Pub Date : 2019-09-02DOI: 10.1108/APJIE-06-2018-0037
Joseph Evans Agolla, Gladness L. Monametsi, Petty Phera
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the antecedents of entrepreneurial intentions amongst open and distance learning students during employment crisis. To achieve the purpose of this study, Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour (TPB) was applied and empirically tested on the sample population. Design/methodology/approach Data were taken from a sample of university students pursuing business-related courses in Open and Distance Learning mode. Self-reported questionnaires were handed to a total of 500 students to complete and return. Returned and usable questionnaires numbered 245 in total, giving a return rate of 49 per cent. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were utilised to analyse data. Structural equation modelling incorporated into SPSS was used to assess the structural model. Findings The key finding reveal that Ajzen’s TPB can partially be applied in determining entrepreneurial intentions in the developing economy. The study results also revealed that perceived behavioural control, personal attitude and subjective norm (SN) explained 62.5 per cent of variations in entrepreneurial intention, which surpasses many other studies conducted previously. Research limitations/implications Present study relied on cross-sectional data using quantitative design, therefore limiting the full understanding of the causal relationship between variables. Originality/value The study developed a conceptual framework based on literature that was empirically tested, which adds to existing ones, thereby extending the literature in the field. Moreover, the study managed to incorporate SN as an intervening variable, which has rarely been done.
{"title":"Antecedents of entrepreneurial intentions amongst business students in a tertiary institution","authors":"Joseph Evans Agolla, Gladness L. Monametsi, Petty Phera","doi":"10.1108/APJIE-06-2018-0037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-06-2018-0037","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this paper is to examine the antecedents of entrepreneurial intentions amongst open and distance learning students during employment crisis. To achieve the purpose of this study, Ajzen’s theory of planned behaviour (TPB) was applied and empirically tested on the sample population.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Data were taken from a sample of university students pursuing business-related courses in Open and Distance Learning mode. Self-reported questionnaires were handed to a total of 500 students to complete and return. Returned and usable questionnaires numbered 245 in total, giving a return rate of 49 per cent. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were utilised to analyse data. Structural equation modelling incorporated into SPSS was used to assess the structural model.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The key finding reveal that Ajzen’s TPB can partially be applied in determining entrepreneurial intentions in the developing economy. The study results also revealed that perceived behavioural control, personal attitude and subjective norm (SN) explained 62.5 per cent of variations in entrepreneurial intention, which surpasses many other studies conducted previously.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000Present study relied on cross-sectional data using quantitative design, therefore limiting the full understanding of the causal relationship between variables.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The study developed a conceptual framework based on literature that was empirically tested, which adds to existing ones, thereby extending the literature in the field. Moreover, the study managed to incorporate SN as an intervening variable, which has rarely been done.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45219,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/APJIE-06-2018-0037","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62024546","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-02DOI: 10.1108/apjie-12-2018-0072
R. K. Dzogbenuku, S. Keelson
Purpose This paper aims to examine the interconnection between marketing and entrepreneurship among small and medium scale enterprises in emerging markets. Design/methodology/approach Quantitative data were obtained from 113 micro, small and medium scale enterprises (SME) into services, manufacturing and agriculture selected conveniently within the Tema metropolis, a harbour city in Ghana; however, purposive sampling was used to choose owners and managers as respondents pre-occupied with marketing and entrepreneurial roles. These voluntary informants have operated between 4 and 9 years. Findings The study reveals a significant relationship between five dimensions of the study including market orientation and entrepreneurial success; customer orientation and entrepreneurial success; competitor orientation and entrepreneurial success; intelligence generation; and entrepreneurial success, including information dissemination and entrepreneurial success. Research limitations/implications Blending marketing with entrepreneurial initiatives has the propensity to accelerate success for wealth and job creation for national development especially in emerging markets where poverty and under development abounds. Adoption of basic marketing principles enables local entrepreneurs to become vehicles for social re-engineering and for rapid socio-economic growth, which ultimately affects lives at the local level. The study was limited to opinion of SME managers and owners of a harbour city. Practical implications Application of basic marketing principles influences entrepreneurial success in emerging markets (EMs) highlighting opinions of managers and owners of SMEs strategy warranting attention of stakeholders. Thus, the study validates theoretical model of how prudent marketing and entrepreneurial attitude contributes entrepreneurial success. It also provides a new perspective on marketing principles and success in emerging markets. Social implications Consciously incorporating basic marketing principles into operations of MSMEs will impact performances; hence, social lives of entrepreneurs will be affected positively. Originality/value This study being among the few in sub-Saharan Africa highlights how application of marketing principles to entrepreneurial operations is a vital role in growing local MSMEs unto the world stage. Therefore, blending basic marketing principles with entrepreneurial initiatives will accelerate wealth and job creation and national development to achieve the world's sustainable development goals aimed at reducing poverty.
