Pub Date : 2024-01-09DOI: 10.1177/14780771231225701
Vinicius Mizobuti, Gabriela Lamanna Soares, Antonio Carlos Laraia Figueira de Mello, Diogo Matsui, Thais de Matos Ilkiw
Advances in computer-aided architectural design led to an increased interest in the field for cross-disciplinary creative collaborations. However, this process rarely accounts for the agents outside of the discipline’s intellectual framework, such as craftsmen, failing to include existing production capabilities in the digital transformation of the industry. To tackle this issue, we investigate an approach that implements encapsulated instruments as enablers of creative collaborations between computational designers and craftsmen. We evaluate this approach by designing three cement tile models, a traditional handmade construction element used in Brazil. The results demonstrate that encapsulated instruments expand the craft’s design space through creative decisions operated by the craftsman, and interviews with the tile makers elaborate on their perceived change in creative agency, identifying limitations when disrupting social roles and hierarchical relationships in craftsmanship. Results also raise opportunities for expanding this approach at other scales and systems, helping to democratize and distribute design knowledge.
{"title":"Encapsulating creative collaborations: A case study in the design of cement tiles","authors":"Vinicius Mizobuti, Gabriela Lamanna Soares, Antonio Carlos Laraia Figueira de Mello, Diogo Matsui, Thais de Matos Ilkiw","doi":"10.1177/14780771231225701","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14780771231225701","url":null,"abstract":"Advances in computer-aided architectural design led to an increased interest in the field for cross-disciplinary creative collaborations. However, this process rarely accounts for the agents outside of the discipline’s intellectual framework, such as craftsmen, failing to include existing production capabilities in the digital transformation of the industry. To tackle this issue, we investigate an approach that implements encapsulated instruments as enablers of creative collaborations between computational designers and craftsmen. We evaluate this approach by designing three cement tile models, a traditional handmade construction element used in Brazil. The results demonstrate that encapsulated instruments expand the craft’s design space through creative decisions operated by the craftsman, and interviews with the tile makers elaborate on their perceived change in creative agency, identifying limitations when disrupting social roles and hierarchical relationships in craftsmanship. Results also raise opportunities for expanding this approach at other scales and systems, helping to democratize and distribute design knowledge.","PeriodicalId":45139,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Computing","volume":"28 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139443580","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-04DOI: 10.1177/14780771231225700
Hamidreza Malekian
This article presents a design proposal for a socially engaging, architecturally dynamic, and adaptable pavilion that fosters interaction among individuals. The pavilion aims to bridge the gap between open and enclosed spaces in university campuses or other cultural settings, maximizing their vibrancy. To achieve this objective, the design incorporates principles of robotics and data-driven analysis to examine the mechanics, form, and modes of interaction of mobile elements, expressed through computer-coded language. The article delves into the design process and highlights key features of the pavilion, emphasizing its adaptability to variable conditions and its capacity to guide and facilitate people’s movements and interactions. Furthermore, it explores the potential of motion within architecture by utilizing mechanics and programmability inspired by the Rubik’s Cube system. The article also provides the technical design of all components and focuses on the Multipurpose Path Planning (MTP) approach as a guiding principle for the RO-BIK project.
{"title":"RO-BIK—A robotic approach to developing dynamic architecture","authors":"Hamidreza Malekian","doi":"10.1177/14780771231225700","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14780771231225700","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a design proposal for a socially engaging, architecturally dynamic, and adaptable pavilion that fosters interaction among individuals. The pavilion aims to bridge the gap between open and enclosed spaces in university campuses or other cultural settings, maximizing their vibrancy. To achieve this objective, the design incorporates principles of robotics and data-driven analysis to examine the mechanics, form, and modes of interaction of mobile elements, expressed through computer-coded language. The article delves into the design process and highlights key features of the pavilion, emphasizing its adaptability to variable conditions and its capacity to guide and facilitate people’s movements and interactions. Furthermore, it explores the potential of motion within architecture by utilizing mechanics and programmability inspired by the Rubik’s Cube system. The article also provides the technical design of all components and focuses on the Multipurpose Path Planning (MTP) approach as a guiding principle for the RO-BIK project.","PeriodicalId":45139,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Computing","volume":"48 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139384752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-03DOI: 10.1177/14780771231225697
Carlos Medel-Vera, Pelayo Vidal-Estévez, Thomas Mädler
This article discusses an application for classifying urban spaces using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). A seed dataset was initially generated composed of 630 photographs of urban spaces from the Adobe Stock repository. This dataset was topped up with images produced by two generative artificial intelligence (AI) engines, namely, Deep Dream Generator and Midjourney, making two additional augmented datasets, each composed of 2200 images. The training process was carried out using four well-known CNNs, namely, GoogLeNet, ResNet-18, ShuffleNet, and MobileNet-v2. The results show an increase of roughly 30% in the predicting capabilities in both augmented datasets when compared to the seed dataset. Furthermore, performance metrics are generally higher when using ResNet-18 which may suggest that this CNN architecture is more applicable to urban classification projects. Finally, although both generative AI engines have similar performance, Midjourney seems to slightly outperform Deep Dream Generator as a data augmentation engine for urban spaces.
