Also, through the analytical grammar, it would be possible to contribute in framing design guidelines regarding the remaining villages, to keep it steady on the traditional context, safeguarding its peculiar character. As such, the method in this body of work considered the analysis resulting from the first stage, in order to develop an analytical shape grammar using Garopaba village as a case of study. This stage involved the establishment of a formal language for the analytical grammar, consisting of initial form, vocabulary, families, and spatial relations, and thus, a series of rules emerged, decoding the composition arrangements. The results involved the verification of the considered parameters, confirming the existence of spatial patterns. Thus, it was possible to conclude that the grammar contributes to identifying the occupation process occupation and the spatial patterns which underlies an artisanal fishing village. Also, the grammar allowed the creation of urban compositions similar to the structure of traditional fishing communities in Santa Catarina, generating different discussions regarding the analytical approach towards fishing villages arrangements, compared to the examples studied, specifically, in Garopaba city.","PeriodicalId":45139,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Computing","volume":"21 1","pages":"158 - 187"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48682339","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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