{"title":"Marketing and entrepreneurial success in emerging markets: the nexus","authors":"R. K. Dzogbenuku, S. Keelson","doi":"10.1108/apjie-12-2018-0072","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/apjie-12-2018-0072","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to examine the interconnection between marketing and entrepreneurship among small and medium scale enterprises in emerging markets.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Quantitative data were obtained from 113 micro, small and medium scale enterprises (SME) into services, manufacturing and agriculture selected conveniently within the Tema metropolis, a harbour city in Ghana; however, purposive sampling was used to choose owners and managers as respondents pre-occupied with marketing and entrepreneurial roles. These voluntary informants have operated between 4 and 9 years.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The study reveals a significant relationship between five dimensions of the study including market orientation and entrepreneurial success; customer orientation and entrepreneurial success; competitor orientation and entrepreneurial success; intelligence generation; and entrepreneurial success, including information dissemination and entrepreneurial success.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000Blending marketing with entrepreneurial initiatives has the propensity to accelerate success for wealth and job creation for national development especially in emerging markets where poverty and under development abounds. Adoption of basic marketing principles enables local entrepreneurs to become vehicles for social re-engineering and for rapid socio-economic growth, which ultimately affects lives at the local level. The study was limited to opinion of SME managers and owners of a harbour city.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000Application of basic marketing principles influences entrepreneurial success in emerging markets (EMs) highlighting opinions of managers and owners of SMEs strategy warranting attention of stakeholders. Thus, the study validates theoretical model of how prudent marketing and entrepreneurial attitude contributes entrepreneurial success. It also provides a new perspective on marketing principles and success in emerging markets.\u0000\u0000\u0000Social implications\u0000Consciously incorporating basic marketing principles into operations of MSMEs will impact performances; hence, social lives of entrepreneurs will be affected positively.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study being among the few in sub-Saharan Africa highlights how application of marketing principles to entrepreneurial operations is a vital role in growing local MSMEs unto the world stage. Therefore, blending basic marketing principles with entrepreneurial initiatives will accelerate wealth and job creation and national development to achieve the world's sustainable development goals aimed at reducing poverty.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45219,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/apjie-12-2018-0072","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"62024694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-02DOI: 10.1108/apjie-11-2018-0069
R. Vedapradha, H. Ravi
Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the financial sources and evaluate the credit facilities available to Tibetan entrepreneurs especially residing in the vicinity of the Karnataka district, India. The most significant problem is that lending rates are extremely high and there is a lack of professional skill to manage their operations. Availability of financial support is still a major barrier for established and potential Tibetan entrepreneurs in the growth of their enterprises. Design/methodology/approach A sample size of 115 respondents, belonging to the urban and rural districts of Karnataka were interviewed to collect the information as primary data. Correlation analysis, cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA and percent test have been applied for statistical analysis. The interest rate, bank loan, credit, savings, friends and relatives, corporate, retained profits and trade credit are the variables used for the research. Findings Personal savings, bank credit and bank loans are the most important variables reflecting the credit activities and are clustered having a total of 3.710. Corporate, trade credit and retained profits form minimal sources of credit having a total of 1.194. Hence, there is an important relationship between the variables and the credit facilities availed by the entrepreneurs. Originality/value The research emphasis on their credit facility, financial growth, availability of capital are some of the challenges encountered by the entrepreneurs hindering the growth of the new business. Hence the researcher has focused on understanding and exploring the various challenges faced by these entrepreneurs.