{"title":"A convolutional neural network approach to classifying urban spaces using generative tools for data augmentation","authors":"Carlos Medel-Vera, Pelayo Vidal-Estévez, Thomas Mädler","doi":"10.1177/14780771231225697","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14780771231225697","url":null,"abstract":"This article discusses an application for classifying urban spaces using convolutional neural networks (CNNs). A seed dataset was initially generated composed of 630 photographs of urban spaces from the Adobe Stock repository. This dataset was topped up with images produced by two generative artificial intelligence (AI) engines, namely, Deep Dream Generator and Midjourney, making two additional augmented datasets, each composed of 2200 images. The training process was carried out using four well-known CNNs, namely, GoogLeNet, ResNet-18, ShuffleNet, and MobileNet-v2. The results show an increase of roughly 30% in the predicting capabilities in both augmented datasets when compared to the seed dataset. Furthermore, performance metrics are generally higher when using ResNet-18 which may suggest that this CNN architecture is more applicable to urban classification projects. Finally, although both generative AI engines have similar performance, Midjourney seems to slightly outperform Deep Dream Generator as a data augmentation engine for urban spaces.","PeriodicalId":45139,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Computing","volume":"40 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139389005","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-02DOI: 10.1177/14780771231225699
Muhammet ali Heyik, Derya Gülec Ozer, Francisco Javier Abarca-Álvarez, J. Romero-Martínez
This study introduces a collective cartography strategy for analyzing complex urban spaces. It was applied during a 7-day Erasmus + workshop with 46 participants from universities in Spain, Turkey, Portugal, and Poland, representing various backgrounds such as urban planning, architecture, heritage, information technologies, and tourism. The workshop's objective was to identify critical urban issues and generate sustainable and multisensory urban space concepts. The impact of this strategy, from co-sensing to co-ideation, was evaluated by its influence on collaboration and the development of self-generated tactics during the process. Within this context, we explored various group tactics, including multisensor data collection, multi-criteria-based analysis, crowdsourcing for site diagnosis, and distributed collaboration to enhance diverse perspectives and narratives. The findings, outputs, and reflections from participants indicate highly interactive, productive, and inclusive co-creation settings. These were facilitated through a web-based virtual collective space (Doyoucity) and a crowdsourcing mobile app for on-site data collection and analysis (Fulcrum).
