Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.22044/JME.2020.10170.1953
A. Mwangi, Z. Jianhua, H. Gang, R. M. Kasomo, I. M. Matidza
The ultimate pit limit optimization (UPLO) serves as an important step in the mine planning process. Various approaches of maximum flow algorithms such as pseudo-flow and push-relabel have been used for pit optimization, and have given good results. The Boykov-Kolmogorov (BK) maximum flow algorithm has been used in solving the computer vision problems and has given great practical results but it has never been applied in UPLO. In this work, we formulate and use the BK maximum flow algorithm and the push-relabel maximum flow algorithm in MATLAB Boost Graph Library within the MATLAB software in order to perform UPLO in two case studies. Comparing both case studies for the BK maximum flow algorithm and push-relabel maximum flow algorithm gives the same maximum pit values but the BK maximum flow algorithm reduces the time consumed by 12% in the first case and 16% in the second case. This successful application of the BK maximum flow algorithm shows that it can also be used in UPLO.
{"title":"Ultimate Pit Limit Optimization using Boykov-Kolmogorov Maximum Flow Algorithm","authors":"A. Mwangi, Z. Jianhua, H. Gang, R. M. Kasomo, I. M. Matidza","doi":"10.22044/JME.2020.10170.1953","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22044/JME.2020.10170.1953","url":null,"abstract":"The ultimate pit limit optimization (UPLO) serves as an important step in the mine planning process. Various approaches of maximum flow algorithms such as pseudo-flow and push-relabel have been used for pit optimization, and have given good results. The Boykov-Kolmogorov (BK) maximum flow algorithm has been used in solving the computer vision problems and has given great practical results but it has never been applied in UPLO. In this work, we formulate and use the BK maximum flow algorithm and the push-relabel maximum flow algorithm in MATLAB Boost Graph Library within the MATLAB software in order to perform UPLO in two case studies. Comparing both case studies for the BK maximum flow algorithm and push-relabel maximum flow algorithm gives the same maximum pit values but the BK maximum flow algorithm reduces the time consumed by 12% in the first case and 16% in the second case. This successful application of the BK maximum flow algorithm shows that it can also be used in UPLO.","PeriodicalId":45259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Environment","volume":"12 1","pages":"1-13"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68385550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.22044/JME.2020.9580.1871
V. Sarfarazi, A. Tabaroei
In this work, the effect of rock bolt angle on the shear behavior of Rock Bridges is investigated using the particle flow code in two dimensions (PFC2D) for three different Rock Bridge lengths. Firstly, the calibration of PF2D is performed to reproduce the gypsum sample. Then the numerical models with the dimensions of 100 mm * 100 mm are prepared. The Rock Bridge is created in the middle of the model by removal of the narrow bands of discs from it. The uniaxial compressive strength of the Rock Bridge is 7.4 MPa. The Rock Bridge lengths are 30 mm, 50 mm, and 70 mm. The rock bolt is calibrated by a parallel bond. The tensile strength of the simulated rock bolt is 360 MPa.One rock bolt is implemented in the Rock Bridge. The rock bolt angles related to the horizontal axis are the changes from 0 to 75 degrees. Totally, 18 models are prepared. The shear test condition is added to the models. The normal stress is fixed at 2 MPa, and the shear load is added to the model till failure occurs. The results obtained show that in a fixed rock bolt angle, the tensile crack initiates from the joint tip and propagates parallel to the shear loading axis till coalescence to rock bolt. In a constant Rock Bridge length, the shear strength decreases with increase in the rock bolt angle. The highest shear strength occurs when the rock bolt angle is 0°.