{"title":"Challenges or survival instinct of Tibetan entrepreneurs","authors":"R. Vedapradha, H. Ravi","doi":"10.1108/apjie-11-2018-0069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/apjie-11-2018-0069","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this study is to explore the financial sources and evaluate the credit facilities available to Tibetan entrepreneurs especially residing in the vicinity of the Karnataka district, India. The most significant problem is that lending rates are extremely high and there is a lack of professional skill to manage their operations. Availability of financial support is still a major barrier for established and potential Tibetan entrepreneurs in the growth of their enterprises.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000A sample size of 115 respondents, belonging to the urban and rural districts of Karnataka were interviewed to collect the information as primary data. Correlation analysis, cluster analysis, one-way ANOVA and percent test have been applied for statistical analysis. The interest rate, bank loan, credit, savings, friends and relatives, corporate, retained profits and trade credit are the variables used for the research.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Personal savings, bank credit and bank loans are the most important variables reflecting the credit activities and are clustered having a total of 3.710. Corporate, trade credit and retained profits form minimal sources of credit having a total of 1.194. Hence, there is an important relationship between the variables and the credit facilities availed by the entrepreneurs.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The research emphasis on their credit facility, financial growth, availability of capital are some of the challenges encountered by the entrepreneurs hindering the growth of the new business. Hence the researcher has focused on understanding and exploring the various challenges faced by these entrepreneurs.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45219,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/apjie-11-2018-0069","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46726060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-02DOI: 10.1108/apjie-02-2019-0007
N. Nawi, A. Mamun, N. Nasir, A. Abdullah, Wan Zumusni Wan Mustapha
PurposeThis study aims to examine the factors affecting brand image and consumer satisfaction towards Islamic travel package in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a cross-sectional design and quantitative method in examining the factors affecting the brand image and consumer satisfaction on Islamic travel package. This study has chosen Google form as a platform to collect the data.FindingsThe findings revealed that product quality, Islamic physical attribute and Islamic belief have a significant positive effect on brand image and consumer satisfaction. The findings confirmed that product quality, Islamic physical attribute and Islamic beliefs are the crucial tools for brand image that leads to the satisfaction of Muslim consumers on the Islamic travel package.Originality/valueThis paper addresses understudied aspects of brand image and consumer satisfaction towards Islamic travel package in Malaysia. It provided useful insights into the product quality, Islamic physical attribute and Islamic belief on brand image and consumer satisfaction towards Islamic travel packages. Tourism companies should improve and update their package based on the religious perspective to attract Muslim consumers.
{"title":"Brand image and consumer satisfaction towards Islamic travel packages","authors":"N. Nawi, A. Mamun, N. Nasir, A. Abdullah, Wan Zumusni Wan Mustapha","doi":"10.1108/apjie-02-2019-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/apjie-02-2019-0007","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThis study aims to examine the factors affecting brand image and consumer satisfaction towards Islamic travel package in Malaysia.Design/methodology/approachThis study used a cross-sectional design and quantitative method in examining the factors affecting the brand image and consumer satisfaction on Islamic travel package. This study has chosen Google form as a platform to collect the data.FindingsThe findings revealed that product quality, Islamic physical attribute and Islamic belief have a significant positive effect on brand image and consumer satisfaction. The findings confirmed that product quality, Islamic physical attribute and Islamic beliefs are the crucial tools for brand image that leads to the satisfaction of Muslim consumers on the Islamic travel package.Originality/valueThis paper addresses understudied aspects of brand image and consumer satisfaction towards Islamic travel package in Malaysia. It provided useful insights into the product quality, Islamic physical attribute and Islamic belief on brand image and consumer satisfaction towards Islamic travel packages. Tourism companies should improve and update their package based on the religious perspective to attract Muslim consumers.","PeriodicalId":45219,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/apjie-02-2019-0007","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49649864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-02DOI: 10.1108/apjie-09-2018-0053
B. Hutahayan
Purpose This study aims to examine comprehensively the factors determining the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) producing Indonesian special food in East Java. Design/methodology/approach This study is quantitative and qualitative. Primary data was collected from entrepreneurs in East Java, those producing Indonesian special food. Secondary data was obtained from the literature, literature study, journals, Central Bureau of Statistics and the office of industry, trade, cooperatives and SMEs in East Java. Areas selected for this study were Surabaya, Madiun, Malang, Pasuruan, Lamongan and Banyuwangi. The population was small and medium entrepreneurs producing Indonesian special food in the selected cities. Based on the PLS sampling rule, the number of samples in each research area was 50, with total of 300 respondents (50 × 6). The methods of collecting primary data were interviews and questionnaire. Data analysis was done using GSCA. Findings The study firstly found the significant influence of entrepreneurial orientation on business strategies of SMEs producing Indonesian special food in East Java. SME managers have a high entrepreneurial orientation. Secondly, it found a significant influence of entrepreneurial orientation on business performance of SMEs producing Indonesian special food in East Java. Thirdly, the study found that government policy is not a moderating variable. Additionally, business strategies have a significant influence on the performance of SMEs producing Indonesian special food in East Java. Finally, dynamics of the environment and business strategy have a significant influence on the performance of manufacturing industry in South Sulawesi. Originality/value To know the effect of entrepreneurial orientation, environmental dynamism, consisting of uncertainty of environment and intensity of competition, and business strategies toward business performance. Considering the findings of the previous studies, the authors would like to re-examine the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on business performance, which also compares the findings of previous studies, especially, the one by Lee and Tsang (2003) on SMEs in Singapore.
