{"title":"Optimal Supervisory Control of the Series HEV with Consideration of Temperature Effects on Battery Fading and Cooling Loss","authors":"Xueyu Zhang, Z. Filipi","doi":"10.4271/2016-01-1239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-1239","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45258,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4271/2016-01-1239","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70812344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An unsupervised machine-learning technique, aimed at the identification of the optimal rule-based control strategy, has been developed for parallel hybrid electric vehicles that feature a torque-coupling (TC) device, a speed-coupling (SC) device or a dual-mode system, which is able to realize both actions. The approach is based on the preliminary identification of the optimal control strategy, which is carried out by means of a benchmark optimizer, based on the deterministic dynamic programming technique, for different driving scenarios. The optimization is carried out by selecting the optimal values of the control variables (i.e., transmission gear and power flow) in order to minimize fuel consumption, while taking into account several constraints in terms of NOx emissions, battery state of charge and battery life consumption. The results of the benchmark optimizer are then processed with the aim of extracting a set of optimal rule-based control strategies, which can be implemented onboard in real-time. The input variables of the rule-based strategy are the vehicle power demand, the vehicle speed and the state of charge of the battery. The method for the rule extraction can be summarized as follows. A clustering algorithm discretizes the input domain (in terms of vehicle power demand, vehicle speed and state of charge of the battery) into a mesh of clusters. The generic rule associated to a specific cluster (i.e., the combination of gear and power flow that has to be actuated) is identified by searching for the control strategy most frequently adopted by the benchmark optimizer within the considered cluster. The optimal mesh of clusters is generated using a genetic algorithm technique. Optimal sets of rules are identified for different driving scenarios. These strategies can then be implemented on-board, provided the mission features are known at the beginning of the trip. The main advantage of the proposed technique is that the definition of the rule-based strategy is derived from a machine learning method and is not based on heuristic techniques.
{"title":"An unsupervised machine-learning technique for the definition of a rule-based control strategy in a complex HEV","authors":"Roberto Finesso, E. Spessa, Mattia Venditti","doi":"10.4271/2016-01-1243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-1243","url":null,"abstract":"An unsupervised machine-learning technique, aimed at the identification of the optimal rule-based control strategy, has been developed for parallel hybrid electric vehicles that feature a torque-coupling (TC) device, a speed-coupling (SC) device or a dual-mode system, which is able to realize both actions. The approach is based on the preliminary identification of the optimal control strategy, which is carried out by means of a benchmark optimizer, based on the deterministic dynamic programming technique, for different driving scenarios. The optimization is carried out by selecting the optimal values of the control variables (i.e., transmission gear and power flow) in order to minimize fuel consumption, while taking into account several constraints in terms of NOx emissions, battery state of charge and battery life consumption. The results of the benchmark optimizer are then processed with the aim of extracting a set of optimal rule-based control strategies, which can be implemented onboard in real-time. The input variables of the rule-based strategy are the vehicle power demand, the vehicle speed and the state of charge of the battery. The method for the rule extraction can be summarized as follows. A clustering algorithm discretizes the input domain (in terms of vehicle power demand, vehicle speed and state of charge of the battery) into a mesh of clusters. The generic rule associated to a specific cluster (i.e., the combination of gear and power flow that has to be actuated) is identified by searching for the control strategy most frequently adopted by the benchmark optimizer within the considered cluster. The optimal mesh of clusters is generated using a genetic algorithm technique. Optimal sets of rules are identified for different driving scenarios. These strategies can then be implemented on-board, provided the mission features are known at the beginning of the trip. The main advantage of the proposed technique is that the definition of the rule-based strategy is derived from a machine learning method and is not based on heuristic techniques.","PeriodicalId":45258,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4271/2016-01-1243","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70812359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Technical Development of Electro Magnetic Compatibility for Plug-in Hybrid Vehicle / Electric Vehicle Using Wireless Power Transfer System","authors":"A. Mori","doi":"10.4271/2016-01-1161","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-1161","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45258,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4271/2016-01-1161","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70811681","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vibration Torque Interception using Multi-Functional Electromagnetic Coupling in a HEV Drive Line","authors":"Takao Watanabe, Tadashi Fujiyoshi, Akira Murakami","doi":"10.4271/2016-01-1181","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-1181","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45258,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4271/2016-01-1181","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70811953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Study on the Characteristics of an Oil-Free Centrifugal Compressor for Fuel Cell Vehicles","authors":"Kyoung-Ku Ha, C. Lee, C. Kim, S. Kim, Byungki Ahn","doi":"10.4271/2016-01-1184","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-1184","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45258,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4271/2016-01-1184","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70812021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Brendan Conlon, Mindy L. Barth, Charles Hua, Clifford Lyons, Dan Nguy, Margaret Palardy
{"title":"Development of Hybrid-Electric Propulsion System for 2016 Chevrolet Malibu","authors":"Brendan Conlon, Mindy L. Barth, Charles Hua, Clifford Lyons, Dan Nguy, Margaret Palardy","doi":"10.4271/2016-01-1169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-1169","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45258,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4271/2016-01-1169","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70811455","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Design and Optimisation of the Propulsion Control Strategy for a Pneumatic Hybrid City Bus","authors":"Ran Bao, R. Stobart","doi":"10.4271/2016-01-1175","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-1175","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45258,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4271/2016-01-1175","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70812132","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Employing Hot Wire Anemometry to Directly Measure the Water Balance of a Commercial Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell Stack","authors":"S. A. Shakhshir, T. Berning","doi":"10.4271/2016-01-1191","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-1191","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45258,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4271/2016-01-1191","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70812249","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Improvement of Ride Comfort by Unsprung Negative Skyhook Damper Control Using In-Wheel Motors","authors":"E. Katsuyama, Ayana Omae","doi":"10.4271/2016-01-1678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-1678","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45258,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Alternative Powertrains","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-04-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.4271/2016-01-1678","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70818383","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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