Pub Date : 2023-05-09DOI: 10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i2-11775
Heather R. Porter, Hannah Goodno, Nicholas Wahl, Emily Bowman, Chelsea Titlow, Ashley Opitz, Grace Maher, Isabel Swingle, S. Roth
Engagement in leisure is difficult for many community-dwelling adults post-stroke, resulting in increased sedentary and solitary leisure activity, and reduced leisure engagement and satisfaction. This, in turn, impacts long-term recovery, health, and quality of life. The aim of this study was to review the efficacy of in-home and community-based leisure education and leisure counseling on meaningful activity engagement and health outcomes for this population. A systematic review of the literature from 2005-2020 resulted in 2,017 references of which three met the inclusion criteria. Findings indicate that leisure education and leisure counseling improved quality of life, leisure satisfaction, autonomous leisure engagement, and leisure competence, as well as reduced depression and perceived barriers. Clinical implications and future research recommendations are provided.
{"title":"Leisure Education and Leisure Counseling in Adult Stroke: A Systematic Review","authors":"Heather R. Porter, Hannah Goodno, Nicholas Wahl, Emily Bowman, Chelsea Titlow, Ashley Opitz, Grace Maher, Isabel Swingle, S. Roth","doi":"10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i2-11775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i2-11775","url":null,"abstract":"Engagement in leisure is difficult for many community-dwelling adults post-stroke, resulting in increased sedentary and solitary leisure activity, and reduced leisure engagement and satisfaction. This, in turn, impacts long-term recovery, health, and quality of life. The aim of this study was to review the efficacy of in-home and community-based leisure education and leisure counseling on meaningful activity engagement and health outcomes for this population. A systematic review of the literature from 2005-2020 resulted in 2,017 references of which three met the inclusion criteria. Findings indicate that leisure education and leisure counseling improved quality of life, leisure satisfaction, autonomous leisure engagement, and leisure competence, as well as reduced depression and perceived barriers. Clinical implications and future research recommendations are provided.","PeriodicalId":45238,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Recreation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46840671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-09DOI: 10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i2-11922
Darla Fortune, J. Leighton, K. Lopez
Living with mental illness often results in varying levels and experiences of stigma. Stigmatizing experiences in health care settings are particularly detrimental because they cause reluctance to seek mental health care, which impedes recovery. While therapeutic recreation (TR) services and programs aim to support recovery, there is a gap in what we know about TR’s role in combatting the stigma of mental illness. To address this gap, this study examined the experiences of TR students who participated in a contact-based initiative known as a living library. This initiative provides opportunities for individuals living with mental illness to become living books and talk openly to readers about their experiences of illness and recovery. In this study, TR students undertook the role of readers. Findings highlight how students shifted their focus from the diagnosis to the person and started questioning their previously held stereotypes about mental illness. Findings also capture how the living library helped to contextualize students’ classroom learning by humanizing course material. We draw from these findings to demonstrate the merit of using contact-based approaches in TR to combat stigma of mental illness. This study has implications for practice and suggests that initiatives aimed at unlearning stigma can be impactful for TR students embarking on careers in health care settings that support the recovery of individuals living with mental illness.
{"title":"Re-Reading Mental Illness : A Living Library as a Pedagogical Tool for Unlearning Stigma","authors":"Darla Fortune, J. Leighton, K. Lopez","doi":"10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i2-11922","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i2-11922","url":null,"abstract":"Living with mental illness often results in varying levels and experiences of stigma. Stigmatizing experiences in health care settings are particularly detrimental because they cause reluctance to seek mental health care, which impedes recovery. While therapeutic recreation (TR) services and programs aim to support recovery, there is a gap in what we know about TR’s role in combatting the stigma of mental illness. To address this gap, this study examined the experiences of TR students who participated in a contact-based initiative known as a living library. This initiative provides opportunities for individuals living with mental illness to become living books and talk openly to readers about their experiences of illness and recovery. In this study, TR students undertook the role of readers. Findings highlight how students shifted their focus from the diagnosis to the person and started questioning their previously held stereotypes about mental illness. Findings also capture how the living library helped to contextualize students’ classroom learning by humanizing course material. We draw from these findings to demonstrate the merit of using contact-based approaches in TR to combat stigma of mental illness. This study has implications for practice and suggests that initiatives aimed at unlearning stigma can be impactful for TR students embarking on careers in health care settings that support the recovery of individuals living with mental illness.","PeriodicalId":45238,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Recreation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45889357","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-09DOI: 10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i2-11760
Melissa L. Zahl, J. Piatt, Christina Coleman
For individuals with spinal cord injury, pain is the leading secondary health condition. SCI-related pain is complicated because it is multifaceted in nature. Individuals with SCI-related pain may experience visceral, neuropathic, and musculoskeletal pain at different locations and with varying intensities at the same time or intermittently. In recent years, SCI scholars created a taxonomy to classify SCI-related pain. This classification was to communicate the complexity of SCI-related pain, as well as to help clinicians and individuals with SCI explain pain experiences. Because of the multifaceted nature of SCI-related pain, many individuals with SCI do not experience relief with conventional oral pharmacological options. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe pain and SCI-related pain and to provide implications for recreational therapy practice. Implications include the identification of potential reliable and valid pain measures for individuals with SCI and evidence-based interventions such as physical activity, complementary and alternative therapies, and multidisciplinary pain management techniques to manage SCI-related pain. Recommendations for research and practice note continuing needs to gather evidence on treatment time and recreational therapy interventions employed with SCI-related pain while developing and testing pain management protocols.