{"title":"Factors affecting the performance of Indonesian special food SMEs in entrepreneurial orientation in East Java","authors":"B. Hutahayan","doi":"10.1108/apjie-09-2018-0053","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/apjie-09-2018-0053","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to examine comprehensively the factors determining the performance of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) producing Indonesian special food in East Java.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000This study is quantitative and qualitative. Primary data was collected from entrepreneurs in East Java, those producing Indonesian special food. Secondary data was obtained from the literature, literature study, journals, Central Bureau of Statistics and the office of industry, trade, cooperatives and SMEs in East Java. Areas selected for this study were Surabaya, Madiun, Malang, Pasuruan, Lamongan and Banyuwangi. The population was small and medium entrepreneurs producing Indonesian special food in the selected cities. Based on the PLS sampling rule, the number of samples in each research area was 50, with total of 300 respondents (50 × 6). The methods of collecting primary data were interviews and questionnaire. Data analysis was done using GSCA.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The study firstly found the significant influence of entrepreneurial orientation on business strategies of SMEs producing Indonesian special food in East Java. SME managers have a high entrepreneurial orientation. Secondly, it found a significant influence of entrepreneurial orientation on business performance of SMEs producing Indonesian special food in East Java. Thirdly, the study found that government policy is not a moderating variable. Additionally, business strategies have a significant influence on the performance of SMEs producing Indonesian special food in East Java. Finally, dynamics of the environment and business strategy have a significant influence on the performance of manufacturing industry in South Sulawesi.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000To know the effect of entrepreneurial orientation, environmental dynamism, consisting of uncertainty of environment and intensity of competition, and business strategies toward business performance. Considering the findings of the previous studies, the authors would like to re-examine the effect of entrepreneurial orientation on business performance, which also compares the findings of previous studies, especially, the one by Lee and Tsang (2003) on SMEs in Singapore.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45219,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/apjie-09-2018-0053","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41948584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-13DOI: 10.1108/APJIE-10-2018-0057
Aiza Shabbir, S. Kousar
Purpose This study aims to explore the moderating impact of narcissism overload on the relation between founder CEO and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in registered private schools of Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through a stratified random sampling method with the help of previously validated questionnaires. A sample of 121 replies was gathered for analysis. SPSS has been used to find the results. Findings Results depict that CEO narcissism moderates the relation between founder CEO and EO and does not moderate the relationship between and CEO ownership and EO. Originality/value Many studies focused on the founder personality characteristics (such as generalized self-efficacy or locus of control) are not directly observed, but rather inferred their effect indirectly. The study contributes to examine how the founder CEO variable interacts with CEO personality to influence EO. This study will propose a practical approach to investigate whether and how the narcissism constructs moderate the founder CEO–EO relationship. Direct association between stock ownership and EO will also be examined.
