Praxis Der Kinderpsychologie Und Kinderpsychiatrie最新文献

Substance Use Disorders and Personality Pathology in Adolescence Although the use of alcohol or illegal drugs is often considered a common developmental phenomenon of adolescence, some individuals develop clinically relevant forms of dependence or abuse. Substance use disorders often cause psychosocial stress, they have adverse consequences on physical health, reduce life expectancy and increase the risk of developing comorbid psychiatric disorders. Personality disorders represent a severe comorbid disorder for adults, but there is still a lack of data for adolescent age groups. The present study demonstrates our findings on the prevalence of personality pathology in young patients with substance use disorders in a psychiatric setting. Furthermore, we will discuss the relevance of traumatic childhood experiences in these adolescents. Our results show that adolescents with substance use disorders have higher levels of personality pathology than those with eating disorders, stress-related and somatoform disorders. Interestingly, these adolescents show the highest levels of physical abuse compared to patients with other psychiatric disorders. These findings emphasize the importance of comorbid personality disorders and trauma in adolescents with substance use disorders. Thus, disorder-specific treatments with a focus on personality disorders and trauma might be a good therapeutic option for this patient group.

Attachment as Part of Personality Structure: A Comparison of Self- and Parent-Reports in Adolescents Summarywith Personality Disorder, Depression, and Anorexia Nervosa The present study examines attachment deficits as part of the personality structure in adolescents with personality disorders, depression, and anorexia nervosa using the OPD-CA2 Structure Questionnaire. The aim was to analyze systematic differences between the diagnostic groups and differences between self- and parent-reports and to identify potential discrepancies. The results show remarkable deficits in the dimension attachment of the OPDCA- 2 axis structure across all examined groups while adolescents with AN showed significantly lower impairment. Significant differences between self- and parent-perceptions were observed in depressed adolescents. The study emphasizes the relevance of assessing attachment related to personality structure for diagnostics and treatment planning in adolescent psychotherapy.

Evaluation of the Effects of Systemic Further Training of an Interdisciplinary Team in an Open Adolescent Psychiatric Acute Ward Staff in inpatient adolescent acute psychiatry face major challenges including assaults, elopements and treatment drop-outs among the youths. In the care team, insufficiently reflected splitting processes, lack of learning culture, problem and deficit orientation as well as insufficient self-efficacy strategies lead to high turnover and low job satisfaction. Additionally, there is dissatisfaction among youth, parents and referrers. This study examined the work situation of employees in an open adolescent psychiatric acute ward and established new treatment routines, at the interface between organizational development and treatment quality. The aim of this study from an evaluation perspective was to test if interdisciplinary team training in systemic theories and techniques improves job satisfaction. This is a non-randomized intervention study with a pre-post design including a control group. Job satisfaction questionnaires were distributed before, 6 months and 5 years after the training. Semi-structured interviews supplemented information on what has proven useful in clinical practice. The training led to measurable team climate improvements and cooperation intensification. Information sharing and usefulness of team goals increased. Systemic handover discussions and adolescents' regular active case discussion participation led to greater transparency and an appreciative communication culture, benefitting both job satisfaction and treatment success.

Information and Support Needs of Separated Parents When parents separate, they have to overcome considerable emotional and organizational challenges, which can be unsettling and might raise many questions. An increased need for support can be assumed, especially in the case of ongoing conflicts or intimate partner violence. An online survey was carried out to investigate the specific questions that parents have following relationship dissolution and the extent to which parents affected by conflict and violence have specific (information) needs. 255 mothers and 104 fathers who had separated from the other parent in the last 5 years took part in the study. Of the participants, 51 % had completed or ongoing family court proceedings, 69 % reported ongoing conflict and 49 % reported partner violence. Overall, parents most frequently had questions about legal regulations, finding a care arrangement for their children, cooperating with the other parent, supporting their children in the separation process and adapting to the new living situation. Parents with ongoing conflicts were more often concerned with questions about how to deal with strong negative feelings, mistrust and the desire for distance. Parents who had been affected by intimate partner violence were more likely to have questions on ensuring safety for themselves and their children and dealing with the children's stress responses. The findings were taken into account in the development of the STARK online information platform and can be used to develop further needs-based support services.

Level of Personality Functioning in Adolescence: Psychological and Biological Aspects in the Context of Diagnosis and Therapy Adolescence is a crucial developmental phase in which identity, interpersonal relationships, and emotional regulation are further shaped and consolidated. These processes build upon early attachment experiences. At the same time, there is an increased vulnerability to personality disorders (PD), which are influenced by genetic and environmental factors such as abuse, neglect, and insecure attachment patterns. These factors can trigger neurobiological changes, including dysregulation of the stress and attachment system, contributing to the development of PD. This paper considers the level of personality functioning (LPF) as a central concept in the diagnosis and treatment of personality disorders. While traditional diagnostic systems (DSM-IV, ICD-10) have been criticized for their rigid categorization, recent approaches show a growing shift towards dimensional models. In DSM-5, categorical diagnosis for PD remains, complemented by the alternative dimensional model (AMPD) in the appendix. The ICD-11 has introduced a dimensional model for PD diagnosis for the first time. This allows for a more differentiated assessment of core psychological functions (identity, self-regulation, empathy, intimacy), leading to more precise diagnostics. A particular focus is placed on psychodynamic therapeutic approaches such as Transference-Focused Psychotherapy (TFP) and Mentalization-Based Therapy (MBT), which have proven to be particularly effective for young individuals with traumatic experiences. Studies indicate that these approaches positively influence psychological and neurobiological mechanisms. Future research on dimensional models, appropriate diagnostic tools, and therapeutic interventions is essential to identify impairments in LPF early, reduce stigma, and further develop personalized treatment strategies.