Pub Date : 2023-07-23DOI: 10.1080/14780038.2023.2237731
O. Robinson
ABSTRACT Centred on the growing working-class district of East Oxford, this paper makes a detailed analysis of how church-based leisure was organised and experienced in the period c.1870–1914 to discover what role it played for those it involved. Making use of church magazines (themselves little-used sources), it challenges the assumption that all working classes in this period had access to commercial leisure, contests the notion that church leisure was a tool of the middle classes to improve and contain working-class leisure time, and demonstrates the reach of church-based leisure beyond its religious mandate. The paper argues that the development of church-based leisure in East Oxford was born of its socioeconomic context and shaped by the local community into an affordable, accessible and inclusive means of collective enjoyment and personal achievement, sustained by creative and diverse financial strategies. Rather than reflecting a discrete church culture distinct from that of secular entertainment, the research reveals a complex interaction between spheres of influence reaching far beyond church and chapel. The way in which church-based leisure functioned in East Oxford brought clear benefits both to individuals and to the wider community––benefits which could not be accessed through commercial leisure––and demonstrate the unique role of church leisure in a working-class suburb, a function hitherto unexplored and poorly understood.
{"title":"Pious Pleasure? Church-Based Leisure in a Working-Class Community, East Oxford 1870–1914","authors":"O. Robinson","doi":"10.1080/14780038.2023.2237731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14780038.2023.2237731","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Centred on the growing working-class district of East Oxford, this paper makes a detailed analysis of how church-based leisure was organised and experienced in the period c.1870–1914 to discover what role it played for those it involved. Making use of church magazines (themselves little-used sources), it challenges the assumption that all working classes in this period had access to commercial leisure, contests the notion that church leisure was a tool of the middle classes to improve and contain working-class leisure time, and demonstrates the reach of church-based leisure beyond its religious mandate. The paper argues that the development of church-based leisure in East Oxford was born of its socioeconomic context and shaped by the local community into an affordable, accessible and inclusive means of collective enjoyment and personal achievement, sustained by creative and diverse financial strategies. Rather than reflecting a discrete church culture distinct from that of secular entertainment, the research reveals a complex interaction between spheres of influence reaching far beyond church and chapel. The way in which church-based leisure functioned in East Oxford brought clear benefits both to individuals and to the wider community––benefits which could not be accessed through commercial leisure––and demonstrate the unique role of church leisure in a working-class suburb, a function hitherto unexplored and poorly understood.","PeriodicalId":45240,"journal":{"name":"Cultural & Social History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-07-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45237582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-23DOI: 10.1080/14780038.2023.2228960
N. Christie, Michael Gauvreau
ABSTRACT This article draws on evidence from the voluminous criminal and civil legal archives of Quebec between 1760 and 1820 to present the dynamic economic activity of married women in an expanding colonial economy. This stands as an alternative to histories which have seen women’s entrepreneurship confined to single women or widows. It argues that despite the hybridity that developed between British and French legal systems, which some historians have argued confined women to traditional roles, this colonial society was characterised by a dual-income model of the household, where married women were strategically able to utilise their roles within the marital economy to carve out relatively independent existences as entrepreneurs, enmeshed in ligaments of credit and debt.
{"title":"‘From This Common Collaboration’: Married Women and Economic Enterprise in Quebec Under the British Regime C. 1763-1820","authors":"N. Christie, Michael Gauvreau","doi":"10.1080/14780038.2023.2228960","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14780038.2023.2228960","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article draws on evidence from the voluminous criminal and civil legal archives of Quebec between 1760 and 1820 to present the dynamic economic activity of married women in an expanding colonial economy. This stands as an alternative to histories which have seen women’s entrepreneurship confined to single women or widows. It argues that despite the hybridity that developed between British and French legal systems, which some historians have argued confined women to traditional roles, this colonial society was characterised by a dual-income model of the household, where married women were strategically able to utilise their roles within the marital economy to carve out relatively independent existences as entrepreneurs, enmeshed in ligaments of credit and debt.","PeriodicalId":45240,"journal":{"name":"Cultural & Social History","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42945790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-01DOI: 10.1080/14780038.2023.2219493
Kathryn Hurlock
ABSTRACT In the nineteenth century, attitudes towards Catholic pilgrimage travel became increasingly critical as newspaper reporters and writers attacked pilgrims for choosing to travel in comfort, and at speed, by train. This paper argues that the reason for this change can be pinpointed to two key things: the widespread popularity of a comic verse, The Pilgrim and the Peas, and the 1873 English Pilgrimage by rail to Paray-le-Monial. It argues that together these two factors were instrumental in shaping modern British attitudes to how pilgrimage should, and should not, be conducted and cemented the idea that a pilgrimage should be a journey of hardship undertaken on foot.