{"title":"Impact of founder CEO and CEO ownership on entrepreneurial orientation, moderating role of CEO narcissism","authors":"Aiza Shabbir, S. Kousar","doi":"10.1108/APJIE-10-2018-0057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-10-2018-0057","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to explore the moderating impact of narcissism overload on the relation between founder CEO and entrepreneurial orientation (EO) in registered private schools of Pakistan.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Data were collected through a stratified random sampling method with the help of previously validated questionnaires. A sample of 121 replies was gathered for analysis. SPSS has been used to find the results.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000Results depict that CEO narcissism moderates the relation between founder CEO and EO and does not moderate the relationship between and CEO ownership and EO.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000Many studies focused on the founder personality characteristics (such as generalized self-efficacy or locus of control) are not directly observed, but rather inferred their effect indirectly. The study contributes to examine how the founder CEO variable interacts with CEO personality to influence EO. This study will propose a practical approach to investigate whether and how the narcissism constructs moderate the founder CEO–EO relationship. Direct association between stock ownership and EO will also be examined.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45219,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-05-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/APJIE-10-2018-0057","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47562426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-15DOI: 10.1108/APJIE-07-2018-0045
A. Marhaeni, N. N. Yuliarmi, N. Setiawina
Purpose The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of social capital on human capital; the effect of social capital on transaction costs; the influence of social capital, human capital and transaction costs on empowerment; the indirect effect of social capital on empowerment through human capital; and the indirect effect of social capital on empowerment through transaction costs in Bangli Regency. Design/methodology/approach The population in this research is all wood carving business in Bangli Regency, in all districts some 366 business units. The number of respondents surveyed were 191 business units in all sub-districts. The sampling technique used is stratified random sampling, with strata of business area. Inferential analysis is preceded by using factor analysis techniques to obtain factor scores on each latent variable, followed by path analysis to answer the research objectives. Finding Based on the analysis, the following conclusions are drawn: social capital has a positive and significant impact on human resources; positive social capital and significant positive to transaction costs; social capital and human resources have a positive and significant effect while transaction costs and no significant positive effect on empowerment; human resources partially mediate the influence of social capital on empowerment; and transaction costs do not act as a variable, mediating the influence of social capital on empowering small woodcraft industry in Bangli Regency. Originality/value This study is one of the few to investigate the role of social capital, human capital and transaction cost on empowerment of small industries, especially wood carving in Bangli District. This small woodcraft industry is famous for its uniqueness that characterizes Balinese carving ornaments. But lately, the productivity of handicrafts wood carving, especially in Bangli District, fluctuates tend to decline. Social capital, in addition to human capital and technology, also plays an important role in the production process. Social capital equals other physical capital and can increase productivity and economic efficiency. Higher social capital owned by individuals or groups can reduce transaction costs; thus economic activity can run efficiently. Social capital is the information, trust and norms of reciprocity inherent in social networks.
{"title":"Empowering small industry of wood carving handicraft in Bangli district","authors":"A. Marhaeni, N. N. Yuliarmi, N. Setiawina","doi":"10.1108/APJIE-07-2018-0045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-07-2018-0045","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of social capital on human capital; the effect of social capital on transaction costs; the influence of social capital, human capital and transaction costs on empowerment; the indirect effect of social capital on empowerment through human capital; and the indirect effect of social capital on empowerment through transaction costs in Bangli Regency.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000The population in this research is all wood carving business in Bangli Regency, in all districts some 366 business units. The number of respondents surveyed were 191 business units in all sub-districts. The sampling technique used is stratified random sampling, with strata of business area. Inferential analysis is preceded by using factor analysis techniques to obtain factor scores on each latent variable, followed by path analysis to answer the research objectives.\u0000\u0000\u0000Finding\u0000Based on the analysis, the following conclusions are drawn: social capital has a positive and significant impact on human resources; positive social capital and significant positive to transaction costs; social capital and human resources have a positive and significant effect while transaction costs and no significant positive effect on empowerment; human resources partially mediate the influence of social capital on empowerment; and transaction costs do not act as a variable, mediating the influence of social capital on empowering small woodcraft industry in Bangli Regency.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000This study is one of the few to investigate the role of social capital, human capital and transaction cost on empowerment of small industries, especially wood carving in Bangli District. This small woodcraft industry is famous for its uniqueness that characterizes Balinese carving ornaments. But lately, the productivity of handicrafts wood carving, especially in Bangli District, fluctuates tend to decline. Social capital, in addition to human capital and technology, also plays an important role in the production process. Social capital equals other physical capital and can increase productivity and economic efficiency. Higher social capital owned by individuals or groups can reduce transaction costs; thus economic activity can run efficiently. Social capital is the information, trust and norms of reciprocity inherent in social networks.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45219,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/APJIE-07-2018-0045","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42221982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-15DOI: 10.1108/apjie-11-2018-0067
A. Mamun, Syed Ali Fazal, Rajennd Muniady
Purpose This study aims to examine the effect of entrepreneurial skills, market orientation, sales orientations and networking on entrepreneurial competency and performance of micro-enterprises in Kelantan, Malaysia. Design/methodology/approach Adopting a cross-sectional design, this paper collected data through structured interviews from 403 micro-entrepreneurs from “Majlis Amanah Rakyat,” Kelantan and “Majlis Agama Islam dan Adat Istiadat,” Kelantan. Findings The findings reveal that entrepreneurial skills, market orientation and networking have a positive effect on entrepreneurial competency. Then, entrepreneurial competency, entrepreneurial skills and networking have a positive effect on enterprise performance. The findings show a significant mediation effect of entrepreneurial competency on the relationships between entrepreneurial skills, market orientation and networking and enterprise performance. Originality/value Addressing the understudied “human factor” in entrepreneurship, this paper extends the resource-based view and enriches the existing entrepreneurship literature in Malaysia. It provides useful insights into the improvement of micro-enterprise performance, which is crucial for promoting entrepreneurial activities and for enhancing socio-economic conditions among low-income households in Malaysia. Thus, the government and developmental organizations should focus on the development of entrepreneurial skills, market-oriented approach, networking traits and entrepreneurial competencies and subsequently encourage poor households to perform entrepreneurial activities.