{"title":"Numerical Investigation of Effect of Rock Bolt Angle on Shear Behavior of Rock Bridges","authors":"V. Sarfarazi, A. Tabaroei","doi":"10.22044/JME.2020.9580.1871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22044/JME.2020.9580.1871","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the effect of rock bolt angle on the shear behavior of Rock Bridges is investigated using the particle flow code in two dimensions (PFC2D) for three different Rock Bridge lengths. Firstly, the calibration of PF2D is performed to reproduce the gypsum sample. Then the numerical models with the dimensions of 100 mm * 100 mm are prepared. The Rock Bridge is created in the middle of the model by removal of the narrow bands of discs from it. The uniaxial compressive strength of the Rock Bridge is 7.4 MPa. The Rock Bridge lengths are 30 mm, 50 mm, and 70 mm. The rock bolt is calibrated by a parallel bond. The tensile strength of the simulated rock bolt is 360 MPa.One rock bolt is implemented in the Rock Bridge. The rock bolt angles related to the horizontal axis are the changes from 0 to 75 degrees. Totally, 18 models are prepared. The shear test condition is added to the models. The normal stress is fixed at 2 MPa, and the shear load is added to the model till failure occurs. The results obtained show that in a fixed rock bolt angle, the tensile crack initiates from the joint tip and propagates parallel to the shear loading axis till coalescence to rock bolt. In a constant Rock Bridge length, the shear strength decreases with increase in the rock bolt angle. The highest shear strength occurs when the rock bolt angle is 0°.","PeriodicalId":45259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Environment","volume":"11 1","pages":"1007-1022"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47594924","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.22044/JME.2020.9910.1918
Seyed Amir Kaboli, M. Bahaaddini, Seyed M. Kaboli
Traditionally, the earthmoving operations have been developed based on the minimum cost per production criterion. Nowadays, due to the negative impacts of the emissions on the environment, there is an increasing public awareness to reduce the emissions from the earthmoving operations. Different management strategies can be employed to reduce emissions, amongst other things, which can also result in a reduction in the operational costs. This paper aims to examine the cost and emissions related to the earthmoving equipment from an operational standpoint. The queue theory is used in order to demonstrate that the optimum cost per production fleet size and the optimum emissions per production coincide. The linear and non-linear server utilization functions are employed to present a general optimization proof independent from any specific case study. The findings of this research work provide a better understanding of the relationship between the emissions and cost and how the under-trucking and over-trucking conditions affect the productivity and environmental affairs in the earthmoving operations.
{"title":"Optimal Earthmoving Fleet Size for Minimising Emissions and Cost","authors":"Seyed Amir Kaboli, M. Bahaaddini, Seyed M. Kaboli","doi":"10.22044/JME.2020.9910.1918","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22044/JME.2020.9910.1918","url":null,"abstract":"Traditionally, the earthmoving operations have been developed based on the minimum cost per production criterion. Nowadays, due to the negative impacts of the emissions on the environment, there is an increasing public awareness to reduce the emissions from the earthmoving operations. Different management strategies can be employed to reduce emissions, amongst other things, which can also result in a reduction in the operational costs. This paper aims to examine the cost and emissions related to the earthmoving equipment from an operational standpoint. The queue theory is used in order to demonstrate that the optimum cost per production fleet size and the optimum emissions per production coincide. The linear and non-linear server utilization functions are employed to present a general optimization proof independent from any specific case study. The findings of this research work provide a better understanding of the relationship between the emissions and cost and how the under-trucking and over-trucking conditions affect the productivity and environmental affairs in the earthmoving operations.","PeriodicalId":45259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Environment","volume":"11 1","pages":"949-965"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47463223","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.22044/JME.2020.10031.1938
B. J. Shokri, Hesam Dehghani, R. Shamsi, F. D. Ardejani
This work presents a quantitative predicting likely acid mine drainage (AMD) generation process throughout tailing particles resulting from the Sarcheshmeh copper mine in the south of Iran. Indeed, four predictive relationships for the remaining pyrite fraction, remaining chalcopyrite fraction, sulfate concentration, and pH have been suggested by applying the gene expression programming (GEP) algorithms. For this, after gathering an appropriate database, some of the most significant parameters such as the tailing particle depths, initial remaining pyrite and chalcopyrite fractions, and concentrations of bicarbonate, nitrite, nitrate, and chloride are considered as the input data. Then 30% of the data is chosen as the training data randomly, while the validation data is included in 70% of the dataset. Subsequently, the relationships are proposed using GEP. The high values of correlation coefficients (0.92, 0.91, 0.86, and 0.89) as well as the low values of RMS errors (0.140, 0.014, 150.301, and 0.543) for the remaining pyrite fraction, remaining chalcopyrite fraction, sulfate concentration, and pH prove that these relationships can be successfully validated. The results obtained also reveal that GEP can be applied as a new-fangled method in order to predict the AMD generation process.