{"title":"The Pilgrim and the Peas and Pilgrimage by Rail: Defining acceptable pilgrimage practices in Nineteenth-Century Britain","authors":"Kathryn Hurlock","doi":"10.1080/14780038.2023.2219493","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14780038.2023.2219493","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In the nineteenth century, attitudes towards Catholic pilgrimage travel became increasingly critical as newspaper reporters and writers attacked pilgrims for choosing to travel in comfort, and at speed, by train. This paper argues that the reason for this change can be pinpointed to two key things: the widespread popularity of a comic verse, The Pilgrim and the Peas, and the 1873 English Pilgrimage by rail to Paray-le-Monial. It argues that together these two factors were instrumental in shaping modern British attitudes to how pilgrimage should, and should not, be conducted and cemented the idea that a pilgrimage should be a journey of hardship undertaken on foot.","PeriodicalId":45240,"journal":{"name":"Cultural & Social History","volume":"20 1","pages":"537 - 550"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43382327","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-27DOI: 10.1080/14780038.2023.2183625
Helen Dampier, Rebecca M. Gill
The celebrity journalist Stacey Dooley’s selfie holding a bemused Ugandan child prompted comments that the world did not need any more white saviours. Such self-representations are instantly familiar, for celebrity humanitarian as mediator of compassion has deep historical roots. Humanitarian activists and organisations have always relied upon narratives of the self to promote their work. Their accounts of self-realisation, emotional awakening and spiritual or quasi-spiritual quests for meaning offer a means to self-accountability and function also to promote ideals, causes and organisational identity. Our contention in this Special Issue is that humanitarian biographies – understood here as both life writings and life histories – are crucial to understanding the formation of humanitarianism as a field of cultural production with its own (often highly gendered) genres, emotional repertoires and performativity. On the one hand, as Dal Lago and O’Sullivan have suggested, the life history of the individual can illuminate the contradictions and contingencies in humanitarian action and illustrate the transnational dimensions of their work. On the other hand, personal narratives of spontaneous compassion, spiritual quest and professional values are the means by which moral reason is bestowed upon interventions in strangers’ lives and given social value. Notably, this is a field in which prominent biographies can be made to stand for the consistency of organisational ideals even where the nature of humanitarian work and its funding-base has undergone significant change. An exploration of the interplay between biography as the ‘lived life’ and biography as self-representation is germane to our agenda of critically re-examining the production of the sources of knowledge and authority upon which humanitarian narratives are written, public appeals are made and individual and organisational humanitarian action is undertaken and explicated. The articles in this Special Issue consider the life histories and life writings of individuals in Britain and British-colonial and missionary-imperial settings, at times as lone actors and at others as members of humanitarian organisations, each with distinctly different public profiles and biographical traces, and each instantiating multiple imperial, international and national layers of humanitarian action. These include considerations of the construction of the humanitarian self in female pacifist accounts in our article on Emily Hobhouse and the 1899–1902 South African War and in Bertrand Taithe and Adam Millar’s article on Huddersfield Famine Relief Committee (Hudfam) founder Elizabeth Wilson. Analysis of
{"title":"Introduction: Humanitarianism and Biography","authors":"Helen Dampier, Rebecca M. Gill","doi":"10.1080/14780038.2023.2183625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14780038.2023.2183625","url":null,"abstract":"The celebrity journalist Stacey Dooley’s selfie holding a bemused Ugandan child prompted comments that the world did not need any more white saviours. Such self-representations are instantly familiar, for celebrity humanitarian as mediator of compassion has deep historical roots. Humanitarian activists and organisations have always relied upon narratives of the self to promote their work. Their accounts of self-realisation, emotional awakening and spiritual or quasi-spiritual quests for meaning offer a means to self-accountability and function also to promote ideals, causes and organisational identity. Our contention in this Special Issue is that humanitarian biographies – understood here as both life writings and life histories – are crucial to understanding the formation of humanitarianism as a field of cultural production with its own (often highly