{"title":"Understanding Pain in Individuals with Spinal Cord Injury: Implications for Recreational Therapy Practice","authors":"Melissa L. Zahl, J. Piatt, Christina Coleman","doi":"10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i2-11760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i2-11760","url":null,"abstract":"For individuals with spinal cord injury, pain is the leading secondary health condition. SCI-related pain is complicated because it is multifaceted in nature. Individuals with SCI-related pain may experience visceral, neuropathic, and musculoskeletal pain at different locations and with varying intensities at the same time or intermittently. In recent years, SCI scholars created a taxonomy to classify SCI-related pain. This classification was to communicate the complexity of SCI-related pain, as well as to help clinicians and individuals with SCI explain pain experiences. Because of the multifaceted nature of SCI-related pain, many individuals with SCI do not experience relief with conventional oral pharmacological options. The purpose of this manuscript is to describe pain and SCI-related pain and to provide implications for recreational therapy practice. Implications include the identification of potential reliable and valid pain measures for individuals with SCI and evidence-based interventions such as physical activity, complementary and alternative therapies, and multidisciplinary pain management techniques to manage SCI-related pain. Recommendations for research and practice note continuing needs to gather evidence on treatment time and recreational therapy interventions employed with SCI-related pain while developing and testing pain management protocols.","PeriodicalId":45238,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Recreation Journal","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41640719","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-09DOI: 10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i2-11885
S. Dawson, E. Scott, L. Elder, Edna Omodior, Auriel Holman Harrison
Patients with chronic pain utilize health care services up to five times the rate of the general population while pediatric chronic pain admissions from 2004-2010 increased by 831% (Coffelt et al., 2013; Reddy, 2006). Further complicating this public health epidemic are co-morbid conditions resulting in poor sleep, depression, and anxiety as well as psycho-social problems related to school truancy and poor social networks. Caregiver attitude towards pain may also negatively contribute to the illness, i.e., caregivers may increase chronic pain and functional disability by promoting sedentary lifestyles due to fear avoidance behaviors (Palermo et al., 2014). Interventions are needed to assist adolescents that experience chronic pain. The following is a detailed overview of the Kids B.E.A.R. Pain intervention protocol, a support program for pediatric patients experiencing chronic pain and their caregivers.
{"title":"Kids B.E.A.R. Pain: A Pediatric Chronic Pain Protocol","authors":"S. Dawson, E. Scott, L. Elder, Edna Omodior, Auriel Holman Harrison","doi":"10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i2-11885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i2-11885","url":null,"abstract":"Patients with chronic pain utilize health care services up to five times the rate of the general population while pediatric chronic pain admissions from 2004-2010 increased by 831% (Coffelt et al., 2013; Reddy, 2006). Further complicating this public health epidemic are co-morbid conditions resulting in poor sleep, depression, and anxiety as well as psycho-social problems related to school truancy and poor social networks. Caregiver attitude towards pain may also negatively contribute to the illness, i.e., caregivers may increase chronic pain and functional disability by promoting sedentary lifestyles due to fear avoidance behaviors (Palermo et al., 2014). Interventions are needed to assist adolescents that experience chronic pain. The following is a detailed overview of the Kids B.E.A.R. Pain intervention protocol, a support program for pediatric patients experiencing chronic pain and their caregivers.","PeriodicalId":45238,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Recreation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47276605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-02DOI: 10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i1-11307
D. Devries, Betsy Kemeny
Recreational therapists in Michigan and Pennsylvania were interviewed on their perceptions of the impact of COVID-19 on practice with older adults, including changes to their roles and responsibilities as well as the impact on older adults. Social distancing requirements, limitations on visitors and restrictions on groups trans-formed programming and practice, as well as negatively impacted older adults living in a variety of residential and community-based settings. This qualitative study included 14 recreational therapists. Related to practice, identified themes included the impact on programming, changing roles and responsibilities, how recreational therapists coped with adversity, and their considerations for future practice. Regarding impact on older adults, the resulting themes noted: 1) lack of socialization, 2) emotional and behavioral responses, 3) physical decline, and 4) cognitive decline. The challenges of working with clients living with cognitive impairments and barriers for older adults living in the community are discussed.