{"title":"Prediction of Acid Mine Drainage Generation Potential of A Copper Mine Tailings Using Gene Expression Programming-A Case Study","authors":"B. J. Shokri, Hesam Dehghani, R. Shamsi, F. D. Ardejani","doi":"10.22044/JME.2020.10031.1938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22044/JME.2020.10031.1938","url":null,"abstract":"This work presents a quantitative predicting likely acid mine drainage (AMD) generation process throughout tailing particles resulting from the Sarcheshmeh copper mine in the south of Iran. Indeed, four predictive relationships for the remaining pyrite fraction, remaining chalcopyrite fraction, sulfate concentration, and pH have been suggested by applying the gene expression programming (GEP) algorithms. For this, after gathering an appropriate database, some of the most significant parameters such as the tailing particle depths, initial remaining pyrite and chalcopyrite fractions, and concentrations of bicarbonate, nitrite, nitrate, and chloride are considered as the input data. Then 30% of the data is chosen as the training data randomly, while the validation data is included in 70% of the dataset. Subsequently, the relationships are proposed using GEP. The high values of correlation coefficients (0.92, 0.91, 0.86, and 0.89) as well as the low values of RMS errors (0.140, 0.014, 150.301, and 0.543) for the remaining pyrite fraction, remaining chalcopyrite fraction, sulfate concentration, and pH prove that these relationships can be successfully validated. The results obtained also reveal that GEP can be applied as a new-fangled method in order to predict the AMD generation process.","PeriodicalId":45259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Environment","volume":"11 1","pages":"1127-1140"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47158620","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.22044/JME.2020.10128.1951
Hassan Sarfaraz
One of the most conventional toppling instabilities is the block-flexural toppling failure that occurs in civil and mining engineering projects. In this kind of failure, some rock columns are broken due to tensile bending stresses, and the others are overturned due to their weights, and finally, all of the blocks topple together. A specific feature of spheroidal weathering is the rounding of the rock column edges. In the mode of flexural toppling failure, rounding of edges happens only at the upper corners of the block but in the block toppling failure mode, due to the presence of cross-joints at the base of the block, rounding of edges also occurs at the base of the block. In this work, a theoretical model is offered to block-flexural toppling failure regarding the erosion phenomenon. The suggested methodology is evaluated through a typical example and a case study. The results of this research work illustrate that in the stable slopes with rectangular prismatic blocks, where the safety factor value is close to one, the slope is subjected to failure due to erosion. Also the results obtained show that the recommended approach is conservative in analyzing the block-flexural toppling failure, and this approach can be applied to evaluate this failure.