gendered) genres, emotional repertoires and performativity. On the one hand, as Dal Lago and O’Sullivan have suggested, the life history of the individual can illuminate the contradictions and contingencies in humanitarian action and illustrate the transnational dimensions of their work. On the other hand, personal narratives of spontaneous compassion, spiritual quest and professional values are the means by which moral reason is bestowed upon interventions in strangers’ lives and given social value. Notably, this is a field in which prominent biographies can be made to stand for the consistency of organisational ideals even where the nature of humanitarian work and its funding-base has undergone significant change. An exploration of the interplay between biography as the ‘lived life’ and biography as self-representation is germane to our agenda of critically re-examining the production of the sources of knowledge and authority upon which humanitarian narratives are written, public appeals are made and individual and organisational humanitarian action is undertaken and explicated. The articles in this Special Issue consider the life histories and life writings of individuals in Britain and British-colonial and missionary-imperial settings, at times as lone actors and at others as members of humanitarian organisations, each with distinctly different public profiles and biographical traces, and each instantiating multiple imperial, international and national layers of humanitarian action. These include considerations of the construction of the humanitarian self in female pacifist accounts in our article on Emily Hobhouse and the 1899–1902 South African War and in Bertrand Taithe and Adam Millar’s article on Huddersfield Famine Relief Committee (Hudfam) founder Elizabeth Wilson. Analysis of","PeriodicalId":45240,"journal":{"name":"Cultural & Social History","volume":"20 1","pages":"317 - 327"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44973086","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-27DOI: 10.1080/14780038.2023.2215073
Muyang Zhuang
ABSTRACT This article examines cartoons reflecting rural North China created by Chinese collaborationist artists during the Second Sino-Japanese War. I argue that these cartoons showcased a transition in the discourse of rural modernisation. I examine the image of Japanese-occupied rural North China from the perspectives of cultural history and visual culture studies. Analysing cartoons by northern Chinese collaborationist cartoonists, I delineate the transformation of the image of rural North China before and after 1937 and present the process in which rural North China was reconceptualised, reshaped, and visualised by pro-Japanese propaganda after 1937.
{"title":"Cartooning Collaboration: Cultural Production and the Image of Rural North China Under Japanese Occupation","authors":"Muyang Zhuang","doi":"10.1080/14780038.2023.2215073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14780038.2023.2215073","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines cartoons reflecting rural North China created by Chinese collaborationist artists during the Second Sino-Japanese War. I argue that these cartoons showcased a transition in the discourse of rural modernisation. I examine the image of Japanese-occupied rural North China from the perspectives of cultural history and visual culture studies. Analysing cartoons by northern Chinese collaborationist cartoonists, I delineate the transformation of the image of rural North China before and after 1937 and present the process in which rural North China was reconceptualised, reshaped, and visualised by pro-Japanese propaganda after 1937.","PeriodicalId":45240,"journal":{"name":"Cultural & Social History","volume":"20 1","pages":"573 - 595"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45120421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-27DOI: 10.1080/14780038.2023.2201055
Rosemary Cresswell
ABSTRACT Between 1943 and 1963, Frederick James Marquis, Lord Woolton, was the Chairman of the Executive Committee of the British Red Cross Society (BRCS) and held key roles in the International Red Cross Movement in the aftermath of war. This article examines how the director of a department store chain, Lewis’s, who became a member of the Conservative Party’s Cabinet in 1951, was the chair of the BRCS at such a key time in its history – the reframing of the charity after the Second World War and the launch of the National Health Service. Woolton not only had experience in retail but also in social work in Manchester and Liverpool, in roles supporting the governments in both wars, famously as Minister of Food during the Second World War, and latterly in party politics. This research takes a biographical approach, utilising Woolton’s memoir and his personal papers at the Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford, together with Red Cross archives, to explore how Woolton contextualised his career through his background in social work, constructing a humanitarian narrative in his memoir.
