Pub Date : 2024-06-09DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.14.540679
Berta Eliad, Noa Schneider, Orna Ben-Naim Zgayer, Yarden Amichan, Fabian Glaser, Emily A Erdmann, Suba Rajendren, Heather A Hundley, Ayelet T Lamm
Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, catalyzed by ADAR enzymes, is a prevalent and conserved RNA modification. While A-to-I RNA editing is essential in mammals, in Caenorhabditis elegans , it is not, making them invaluable for RNA editing research. In C. elegans , ADR-2 is the sole catalytic A-to-I editing enzyme, and ADR-1 is an RNA editing regulator. ADAR localization is well-studied in humans but not well-established in C. elegans . In this study, we examine the cellular and tissue-specific localization of ADR-2. We show that while ADR-2 is present in most cells in the embryo, at later developmental stages, its expression is both tissue- and cell-type-specific. Additionally, both ADARs are mainly in the nucleus. ADR-2 is adjacent to the chromosomes during the cell cycle. We show that the nuclear localization of endogenous ADR-2 depends on ADBP-1, not ADR-1. In adbp-1 mutant worms, ADR-2 is mislocalized, while ADR-1 is not, leading to decreased editing levels and de-novo editing, mostly in exons, suggesting that ADR-2 is also functional in the cytoplasm. Besides, mutated ADBP-1 affects gene expression. Furthermore, we show that ADR-2 targets adenosines with different surrounding nucleotides in exons and introns. Our findings indicate that ADR-2 cellular localization is highly regulated and affects its function.
由 ADAR 酶催化的腺苷酸转肌苷酸（A-to-I）RNA 编辑是一种普遍和保守的 RNA 修饰。在哺乳动物中，A-I RNA 编辑是必不可少的，但在 elegans（秀丽隐杆线虫）中却不是，这使得它们在 RNA 编辑研究中变得非常宝贵。在秀丽隐杆线虫中，ADR-2 是唯一的 A 对 I 编辑催化酶，而 ADR-1 则是 RNA 编辑调节器。ADAR 的定位在人类中研究得很清楚，但在 elegans 中还没有得到很好的证实。在这项研究中，我们考察了 ADR-2 的细胞和组织特异性定位。我们发现，虽然 ADR-2 存在于胚胎的大多数细胞中，但在后期发育阶段，它的表达具有组织和细胞类型特异性。此外，这两种 ADAR 都主要存在于细胞核中。ADR-2 在细胞周期中与染色体相邻。我们的研究表明，内源性 ADR-2 的核定位依赖于 ADBP-1，而不是 ADR-1。在adbp-1突变体蠕虫中，ADR-2被错误定位，而ADR-1则没有，这导致编辑水平下降和重新编辑，主要是在外显子中，这表明ADR-2在细胞质中也有功能。此外，突变的 ADBP-1 会影响基因表达。此外，我们还发现 ADR-2 以外显子和内含子中具有不同周围核苷酸的腺苷酸为靶标。我们的研究结果表明，ADR-2 的细胞定位受到高度调控并影响其功能。
{"title":"ADBP-1 regulates ADR-2 nuclear localization to control editing substrate selection.","authors":"Berta Eliad, Noa Schneider, Orna Ben-Naim Zgayer, Yarden Amichan, Fabian Glaser, Emily A Erdmann, Suba Rajendren, Heather A Hundley, Ayelet T Lamm","doi":"10.1101/2023.05.14.540679","DOIUrl":"10.1101/2023.05.14.540679","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing, catalyzed by ADAR enzymes, is a prevalent and conserved RNA modification. While A-to-I RNA editing is essential in mammals, in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> , it is not, making them invaluable for RNA editing research. In <i>C. elegans</i> , ADR-2 is the sole catalytic A-to-I editing enzyme, and ADR-1 is an RNA editing regulator. ADAR localization is well-studied in humans but not well-established in <i>C. elegans</i> . In this study, we examine the cellular and tissue-specific localization of ADR-2. We show that while ADR-2 is present in most cells in the embryo, at later developmental stages, its expression is both tissue- and cell-type-specific. Additionally, both ADARs are mainly in the nucleus. ADR-2 is adjacent to the chromosomes during the cell cycle. We show that the nuclear localization of endogenous ADR-2 depends on ADBP-1, not ADR-1. In <i>adbp-1</i> mutant worms, ADR-2 is mislocalized, while ADR-1 is not, leading to decreased editing levels and <i>de-novo</i> editing, mostly in exons, suggesting that ADR-2 is also functional in the cytoplasm. Besides, mutated ADBP-1 affects gene expression. Furthermore, we show that ADR-2 targets adenosines with different surrounding nucleotides in exons and introns. Our findings indicate that ADR-2 cellular localization is highly regulated and affects its function.</p>","PeriodicalId":45199,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RELIGION","volume":"70 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11185548/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82361492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-14DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.08.544284
Ethan H Willbrand, Yi-Heng Tsai, Thomas Gagnant, Kevin S Weiner
Recent work has uncovered relationships between evolutionarily new small and shallow cerebral indentations, or sulci, and human behavior. Yet, this relationship remains unexplored in the lateral parietal cortex (LPC) and the lateral parieto-occipital junction (LPOJ). After defining thousands of sulci in a young adult cohort, we revised the previous LPC/LPOJ sulcal landscape to include four previously overlooked, small, shallow, and variable sulci. One of these sulci (ventral supralateral occipital sulcus, slocs-v) is present in nearly every hemisphere and is morphologically, architecturally, and functionally dissociable from neighboring sulci. A data-driven, model-based approach, relating sulcal depth to behavior further revealed that the morphology of only a subset of LPC/LPOJ sulci, including the slocs-v, is related to performance on a spatial orientation task. Our findings build on classic neuroanatomical theories and identify new neuroanatomical targets for future "precision imaging" studies exploring the relationship among brain structure, brain function, and cognitive abilities in individual participants.