{"title":"Reclaiming site analysis from co-sensing to co-ideation: A collective cartography strategy and tactical trajectories","authors":"Muhammet ali Heyik, Derya Gülec Ozer, Francisco Javier Abarca-Álvarez, J. Romero-Martínez","doi":"10.1177/14780771231225699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14780771231225699","url":null,"abstract":"This study introduces a collective cartography strategy for analyzing complex urban spaces. It was applied during a 7-day Erasmus + workshop with 46 participants from universities in Spain, Turkey, Portugal, and Poland, representing various backgrounds such as urban planning, architecture, heritage, information technologies, and tourism. The workshop's objective was to identify critical urban issues and generate sustainable and multisensory urban space concepts. The impact of this strategy, from co-sensing to co-ideation, was evaluated by its influence on collaboration and the development of self-generated tactics during the process. Within this context, we explored various group tactics, including multisensor data collection, multi-criteria-based analysis, crowdsourcing for site diagnosis, and distributed collaboration to enhance diverse perspectives and narratives. The findings, outputs, and reflections from participants indicate highly interactive, productive, and inclusive co-creation settings. These were facilitated through a web-based virtual collective space (Doyoucity) and a crowdsourcing mobile app for on-site data collection and analysis (Fulcrum).","PeriodicalId":45139,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Computing","volume":"105 48","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2024-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139391266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-14DOI: 10.1177/14780771231220900
João Paulo Vilela, Ricardo Lopes, Fernando Lima
Despite offering new possibilities for the education, interpretation, preservation, and management of cultural assets, virtual heritage still demands more consistent theoretical-practical debates. Under the scope of developing historical buildings' virtual models, the level of detail (LOD) is defined as a parameter that directly affects workflows, requiring time, investments, and specialized professionals. This work investigates how different LOD configurations influence the construction and interpretation of three-dimensional models of historic buildings. To this end, five 3D models with different LODs of a historic building in Brazil were set in an exploratory study that addressed users' perceptions when experimenting with them from a phenomenological perspective. The goal was to identify which elements and LOD configurations of the model were preponderant. The experiment was performed through an online workshop, where first-year architecture students could virtually experience the 3D models created, comparing them to a movie of the existing building. Participants were divided into five groups, one for each proposed LOD, and described their experiences through reports that were then analyzed, considering a list of themes emerging from their speeches. The findings underwent statistical analysis to understand how different themes and videos were linked. The experiment findings showed that (1) the 3D models with higher LODs led to more comprehensive comments on the architecture of the building and (2) elements such as the building's surroundings, the humanization of the scenery, and the temporal depth of the 3D models should be considered in the virtual reconstruction process.
{"title":"Interpreting a virtual reconstruction from different levels of detail: 3D modeling approaches combined with a phenomenological exploratory study","authors":"João Paulo Vilela, Ricardo Lopes, Fernando Lima","doi":"10.1177/14780771231220900","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14780771231220900","url":null,"abstract":"Despite offering new possibilities for the education, interpretation, preservation, and management of cultural assets, virtual heritage still demands more consistent theoretical-practical debates. Under the scope of developing historical buildings' virtual models, the level of detail (LOD) is defined as a parameter that directly affects workflows, requiring time, investments, and specialized professionals. This work investigates how different LOD configurations influence the construction and interpretation of three-dimensional models of historic buildings. To this end, five 3D models with different LODs of a historic building in Brazil were set in an exploratory study that addressed users' perceptions when experimenting with them from a phenomenological perspective. The goal was to identify which elements and LOD configurations of the model were preponderant. The experiment was performed through an online workshop, where first-year architecture students could virtually experience the 3D models created, comparing them to a movie of the existing building. Participants were divided into five groups, one for each proposed LOD, and described their experiences through reports that were then analyzed, considering a list of themes emerging from their speeches. The findings underwent statistical analysis to understand how different themes and videos were linked. The experiment findings showed that (1) the 3D models with higher LODs led to more comprehensive comments on the architecture of the building and (2) elements such as the building's surroundings, the humanization of the scenery, and the temporal depth of the 3D models should be considered in the virtual reconstruction process.","PeriodicalId":45139,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Computing","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138972613","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-01DOI: 10.1177/14780771231154485
Nicholas Rawlings, Dimitris Papanikolaou
The ability of architects to collaborate and work in parallel on digital assets is limited by pessimistic strategies for managing shared files. The software engineering community has worked around this problem by adopting optimistic version control techniques, which rely on the ability to diff, patch, and merge versions of the files they manage. Unfortunately, the diffing, patching, and merging algorithms in existing version control systems are designed to work with text, and not with the types of files, such as 3D models, most commonly used by architects. This paper presents a high-level design for a command line program capable of diffing, patching, and merging openNURBS models, an open source 3D model format that enjoys widespread use among architects and other designers. Key algorithms are illustrated through simple geometric examples, and future plans to integrate the program into an existing version control system are described.