{"title":"Stability analysis of block-flexural toppling of rock blocks with round edges","authors":"Hassan Sarfaraz","doi":"10.22044/JME.2020.10128.1951","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22044/JME.2020.10128.1951","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most conventional toppling instabilities is the block-flexural toppling failure that occurs in civil and mining engineering projects. In this kind of failure, some rock columns are broken due to tensile bending stresses, and the others are overturned due to their weights, and finally, all of the blocks topple together. A specific feature of spheroidal weathering is the rounding of the rock column edges. In the mode of flexural toppling failure, rounding of edges happens only at the upper corners of the block but in the block toppling failure mode, due to the presence of cross-joints at the base of the block, rounding of edges also occurs at the base of the block. In this work, a theoretical model is offered to block-flexural toppling failure regarding the erosion phenomenon. The suggested methodology is evaluated through a typical example and a case study. The results of this research work illustrate that in the stable slopes with rectangular prismatic blocks, where the safety factor value is close to one, the slope is subjected to failure due to erosion. Also the results obtained show that the recommended approach is conservative in analyzing the block-flexural toppling failure, and this approach can be applied to evaluate this failure.","PeriodicalId":45259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Environment","volume":"11 1","pages":"1217-1229"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43573255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.22044/JME.2020.10079.1944
B. S. Saljoughi, A. Hezarkhani
In this paper, we aim to achieve two specific objectives. The first one is to examine the applicability of wavelet neural network (WNN) technique in ore grade estimation, which is based on integration between wavelet theory and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Different wavelets are applied as activation functions to estimate Cu grade of borehole data in the hypogene zone of porphyry ore deposit, Shahr-e-Babak district, SE Iran. WNN parameters such as dilation and translation are fixed and only the weights of the network are optimized during its learning process. The efficacy of this type of network in function learning and estimation is compared with Ordinary Kriging (OK). Secondly, we aim to delineate the potassic and phyllic alteration regions in the hypogene zone of Cu porphyry deposit based on the estimation obtained of WNN and OK methods, and utilize Concentration–Volume (C–V) fractal model. In this regard, at first C–V log–log plots are generated based on the results of OK and WNN. The plots then are used to determine the Cu threshold values of the alteration zones. To investigate the correlation between geological model and C-V fractal results, the log ratio matrix is applied. The results showed that, Cu values less than 1.1% from WNN have more overlapped voxels with phyllic alteration zone by overall accuracy (OA) of 0.74. Spatial correlation between the potassic alteration zones resulted from 3D geological modeling and high concentration zones in C-V fractal model showed that the alteration zone has Cu values between 1.1% and 2.2% with OA of 0.72 and finally have an appropriate overlap with Cu values greater than 2.2% with OA of 0.7. Generally, the results showed that the WNN (Morlet activation function) with OA greater than OK can be can be a suitable and robust tool for quantitative modeling of alteration zones, instead of qualitative methods.
{"title":"Delineation of Alteration Zones Based on Wavelet Neural Network (WNN) and Concentration–Volume (C-V) Fractal Methods in the Hypogene Zone of Porphyry Copper Deposit, Shahr-e-Babak District, SE Iran","authors":"B. S. Saljoughi, A. Hezarkhani","doi":"10.22044/JME.2020.10079.1944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22044/JME.2020.10079.1944","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we aim to achieve two specific objectives. The first one is to examine the applicability of wavelet neural network (WNN) technique in ore grade estimation, which is based on integration between wavelet theory and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). Different wavelets are applied as activation functions to estimate Cu grade of borehole data in the hypogene zone of porphyry ore deposit, Shahr-e-Babak district, SE Iran. WNN parameters such as dilation and translation are fixed and only the weights of the network are optimized during its learning process. The efficacy of this type of network in function learning and estimation is compared with Ordinary Kriging (OK). Secondly, we aim to delineate the potassic and phyllic alteration regions in the hypogene zone of Cu porphyry deposit based on the estimation obtained of WNN and OK methods, and utilize Concentration–Volume (C–V) fractal model. In this regard, at first C–V log–log plots are generated based on the results of OK and WNN. The plots then are used to determine the Cu threshold values of the alteration zones. To investigate the correlation between geological model and C-V fractal results, the log ratio matrix is applied. The results showed that, Cu values less than 1.1% from WNN have more overlapped voxels with phyllic alteration zone by overall accuracy (OA) of 0.74. Spatial correlation between the potassic alteration zones resulted from 3D geological modeling and high concentration zones in C-V fractal model showed that the alteration zone has Cu values between 1.1% and 2.2% with OA of 0.72 and finally have an appropriate overlap with Cu values greater than 2.2% with OA of 0.7. Generally, the results showed that the WNN (Morlet activation function) with OA greater than OK can be can be a suitable and robust tool for quantitative modeling of alteration zones, instead of qualitative methods.","PeriodicalId":45259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Environment","volume":"11 1","pages":"1173-1190"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43773901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.22044/JME.2020.9668.1879
A. Owolabi
In this paper, we report a geospatial assessment of the selected mine sites in the Plateau State, Nigeria. The aim of this work is to determine the impact of mining on the terrain as well as the Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) of the host communities. The Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) is used for the terrain mapping. The derived impact of mining on LULC between 1975 and 2014 is determined by classifying the relevant Landsat imageries. The digital terrain map reveal that the mining activity is not well-coordinated. Hence, the parts of the mine sites that are rich in the desired minerals are punctuated with low depth, while the other parts have high terrain as a result of the haphazard mining activity. The analysis of the LULC change show that the degraded land (DL), built-up area (BU), water bodies (WB), and exposed rock outcrop (RO) increase by 15.68%, 4.68%, 0.06%, and 14.5%, respectively, whereas the arable farmland (FL) and forest reserve (FR) decrease by 28.29% and 6.63%, respectively. Mining has adversely affected the natural ecology of the studied area. Therefore, the mine sites should be monitored, and their environmental damages should be pre-determined and mitigated. There should be regular inspections to keep these activities under control. The existing laws and regulations to conserve the natural ecosystems of the host communities should be enforced to curtail the excesses of the operators of the mining industries. Restoration of the minefields to reduce the existing hazards prevent further environmental degradation, and facilitating the socio-economic development of the area is also suggested.