{"title":"Updating the sulcal landscape of the human lateral parieto-occipital junction provides anatomical, functional, and cognitive insights.","authors":"Ethan H Willbrand, Yi-Heng Tsai, Thomas Gagnant, Kevin S Weiner","doi":"10.1101/2023.06.08.544284","DOIUrl":"10.1101/2023.06.08.544284","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Recent work has uncovered relationships between evolutionarily new small and shallow cerebral indentations, or sulci, and human behavior. Yet, this relationship remains unexplored in the lateral parietal cortex (LPC) and the lateral parieto-occipital junction (LPOJ). After defining thousands of sulci in a young adult cohort, we revised the previous LPC/LPOJ sulcal landscape to include four previously overlooked, small, shallow, and variable sulci. One of these sulci (ventral supralateral occipital sulcus, slocs-v) is present in nearly every hemisphere and is morphologically, architecturally, and functionally dissociable from neighboring sulci. A data-driven, model-based approach, relating sulcal depth to behavior further revealed that the morphology of only a subset of LPC/LPOJ sulci, including the slocs-v, is related to performance on a spatial orientation task. Our findings build on classic neuroanatomical theories and identify new neuroanatomical targets for future \"precision imaging\" studies exploring the relationship among brain structure, brain function, and cognitive abilities in individual participants.</p>","PeriodicalId":45199,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RELIGION","volume":"86 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11118496/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82430762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":Practicing Atheism: Culture, Media, and Ritual in the Contemporary Atheist Network","authors":"M. Ruse","doi":"10.1086/724851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724851","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45199,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RELIGION","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49228128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":The Formation of Post-Classical Philosophy in Islam","authors":"Mehmet Emin Gulecyuz","doi":"10.1086/724842","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724842","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45199,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RELIGION","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46103401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":Monotheism, Intolerance, and the Path to Pluralistic Politics","authors":"P. Powers","doi":"10.1086/724857","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724857","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45199,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RELIGION","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45273926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jeremy David Engels’s scholarly and ambitiously interpretive work accesses the relation of worldviews of Ralph Waldo Emerson and Walt Whitman by drawing on contrasting internal textual resources of the ancient Hindu classic, the Bhagavad Gita. He consistently plays out a polemical interpretation that prioritizes Whitman’s supposed this-worldly Vedanta strain of the Gita in contrast to Emerson’s promotion of an otherworldly Advaita strain of the same Hindu classic. Whitman’s worldview is interpreted in terms of a democratic ethics of oneness that is viable for our times. Arguably, however, Emerson’s doctrine of Over-Soul is grounded in mainstream concepts of Western Neoplatonism and post-Kantian strains of objective idealism, not in the Gita. Engels’s project increasingly aligns with the rhetoric of postmodernism and global ethics that is common coin in today’s academy. It plays out as a kind of monocultural ethics of equality in disagreement with the ethics of democracy based on the twin principles of liberty and equality in the open marketplace of performance, as represented by William James and the other classical Pragmatists.