{"title":"Recreational Therapists’ Perceptions of the COVID-19 Impact on Older Adult Clients and Professional Practice: A Two-Part Study","authors":"D. Devries, Betsy Kemeny","doi":"10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i1-11307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i1-11307","url":null,"abstract":"Recreational therapists in Michigan and Pennsylvania were interviewed on their perceptions of the impact of COVID-19 on practice with older adults, including changes to their roles and responsibilities as well as the impact on older adults. Social distancing requirements, limitations on visitors and restrictions on groups trans-formed programming and practice, as well as negatively impacted older adults living in a variety of residential and community-based settings. This qualitative study included 14 recreational therapists. Related to practice, identified themes included the impact on programming, changing roles and responsibilities, how recreational therapists coped with adversity, and their considerations for future practice. Regarding impact on older adults, the resulting themes noted: 1) lack of socialization, 2) emotional and behavioral responses, 3) physical decline, and 4) cognitive decline. The challenges of working with clients living with cognitive impairments and barriers for older adults living in the community are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45238,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Recreation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42517563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-02DOI: 10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i1-11660
Shelly Beaver
Inherently embedded within the descriptions, models, and practices of the field of therapeutic recreation, dis-ability models conceptualize disability, guide therapeu-tic processes and service delivery, and influence client experiences and outcomes. Despite their significance, disability models have received limited attention by the field resulting in inconsistencies within the philosophi-cal underpinnings of the recreational therapy profession. The purpose of this article is to increase awareness of disability models and their implications for recreational therapy practice. A brief conceptual overview of three disability models, including the medical, social, and In-ternational Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) models, is provided, and the models’ cur-rent applications in the field of therapeutic recreation are explored. Utilizing a disability studies lens, a critique of the relationships between each disability model and the core concepts of recreational therapy practice is pre-sented. Commentary is provided to stimulate discussion regarding the need for philosophical consistency of dis-ability values across the profession.
{"title":"A Need for Increased Awareness of Disability Models in Recreational Therapy Practice","authors":"Shelly Beaver","doi":"10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i1-11660","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i1-11660","url":null,"abstract":"Inherently embedded within the descriptions, models, and practices of the field of therapeutic recreation, dis-ability models conceptualize disability, guide therapeu-tic processes and service delivery, and influence client experiences and outcomes. Despite their significance, disability models have received limited attention by the field resulting in inconsistencies within the philosophi-cal underpinnings of the recreational therapy profession. The purpose of this article is to increase awareness of disability models and their implications for recreational therapy practice. A brief conceptual overview of three disability models, including the medical, social, and In-ternational Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF) models, is provided, and the models’ cur-rent applications in the field of therapeutic recreation are explored. Utilizing a disability studies lens, a critique of the relationships between each disability model and the core concepts of recreational therapy practice is pre-sented. Commentary is provided to stimulate discussion regarding the need for philosophical consistency of dis-ability values across the profession.","PeriodicalId":45238,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Recreation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47328311","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-02DOI: 10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i1-11706
S. Nagata, B. McCormick
Research suggests that leisure is as an effective coping strategy for depression. The foundational theory of lei-sure coping assumes that leisure coping can be benefi-cial in three ways: mood enhancement, diversion, and companionship. While theorists asserted that the above three strategies are universal, research suggests that the personality trait of extraversion is associated with leisure behavior and may affect the effectiveness of leisure cop-ing strategies. The current study aimed to examine the role of extraversion in the relationship between leisure coping and depressive symptoms. A total of 155 adults with depression (59 males and 96 females) were recruit-ed from four different depression-related venues and responded to an online survey. The results of multiple regression analyses found that extraversion did not affect the relationship of leisure palliative coping and mood en-hancement; however, it significantly moderated the rela-tionship between leisure companionship and depressive symptoms. While a significant negative association be-tween leisure companionship and depressive symptoms was found among extroverts, no significant relationship was observed among introverts. The results suggest that the personality trait of extraversion matters to leisure coping and should be considered to better facilitate rec-reational therapy interventions.