{"title":"Assessment of Terrain and Land Use/Land Cover Changes of Mine Sites using Geospatial Techniques in Plateau State, Nigeria","authors":"A. Owolabi","doi":"10.22044/JME.2020.9668.1879","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22044/JME.2020.9668.1879","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we report a geospatial assessment of the selected mine sites in the Plateau State, Nigeria. The aim of this work is to determine the impact of mining on the terrain as well as the Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) of the host communities. The Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission (SRTM) is used for the terrain mapping. The derived impact of mining on LULC between 1975 and 2014 is determined by classifying the relevant Landsat imageries. The digital terrain map reveal that the mining activity is not well-coordinated. Hence, the parts of the mine sites that are rich in the desired minerals are punctuated with low depth, while the other parts have high terrain as a result of the haphazard mining activity. The analysis of the LULC change show that the degraded land (DL), built-up area (BU), water bodies (WB), and exposed rock outcrop (RO) increase by 15.68%, 4.68%, 0.06%, and 14.5%, respectively, whereas the arable farmland (FL) and forest reserve (FR) decrease by 28.29% and 6.63%, respectively. Mining has adversely affected the natural ecology of the studied area. Therefore, the mine sites should be monitored, and their environmental damages should be pre-determined and mitigated. There should be regular inspections to keep these activities under control. The existing laws and regulations to conserve the natural ecosystems of the host communities should be enforced to curtail the excesses of the operators of the mining industries. Restoration of the minefields to reduce the existing hazards prevent further environmental degradation, and facilitating the socio-economic development of the area is also suggested.","PeriodicalId":45259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Environment","volume":"11 1","pages":"935-948"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48855425","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.22044/JME.2020.10082.1945
K. S. Shah, Izhar Mithal Jiskani, Niaz Muhammad Shahani, H. Rehman, N. Khan, S. Hussain
In the mining sector, the barrier to obtain an efficient safety management system is the unavailability of future information regarding the accidents. This paper aims to use the auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, for the first time, to evaluate the underlying causes that affect the safety management system corresponding to the number of accidents and fatalities in the surface and underground mining in Pakistan. The original application of the ARIMA model provides that how the number of accidents and fatalities is influenced by the implementation of various approaches to promote an effective safety management system. The ARIMA model requires the data series of the predicted elements with a random pattern over time and produce an equation. After the model identification, it may forecast the future pattern of the events based on its existing and future values. In this research work, the accident data for the period of 2006-2019-is collected from Inspectorate of Mines and Minerals (Pakistan), Mine Workers Federation, and newspapers in order to evaluate the long-term forecast. The results obtained reveal that ARIMA (2, 1, 0) is a suitable model for both the mining accidents and the workers’ fatalities. The number of accidents and fatalities are forecasted from 2020 to 2025. The results obtained suggest that the policy-makers should take a systematic consideration by evaluating the possible risks associated with an increased number of accidents and fatalities, and develop a safe and effective working platform.