Jeremy David Engels的学术性和雄心勃勃的解释性作品通过借鉴古代印度教经典《薄伽梵歌》中对比鲜明的内部文本资源，探讨了拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生和沃尔特·惠特曼的世界观关系。他一贯提出一种争论性的解释，优先考虑惠特曼所谓的《吉塔》中世俗的韦丹塔版本，而不是爱默生提倡的同一印度教经典的超凡脱俗的《阿吠陀》版本。惠特曼的世界观被解读为一种在我们这个时代可行的统一的民主伦理。然而，可以争辩的是，爱默生的“超越灵魂”学说是基于西方新柏拉图主义和后康德主义的客观唯心主义的主流概念，而不是Gita。恩格斯的计划越来越符合后现代主义的修辞和全球伦理学，这是当今学院的常见硬币。它表现为一种单一文化的平等伦理，与以威廉·詹姆斯和其他古典实用主义者为代表的基于开放市场中自由和平等双重原则的民主伦理不同。
{"title":"Review of Jeremy David Engels’s The Ethics of Oneness: Emerson, Whitman, and the Bhagavad Gita","authors":"D. Dilworth","doi":"10.1086/724970","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724970","url":null,"abstract":"Jeremy David Engels’s scholarly and ambitiously interpretive work accesses the relation of worldviews of Ralph Waldo Emerson and Walt Whitman by drawing on contrasting internal textual resources of the ancient Hindu classic, the Bhagavad Gita. He consistently plays out a polemical interpretation that prioritizes Whitman’s supposed this-worldly Vedanta strain of the Gita in contrast to Emerson’s promotion of an otherworldly Advaita strain of the same Hindu classic. Whitman’s worldview is interpreted in terms of a democratic ethics of oneness that is viable for our times. Arguably, however, Emerson’s doctrine of Over-Soul is grounded in mainstream concepts of Western Neoplatonism and post-Kantian strains of objective idealism, not in the Gita. Engels’s project increasingly aligns with the rhetoric of postmodernism and global ethics that is common coin in today’s academy. It plays out as a kind of monocultural ethics of equality in disagreement with the ethics of democracy based on the twin principles of liberty and equality in the open marketplace of performance, as represented by William James and the other classical Pragmatists.","PeriodicalId":45199,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RELIGION","volume":"103 1","pages":"379 - 389"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45130205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In eighteenth-century Ireland, there were two competing historiographical traditions, fighting to tell their story of the Church of Ireland’s doctrinal heritage, as outlined in its confession, the Thirty-Nine Articles, which were formulated in the sixteenth-century Church of England. Article XVII: Of Predestination and Election—the most controversial article—contained no reference to the “reprobate.” Mainstream Anglican clergymen, who taught an Arminian soteriology, cited this omission as proof that the sixteenth-century framers had not intended Article XVII to be read in a Calvinist light. These “Caroline” historians also stressed the importance of the Laudian reforms of the 1630s, when the Irish Church’s original, ultra-Calvinist confession, the 1615 Articles, were virtually (but not officially) rescinded in favor of the English Church’s allegedly un-Calvinist confession, the Thirty-Nine Articles. There was, however, another, resolutely Protestant historiographical tradition, stressing the Irish Church’s doctrinal links with the continental Reformation. Proponents of this tradition argued that the Thirty-Nine Articles needed to be read in the light of the 1615 Articles, which, they claimed, remained an authoritative confession in the Irish Church. This essay explores how contemporaries interpreted and reinterpreted the Thirty-Nine Articles, thereby illuminating the ways in which the historiography of the Reformation was shaped by politico-theological concerns in eighteenth-century Ireland. It displays the eighteenth century as a fundamental period of transition, in which a largely dormant historiographical tradition was revived in the Irish Church by a small but growing faction of evangelicals, who sought to write Calvinism back into the history of their denomination.
{"title":"A Calvinist Confession? Interpreting the Thirty-Nine Articles and Writing the History of the Reformation in Eighteenth-Century Ireland","authors":"Simon Lewis","doi":"10.1086/725062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/725062","url":null,"abstract":"In eighteenth-century Ireland, there were two competing historiographical traditions, fighting to tell their story of the Church of Ireland’s doctrinal heritage, as outlined in its confession, the Thirty-Nine Articles, which were formulated in the sixteenth-century Church of England. Article XVII: Of Predestination and Election—the most controversial article—contained no reference to the “reprobate.” Mainstream Anglican clergymen, who taught an Arminian soteriology, cited this omission as proof that the sixteenth-century framers had not intended Article XVII to be read in a Calvinist light. These “Caroline” historians also stressed the importance of the Laudian reforms of the 1630s, when the Irish Church’s original, ultra-Calvinist confession, the 1615 Articles, were virtually (but not officially) rescinded in favor of the English Church’s allegedly un-Calvinist confession, the Thirty-Nine Articles. There was, however, another, resolutely Protestant historiographical tradition, stressing the Irish Church’s doctrinal links with the continental Reformation. Proponents of this tradition argued that the Thirty-Nine Articles needed to be read in the light of the 1615 Articles, which, they claimed, remained an authoritative confession in the Irish Church. This essay explores how contemporaries interpreted and reinterpreted the Thirty-Nine Articles, thereby illuminating the ways in which the historiography of the Reformation was shaped by politico-theological concerns in eighteenth-century Ireland. It displays the eighteenth century as a fundamental period of transition, in which a largely dormant historiographical tradition was revived in the Irish Church by a small but growing faction of evangelicals, who sought to write Calvinism back into the history of their denomination.","PeriodicalId":45199,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RELIGION","volume":"103 1","pages":"338 - 364"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47179219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":Image: Three Inquiries in Technology and Imagination","authors":"W. Robert","doi":"10.1086/724846","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724846","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45199,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RELIGION","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48460085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":":Anarchy and the Kingdom of God: From Eschatology to Orthodox Political Theology and Back","authors":"Philip LeMasters","doi":"10.1086/724849","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/724849","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45199,"journal":{"name":"JOURNAL OF RELIGION","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44904090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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