{"title":"The Role of Extraversion in the Effectiveness of Leisure Coping on Depressive Symptoms","authors":"S. Nagata, B. McCormick","doi":"10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i1-11706","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i1-11706","url":null,"abstract":"Research suggests that leisure is as an effective coping strategy for depression. The foundational theory of lei-sure coping assumes that leisure coping can be benefi-cial in three ways: mood enhancement, diversion, and companionship. While theorists asserted that the above three strategies are universal, research suggests that the personality trait of extraversion is associated with leisure behavior and may affect the effectiveness of leisure cop-ing strategies. The current study aimed to examine the role of extraversion in the relationship between leisure coping and depressive symptoms. A total of 155 adults with depression (59 males and 96 females) were recruit-ed from four different depression-related venues and responded to an online survey. The results of multiple regression analyses found that extraversion did not affect the relationship of leisure palliative coping and mood en-hancement; however, it significantly moderated the rela-tionship between leisure companionship and depressive symptoms. While a significant negative association be-tween leisure companionship and depressive symptoms was found among extroverts, no significant relationship was observed among introverts. The results suggest that the personality trait of extraversion matters to leisure coping and should be considered to better facilitate rec-reational therapy interventions.","PeriodicalId":45238,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Recreation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42325921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-02DOI: 10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i1-11128
R. Dieser
This paper describes a logotherapy meaning-centered therapeutic recreation model based on Viktor Frankl’s will to meaning theory and his centrifugal and centrip-etal leisure dichotomy.This manuscript introduces a therapeutic recreation meaning-centered intervention grounded in existentialism and logotherapy, with its focus on human suffering-meaning potentials and self-transcendence. Therapeutic recreation application begins with an assessment focused on understanding the client’s values and meaning potentials then links leisure as a way to discover or experience meaning. Primary intervention strategies are search for meaning and Socratic and ma-ieutic dialog linked to leisure interest finders to help cli-ents experience centripetal leisure. The paper presents an intervention applying these strategies. A concluding sec-tion offers recommendations for education and research.
{"title":"A Logotherapy Meaning-Centered Approach to Therapeutic Recreation Rooted in Centripetal Leisure","authors":"R. Dieser","doi":"10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i1-11128","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/trj-2023-v57-i1-11128","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a logotherapy meaning-centered therapeutic recreation model based on Viktor Frankl’s will to meaning theory and his centrifugal and centrip-etal leisure dichotomy.This manuscript introduces a therapeutic recreation meaning-centered intervention grounded in existentialism and logotherapy, with its focus on human suffering-meaning potentials and self-transcendence. Therapeutic recreation application begins with an assessment focused on understanding the client’s values and meaning potentials then links leisure as a way to discover or experience meaning. Primary intervention strategies are search for meaning and Socratic and ma-ieutic dialog linked to leisure interest finders to help cli-ents experience centripetal leisure. The paper presents an intervention applying these strategies. A concluding sec-tion offers recommendations for education and research.","PeriodicalId":45238,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Recreation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43220577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.18666/trj-2022-v56-i4-11579
Rhonda Nelson, E. Hummel
This study examined the impact of activity-based multisensory-interventions (MSI) provided in a multisensory environment (MSE) on anxiety, agitation, and pain in adults receiving residential treatment for substance use disorder (SUD). Participants (N = 35) were randomly assigned to two groups and all received four, 30- to 45-minute individualized recreational therapy (RT) sessions over the course of two weeks during their residential stay. The experimental group participated in MSI in a MSE. A comparison group participated in RT sessions using table games (TG). Targeted outcomes were assessed using standardized, self-report measures and physiological data. Pre-and post- session assessments revealed significant reduction in anxiety, agitation, and pain, for individuals in both groups. Between groups comparisons documented a significant main effect for treatment (MSI, TG) on anxiety (p <.001), agitation (p = .03), and pain (p = .05) measures with significantly greater symptom reduction for the MSI group. Individuals receiving MSI also presented with significantly reduced respiration rate following the intervention (p <.01). Heart rate changes were non-significant for both groups. A participant survey at the conclusion of sessions yielded feedback that all individuals who received the MSI (n = 18) reported these sessions were a valuable addition to their SUD treatment.