目的本研究旨在检验创业技能、市场导向、销售导向和网络对马来西亚吉兰丹微型企业创业能力和绩效的影响。设计/方法/方法采用横断面设计，本文通过结构化访谈收集了来自吉兰丹“阿曼娜·拉基亚特少校”和“吉兰丹Agama Islam dan Adat Istiadat少校”的403名微型企业家的数据。发现创业技能、市场导向和网络对创业能力有积极影响。然后，创业能力、创业技能和人际网络对企业绩效有积极影响。研究结果表明，创业能力对创业技能、市场导向和网络与企业绩效之间的关系具有显著的中介作用。原创性/价值针对创业中研究不足的“人的因素”，本文扩展了基于资源的观点，丰富了马来西亚现有的创业文献。它为改善微型企业业绩提供了有益的见解，这对于促进创业活动和改善马来西亚低收入家庭的社会经济条件至关重要。因此，政府和发展组织应重点发展创业技能、面向市场的方法、网络特征和创业能力，并随后鼓励贫困家庭开展创业活动。
{"title":"Entrepreneurial knowledge, skills, competencies and performance","authors":"A. Mamun, Syed Ali Fazal, Rajennd Muniady","doi":"10.1108/apjie-11-2018-0067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/apjie-11-2018-0067","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This study aims to examine the effect of entrepreneurial skills, market orientation, sales orientations and networking on entrepreneurial competency and performance of micro-enterprises in Kelantan, Malaysia.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Adopting a cross-sectional design, this paper collected data through structured interviews from 403 micro-entrepreneurs from “Majlis Amanah Rakyat,” Kelantan and “Majlis Agama Islam dan Adat Istiadat,” Kelantan.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The findings reveal that entrepreneurial skills, market orientation and networking have a positive effect on entrepreneurial competency. Then, entrepreneurial competency, entrepreneurial skills and networking have a positive effect on enterprise performance. The findings show a significant mediation effect of entrepreneurial competency on the relationships between entrepreneurial skills, market orientation and networking and enterprise performance.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000Addressing the understudied “human factor” in entrepreneurship, this paper extends the resource-based view and enriches the existing entrepreneurship literature in Malaysia. It provides useful insights into the improvement of micro-enterprise performance, which is crucial for promoting entrepreneurial activities and for enhancing socio-economic conditions among low-income households in Malaysia. Thus, the government and developmental organizations should focus on the development of entrepreneurial skills, market-oriented approach, networking traits and entrepreneurial competencies and subsequently encourage poor households to perform entrepreneurial activities.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45219,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/apjie-11-2018-0067","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41455286","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-15DOI: 10.1108/APJIE-10-2018-0058
Malkah Noor Kiani, Syed Hussain Mustafa, Mehboob Ahmad
Purpose In today’s Pakistan, the emergence of new forms of business in collaboration with the mobile service providers is bringing a big difference, not only in every walk of life but also in digital economy of the country. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore what are the factors that determine the success rate of new innovative services in cultural context of mobile service providers of Pakistan. Design/methodology/approach Data have been collected from 397 employees of cellular firms of Pakistan by using the simple random sampling strategy. The gathered data were analyzed by using the regression-based process approach of Hayes and Preacher (2014). Findings The results indicated that innovation capabilities and service innovation have significant positive effect on the short-term, long-term and indirect success of the service innovation. It was also found that the service innovation mediates the relationship among the capabilities to innovate and service innovation success rate. The findings of this research work are beneficial for the practitioners of cellular firms of Pakistan. Originality/value The value of this research work is evident from the fact that this research work attempts to address some identified gaps of existing body of literature. This research work provides some key insights for practitioners and also discusses the new avenues for future researches.