{"title":"Towards optimistic version control in architecture: A high-level design for a program that implements diffing, patching, and merging for openNURBS 3D models","authors":"Nicholas Rawlings, Dimitris Papanikolaou","doi":"10.1177/14780771231154485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14780771231154485","url":null,"abstract":"The ability of architects to collaborate and work in parallel on digital assets is limited by pessimistic strategies for managing shared files. The software engineering community has worked around this problem by adopting optimistic version control techniques, which rely on the ability to diff, patch, and merge versions of the files they manage. Unfortunately, the diffing, patching, and merging algorithms in existing version control systems are designed to work with text, and not with the types of files, such as 3D models, most commonly used by architects. This paper presents a high-level design for a command line program capable of diffing, patching, and merging openNURBS models, an open source 3D model format that enjoys widespread use among architects and other designers. Key algorithms are illustrated through simple geometric examples, and future plans to integrate the program into an existing version control system are described.","PeriodicalId":45139,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Computing","volume":" 47","pages":"635 - 651"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138619337","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-23DOI: 10.1177/14780771231183176
Anahita Khodadadi
This article presents a generative design exploration methodology utilized to assist designers in problem structuring and decision-making in a multi-disciplinary setting. This novel design exploration methodology is based on the hybridization of a genetic algorithm (GA) and the Theory of Innovative Problem Solving (TRIZ). This methodology allows investigation of unexpected solutions, application of innovative ideas for resolving contradictory design objectives, and continuous interaction between designers and the search engine. In this study, the design case of a mid-rise apartment complex is used to examine the capacity of the proposed multi-agent design exploration method. Accordingly, both quality and numeric performance-based values of the design alternatives, including the visual appearance of the complex and apartments’ shadows over one another, structural and energy efficiency, and life-cycle impact of the building’s structural system, are investigated to demonstrate the usability and benefits of the developed method.
{"title":"A Generative Design Exploration Methodology for Integration of Structural, Environmental, and User Agencies in an Early Design Stage","authors":"Anahita Khodadadi","doi":"10.1177/14780771231183176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14780771231183176","url":null,"abstract":"This article presents a generative design exploration methodology utilized to assist designers in problem structuring and decision-making in a multi-disciplinary setting. This novel design exploration methodology is based on the hybridization of a genetic algorithm (GA) and the Theory of Innovative Problem Solving (TRIZ). This methodology allows investigation of unexpected solutions, application of innovative ideas for resolving contradictory design objectives, and continuous interaction between designers and the search engine. In this study, the design case of a mid-rise apartment complex is used to examine the capacity of the proposed multi-agent design exploration method. Accordingly, both quality and numeric performance-based values of the design alternatives, including the visual appearance of the complex and apartments’ shadows over one another, structural and energy efficiency, and life-cycle impact of the building’s structural system, are investigated to demonstrate the usability and benefits of the developed method.","PeriodicalId":45139,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Computing","volume":"46 1","pages":"757 - 780"},"PeriodicalIF":1.7,"publicationDate":"2023-11-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139245021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-02DOI: 10.1177/14780771231209457
Abdul Samet Engin, Ahmet Emre Dincer
The study examines kinetic façade design components and inputs through literature. Factors affecting the kinetic façade composition are generalized with a compositional perspective. Compositional framework elements are distinguished as morphological and system aspects. These aspects are assessed with widely known examples in the relational dimension to reveal interactions between components and inputs. The relational assessments provide a base to build a morphological evaluation via AHP-TOPSIS. The method is applied to a parametric model. The values from the calculation can represent the complexity/uniformity of design alternatives. The most remarkable points of the method are that it can be reconstructed contextually with various sets of components for distinct subjects and its integration ability to any evaluation method as an external approach.
{"title":"Morphological composition assessment of kinetic façade designs via AHP and TOPSIS methods based on façade components and design inputs","authors":"Abdul Samet Engin, Ahmet Emre Dincer","doi":"10.1177/14780771231209457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14780771231209457","url":null,"abstract":"The study examines kinetic façade design components and inputs through literature. Factors affecting the kinetic façade composition are generalized with a compositional perspective. Compositional framework elements are distinguished as morphological and system aspects. These aspects are assessed with widely known examples in the relational dimension to reveal interactions between components and inputs. The relational assessments provide a base to build a morphological evaluation via AHP-TOPSIS. The method is applied to a parametric model. The values from the calculation can represent the complexity/uniformity of design alternatives. The most remarkable points of the method are that it can be reconstructed contextually with various sets of components for distinct subjects and its integration ability to any evaluation method as an external approach.","PeriodicalId":45139,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Computing","volume":"29 S1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135875960","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1177/14780771231193105
Luigiemanuele Amabile
{"title":"Book Review: The architecture machine. The role of computers in architecture","authors":"Luigiemanuele Amabile","doi":"10.1177/14780771231193105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/14780771231193105","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45139,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Architectural Computing","volume":"425 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135327659","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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