In this article, we propose using the enneagram to enhance counselor empathy by considering how personality affects the perspectives and motivations of both the counselor and the client. We discuss the nine personality styles, present a process of counselor self- and other-awareness, and provide implications for practice.
We investigated how counselors (N = 157) perceived social class and socioeconomic status (SES) via a mixed-methods design. Among other findings, the results revealed participants provided limited or SES-only responses when they defined social class. We describe counseling practice and training implications from a culturally informed, humanistic perspective.
The purpose of this article is to summarize and examine how contemporary traumatological research serves to complicate and enrich what we know about how people attempt to make meaning of their experiences in the aftermaths of traumas.
Social existence is vital for any person's survival. Social existence theory relates to how individuals conceptualize their existence in a social world, learn from others, and communicate with others. We discuss constructivism, social learning, and the influence of language, as well as the influence of language on society's views of mental illness and the systemic nature of these views.
We describe a dialectical humanistic understanding of confrontation; highlight research about traits of effective confrontation; and describe the philosophical notion of dialectics as it pertains to counseling, human existence, and the practice of confrontation. We posit that dialectical humanistic confrontation is a vehicle for empowering clients to examine the tension of intrapersonal contradictions as a way to overcome barriers to self-fulfillment. A case study is used to illustrate how dialectical humanistic confrontation can be applied in practice.
A conceptual framework rooted in existentialism is presented to unify psychological and sociopolitical perspectives. Human beings are directional, with well-being the actualization of highest order directions. Distress emerges through external blocking of directions, or through dysergetic or ineffective internal configurations. Hence, social justice work and counseling have essential, and integrated, roles.
To contextualize the scholarship in this special issue, I argue that primary tenets of existentialism are transtheoretical in the counseling profession. Specifically, issues of authenticity, freedom, and responsibility to others are articulated as having shared heritage in existentialism. Deepening the well of existential scholarship can catalyze a renewed relationship between theory and practice.
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