{"title":"Does innovation capabilities affect the new service innovation success among Pakistani cellular companies?","authors":"Malkah Noor Kiani, Syed Hussain Mustafa, Mehboob Ahmad","doi":"10.1108/APJIE-10-2018-0058","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-10-2018-0058","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose\u0000In today’s Pakistan, the emergence of new forms of business in collaboration with the mobile service providers is bringing a big difference, not only in every walk of life but also in digital economy of the country. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to explore what are the factors that determine the success rate of new innovative services in cultural context of mobile service providers of Pakistan.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000Data have been collected from 397 employees of cellular firms of Pakistan by using the simple random sampling strategy. The gathered data were analyzed by using the regression-based process approach of Hayes and Preacher (2014).\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The results indicated that innovation capabilities and service innovation have significant positive effect on the short-term, long-term and indirect success of the service innovation. It was also found that the service innovation mediates the relationship among the capabilities to innovate and service innovation success rate. The findings of this research work are beneficial for the practitioners of cellular firms of Pakistan.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The value of this research work is evident from the fact that this research work attempts to address some identified gaps of existing body of literature. This research work provides some key insights for practitioners and also discusses the new avenues for future researches.","PeriodicalId":45219,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/APJIE-10-2018-0058","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45696508","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-28DOI: 10.1108/APJIE-11-2018-0061
M. I. Malik, F. Mir, S. Hussain, S. Hyder, Asim Anwar, Zia Khan, Noman Nawab, Syed Qasim Ali Shah, M. Waseem
Purpose This paper aims to examine the mediating role of environmental concern in the relationship of green purchase awareness and purchasing behavior of fast food consumers keeping in view the theory of planned behavior. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative, cross-sectional design is used by collecting primary responses through a validated questionnaire. In all, 1,008 male and female buyers of fast food were sampled. Structural equation modeling is applied. Findings The results revealed that green purchase awareness has a positive relationship with green purchase behavior, and environmental concern has no mediation in the relationship. Upon having awareness, the respondents adopted green or pro-environmental behavior, but at the same time, they were found having least concern for the protection of environment. Research limitations/implications This is a cross-sectional study with questionnaire. Multiple sources of data collection results in weakening self-reporting bias. Practical implications Implications count toward individuals, enterprises and society at general. Originality/value The study highlights the issue of not having concern for the protection of the environment even after having green purchase awareness. This is the first time the environmental concern is examined as a mediator in the selected relationship. The contradictory results of having no environmental concern differentiate this study from others.
{"title":"Contradictory results on environmental concern while re-visiting green purchase awareness and behavior","authors":"M. I. Malik, F. Mir, S. Hussain, S. Hyder, Asim Anwar, Zia Khan, Noman Nawab, Syed Qasim Ali Shah, M. Waseem","doi":"10.1108/APJIE-11-2018-0061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/APJIE-11-2018-0061","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Purpose\u0000This paper aims to examine the mediating role of environmental concern in the relationship of green purchase awareness and purchasing behavior of fast food consumers keeping in view the theory of planned behavior.\u0000\u0000\u0000Design/methodology/approach\u0000A quantitative, cross-sectional design is used by collecting primary responses through a validated questionnaire. In all, 1,008 male and female buyers of fast food were sampled. Structural equation modeling is applied.\u0000\u0000\u0000Findings\u0000The results revealed that green purchase awareness has a positive relationship with green purchase behavior, and environmental concern has no mediation in the relationship. Upon having awareness, the respondents adopted green or pro-environmental behavior, but at the same time, they were found having least concern for the protection of environment.\u0000\u0000\u0000Research limitations/implications\u0000This is a cross-sectional study with questionnaire. Multiple sources of data collection results in weakening self-reporting bias.\u0000\u0000\u0000Practical implications\u0000Implications count toward individuals, enterprises and society at general.\u0000\u0000\u0000Originality/value\u0000The study highlights the issue of not having concern for the protection of the environment even after having green purchase awareness. This is the first time the environmental concern is examined as a mediator in the selected relationship. The contradictory results of having no environmental concern differentiate this study from others.\u0000","PeriodicalId":45219,"journal":{"name":"Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2019-03-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1108/APJIE-11-2018-0061","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42318170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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