{"title":"Using Multisensory Interventions to Address Anxiety, Agitation, and Pain in Adults Receiving Treatment for a Substance Use Disorder","authors":"Rhonda Nelson, E. Hummel","doi":"10.18666/trj-2022-v56-i4-11579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/trj-2022-v56-i4-11579","url":null,"abstract":"This study examined the impact of activity-based multisensory-interventions (MSI) provided in a multisensory environment (MSE) on anxiety, agitation, and pain in adults receiving residential treatment for substance use disorder (SUD). Participants (N = 35) were randomly assigned to two groups and all received four, 30- to 45-minute individualized recreational therapy (RT) sessions over the course of two weeks during their residential stay. The experimental group participated in MSI in a MSE. A comparison group participated in RT sessions using table games (TG). Targeted outcomes were assessed using standardized, self-report measures and physiological data. Pre-and post- session assessments revealed significant reduction in anxiety, agitation, and pain, for individuals in both groups. Between groups comparisons documented a significant main effect for treatment (MSI, TG) on anxiety (p <.001), agitation (p = .03), and pain (p = .05) measures with significantly greater symptom reduction for the MSI group. Individuals receiving MSI also presented with significantly reduced respiration rate following the intervention (p <.01). Heart rate changes were non-significant for both groups. A participant survey at the conclusion of sessions yielded feedback that all individuals who received the MSI (n = 18) reported these sessions were a valuable addition to their SUD treatment.","PeriodicalId":45238,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Recreation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43947373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-20DOI: 10.18666/trj-2022-v56-i4-11536
Megan C. Janke, Alysha A. Walter
Finding ways to engage adults living with dementia in meaningful and social activities as well as elicit positive emotions and behaviors is important. Intergenerational programs (IGPs) involving young children have been shown to benefit the physical, emotional, and social health of older adults, including those living with dementia, and are often positively received by this population. This study examined how involvement in an IGP was associated with the way that individuals living with dementia engaged and the behaviors that they exhibited during the activities. Fourteen older adults living in a shared-site long term care facility participated in an onsite IGP. Their interactions were recorded over a five-day period immediately prior to the children’s arrival and throughout the duration of the program; adults’ engagement and behaviors were coded using the Menorah Park Engagement Scale (MPES). Findings indicated that there were significant changes in engagement type and the behaviors exhibited by these adults during the IGPs. Constructive engagement significantly increased while non-engagement and other engagement were significantly reduced when the children were present. Greater displays of pleasure and helping behaviors were also exhibited during the IGPs. These findings have implications for recreational therapy practice in long-term care settings and support the use of IGPs with adults living with dementia as a nonpharmacological intervention to improve social engagement in this population.
{"title":"Changes in Engagement for Adults with Dementia: Effects of an Intergenerational Program","authors":"Megan C. Janke, Alysha A. Walter","doi":"10.18666/trj-2022-v56-i4-11536","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.18666/trj-2022-v56-i4-11536","url":null,"abstract":"Finding ways to engage adults living with dementia in meaningful and social activities as well as elicit positive emotions and behaviors is important. Intergenerational programs (IGPs) involving young children have been shown to benefit the physical, emotional, and social health of older adults, including those living with dementia, and are often positively received by this population. This study examined how involvement in an IGP was associated with the way that individuals living with dementia engaged and the behaviors that they exhibited during the activities. Fourteen older adults living in a shared-site long term care facility participated in an onsite IGP. Their interactions were recorded over a five-day period immediately prior to the children’s arrival and throughout the duration of the program; adults’ engagement and behaviors were coded using the Menorah Park Engagement Scale (MPES). Findings indicated that there were significant changes in engagement type and the behaviors exhibited by these adults during the IGPs. Constructive engagement significantly increased while non-engagement and other engagement were significantly reduced when the children were present. Greater displays of pleasure and helping behaviors were also exhibited during the IGPs. These findings have implications for recreational therapy practice in long-term care settings and support the use of IGPs with adults living with dementia as a nonpharmacological intervention to improve social engagement in this population.","PeriodicalId":45238,"journal":{"name":"Therapeutic Recreation Journal","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2022-10-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47719466","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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