摘要1943年至1963年间，弗雷德里克·詹姆斯·马奎斯（Frederick James Marquis，Lord Woolton）是英国红十字会（BRCS）执行委员会主席，在战后的国际红十字运动中发挥了关键作用。这篇文章探讨了1951年成为保守党内阁成员的连锁百货公司Lewis’s的董事是如何在BRCS历史上如此关键的时刻担任主席的——第二次世界大战后慈善机构的重建和国家卫生服务的启动。伍尔顿不仅在零售业有丰富的经验，还在曼彻斯特和利物浦从事社会工作，在两次战争中都为政府提供支持，在第二次世界大战期间担任过著名的食品部长，最近还参与过政党政治。这项研究采用了传记的方法，利用伍尔顿的回忆录和他在牛津大学博德利图书馆的个人论文，以及红十字会的档案，探索伍尔顿如何通过他的社会工作背景，将他的职业生涯背景化，在回忆录中构建人道主义叙事。
{"title":"Lord Woolton: A Life of 'Social Work' and Humanitarianism","authors":"Rosemary Cresswell","doi":"10.1080/14780038.2023.2201055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14780038.2023.2201055","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Between 1943 and 1963, Frederick James Marquis, Lord Woolton, was the Chairman of the Executive Committee of the British Red Cross Society (BRCS) and held key roles in the International Red Cross Movement in the aftermath of war. This article examines how the director of a department store chain, Lewis’s, who became a member of the Conservative Party’s Cabinet in 1951, was the chair of the BRCS at such a key time in its history – the reframing of the charity after the Second World War and the launch of the National Health Service. Woolton not only had experience in retail but also in social work in Manchester and Liverpool, in roles supporting the governments in both wars, famously as Minister of Food during the Second World War, and latterly in party politics. This research takes a biographical approach, utilising Woolton’s memoir and his personal papers at the Bodleian Libraries, University of Oxford, together with Red Cross archives, to explore how Woolton contextualised his career through his background in social work, constructing a humanitarian narrative in his memoir.","PeriodicalId":45240,"journal":{"name":"Cultural & Social History","volume":"20 1","pages":"405 - 428"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42910799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-15DOI: 10.1080/14780038.2023.2210872
R. Davidson
{"title":"Probation and the Policing of the Private Sphere in Britain, 1907-1962","authors":"R. Davidson","doi":"10.1080/14780038.2023.2210872","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14780038.2023.2210872","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45240,"journal":{"name":"Cultural & Social History","volume":"20 1","pages":"474 - 475"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47435828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-14DOI: 10.1080/14780038.2023.2210865
Michael Hunter
{"title":"Engraving Accuracy in Early Modern England: Visual Communication and the Royal Society","authors":"Michael Hunter","doi":"10.1080/14780038.2023.2210865","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14780038.2023.2210865","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45240,"journal":{"name":"Cultural & Social History","volume":"20 1","pages":"461 - 462"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43443700","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-14DOI: 10.1080/14780038.2023.2210871
Rachel Bates
{"title":"The Crimean War and its Afterlife: Making Modern Britain","authors":"Rachel Bates","doi":"10.1080/14780038.2023.2210871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14780038.2023.2210871","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45240,"journal":{"name":"Cultural & Social History","volume":"20 1","pages":"472 - 473"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47486944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-14DOI: 10.1080/14780038.2023.2210869
E. Royle
{"title":"Knowing One’s Place: Community and Class in the Industrial Suburbs of Leeds during the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries","authors":"E. Royle","doi":"10.1080/14780038.2023.2210869","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14780038.2023.2210869","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45240,"journal":{"name":"Cultural & Social History","volume":"20 1","pages":"468 - 470"},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2023-05-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42025778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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