{"title":"Analysis and Forecast of Mining Accidents in Pakistan","authors":"K. S. Shah, Izhar Mithal Jiskani, Niaz Muhammad Shahani, H. Rehman, N. Khan, S. Hussain","doi":"10.22044/JME.2020.10082.1945","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22044/JME.2020.10082.1945","url":null,"abstract":"In the mining sector, the barrier to obtain an efficient safety management system is the unavailability of future information regarding the accidents. This paper aims to use the auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, for the first time, to evaluate the underlying causes that affect the safety management system corresponding to the number of accidents and fatalities in the surface and underground mining in Pakistan. The original application of the ARIMA model provides that how the number of accidents and fatalities is influenced by the implementation of various approaches to promote an effective safety management system. The ARIMA model requires the data series of the predicted elements with a random pattern over time and produce an equation. After the model identification, it may forecast the future pattern of the events based on its existing and future values. In this research work, the accident data for the period of 2006-2019-is collected from Inspectorate of Mines and Minerals (Pakistan), Mine Workers Federation, and newspapers in order to evaluate the long-term forecast. The results obtained reveal that ARIMA (2, 1, 0) is a suitable model for both the mining accidents and the workers’ fatalities. The number of accidents and fatalities are forecasted from 2020 to 2025. The results obtained suggest that the policy-makers should take a systematic consideration by evaluating the possible risks associated with an increased number of accidents and fatalities, and develop a safe and effective working platform.","PeriodicalId":45259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Environment","volume":"11 1","pages":"967-976"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44765984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-01DOI: 10.22044/JME.2020.10177.1954
E. Pouresmaeili, A. Ebrahimabadi, H. Hamidian
Sustainability assessment has received numerous attentions in the mining industry. Mining sustainability includes the environmental, economic, and social dimensions, and a sustainable development is achieved when all these dimensions improve in a balanced manner. Therefore, to measure the sustainability score of a mine, we require an approach that evaluates all these three dimensions of mining sustainability. Some frameworks have been developed to compute the sustainability score of mining activities; however, some of them are very complicated and the others do not cover all the environmental, economic, and social aspects of sustainability. In order to fill this gap, this work was designed to introduce a practical approach to determine the score of mining sustainability. In order to develop this approach, initially, 14 negative and positive influential macro factors in the sustainability of open-pit mines were identified. Then the important levels of the factors were estimated based on the comments and scores of some experts. Two checklists were constructed for the negative and positive factors. The sustainability score was computed using these checklists and the importance levels of the factors. The score range was between -100 and +100. In order to implement the proposed approach, the Angouran lead and zinc mine was selected. The sustainability score of the Angouran mine was +47.91, which indicated that the this mine had a sustainable condition. This score could increase through modification of some factors.
{"title":"A New Semi-Quantitative Approach to Open-Pit Mine Sustainability Assessment","authors":"E. Pouresmaeili, A. Ebrahimabadi, H. Hamidian","doi":"10.22044/JME.2020.10177.1954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22044/JME.2020.10177.1954","url":null,"abstract":"Sustainability assessment has received numerous attentions in the mining industry. Mining sustainability includes the environmental, economic, and social dimensions, and a sustainable development is achieved when all these dimensions improve in a balanced manner. Therefore, to measure the sustainability score of a mine, we require an approach that evaluates all these three dimensions of mining sustainability. Some frameworks have been developed to compute the sustainability score of mining activities; however, some of them are very complicated and the others do not cover all the environmental, economic, and social aspects of sustainability. In order to fill this gap, this work was designed to introduce a practical approach to determine the score of mining sustainability. In order to develop this approach, initially, 14 negative and positive influential macro factors in the sustainability of open-pit mines were identified. Then the important levels of the factors were estimated based on the comments and scores of some experts. Two checklists were constructed for the negative and positive factors. The sustainability score was computed using these checklists and the importance levels of the factors. The score range was between -100 and +100. In order to implement the proposed approach, the Angouran lead and zinc mine was selected. The sustainability score of the Angouran mine was +47.91, which indicated that the this mine had a sustainable condition. This score could increase through modification of some factors.","PeriodicalId":45259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Environment","volume":"11 1","pages":"1191-1203"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2020-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49240579","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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