Pub Date : 2021-08-17DOI: 10.22044/JME.2021.10661.2024
Joseph Manyepa, Victor Mutambo
Designing suitable extraction methods for mining randomly occurring pocket formation of gemstones has never been easy at the Musakashi emerald mine due to the limited geological information. In order to improve the productivity as well as the recovery, in this work, we undertake a detailed geological survey (airborne, surface mapping, geochemical sampling, and trenching activities), and review, analyze, and establish the appropriate extraction methods, and conduct the economic viability of the mining emeralds in the Musakashi area. A total of 51 holes are drilled in order to define the mineralization and estimate the mineral resource for the rubble ore and the in-situ ore zones using the Surpac Geovia software. The diamond drilling unravels the existence of an alteration zone enveloping the shales in an area of 150m by 100m. The emerald is localized within these reaction zones, and is estimated to extend to a depth of about 20–30m below the surface. The total mineral resource stands at 345, 290 grams for the rubble ore and 123,870 grams for the discordant veins. From the geological information obtained, a trial pit design is established with a target of increasing recovery of emeralds from the current 10 kg to 100 kg per year.
{"title":"Approaches for designing extraction methods for randomly occurring pocket formation of Gemstones. A case of Musakashi Emerald area, Solwezi, Zambia.","authors":"Joseph Manyepa, Victor Mutambo","doi":"10.22044/JME.2021.10661.2024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22044/JME.2021.10661.2024","url":null,"abstract":"Designing suitable extraction methods for mining randomly occurring pocket formation of gemstones has never been easy at the Musakashi emerald mine due to the limited geological information. In order to improve the productivity as well as the recovery, in this work, we undertake a detailed geological survey (airborne, surface mapping, geochemical sampling, and trenching activities), and review, analyze, and establish the appropriate extraction methods, and conduct the economic viability of the mining emeralds in the Musakashi area. A total of 51 holes are drilled in order to define the mineralization and estimate the mineral resource for the rubble ore and the in-situ ore zones using the Surpac Geovia software. The diamond drilling unravels the existence of an alteration zone enveloping the shales in an area of 150m by 100m. The emerald is localized within these reaction zones, and is estimated to extend to a depth of about 20–30m below the surface. The total mineral resource stands at 345, 290 grams for the rubble ore and 123,870 grams for the discordant veins. From the geological information obtained, a trial pit design is established with a target of increasing recovery of emeralds from the current 10 kg to 100 kg per year.","PeriodicalId":45259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45055889","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-06DOI: 10.22044/JME.2021.10868.2061
D. Mohammadi, K. Shahriar, D. Parsapour
Tunneling in urban areas has always encountered many uncertainties, which if not considered in both analysis and design of the tunnels, will cause unexpected events during tunnel construction. Obstacles are among the most remarkable uncertainties in tunneling that affect the tunnel construction process. The obstacles in urban tunneling include municipal utilities, surface and sub-surface structures, channels, wells, storages, and unknown cavities. Tehran Metro Line 7 in Iran is no exception to the rule, and has been grappling with the obstacles. In this work, we investigate the effect of the existence of wells and unknown cavities in the zone of influence of excavated tunnels by EPBM. The innovation of this research work is in the EPB tunnel design encountering wells and cavities that are as risky as the adjacent underground structure. In this work, we use a numerical simulation of the 3D finite difference method (FDM) so a series of parametric studies based on the numerical model are examined using the well and unknown cavity geometry and their location relative to the tunnel in alluvium. According to the results obtained, a major disturbance occurs in the near field of the well–tunnel, and the interaction problem happens in front of the tunnel face. The numerical outcome indicates that the most critical state of the ground settlement by EPBM happens when the well and unknown cavity are located in the face of the tunnel. It is also proved that the ground behavior is different for each part of EPBM such as ahead of the face, cutter head, shield, and segmental lining parts.
{"title":"Interaction of Excavated Tunnels by Earth Pressure Balance Machines (EPBMs) and Subsurface Obstacles, Case Study: Tehran Metro Line 7","authors":"D. Mohammadi, K. Shahriar, D. Parsapour","doi":"10.22044/JME.2021.10868.2061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22044/JME.2021.10868.2061","url":null,"abstract":"Tunneling in urban areas has always encountered many uncertainties, which if not considered in both analysis and design of the tunnels, will cause unexpected events during tunnel construction. Obstacles are among the most remarkable uncertainties in tunneling that affect the tunnel construction process. The obstacles in urban tunneling include municipal utilities, surface and sub-surface structures, channels, wells, storages, and unknown cavities. Tehran Metro Line 7 in Iran is no exception to the rule, and has been grappling with the obstacles. In this work, we investigate the effect of the existence of wells and unknown cavities in the zone of influence of excavated tunnels by EPBM. The innovation of this research work is in the EPB tunnel design encountering wells and cavities that are as risky as the adjacent underground structure. In this work, we use a numerical simulation of the 3D finite difference method (FDM) so a series of parametric studies based on the numerical model are examined using the well and unknown cavity geometry and their location relative to the tunnel in alluvium. According to the results obtained, a major disturbance occurs in the near field of the well–tunnel, and the interaction problem happens in front of the tunnel face. The numerical outcome indicates that the most critical state of the ground settlement by EPBM happens when the well and unknown cavity are located in the face of the tunnel. It is also proved that the ground behavior is different for each part of EPBM such as ahead of the face, cutter head, shield, and segmental lining parts.","PeriodicalId":45259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48903770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-02DOI: 10.22044/JME.2021.10918.2070
V. Sarfarazi, Kaveh Asgari
In this investigation, the impact of confining pressure on the tensile strength obtained by point load test (PLT) is examined by particle flow code in two dimensions. In this regard, at first, a numerical model is calibrated using the Brazilian experimental test results. The tensile strength of the model material is equal to 2.5 MPa. Secondly, PLT is performed on the numerical models with dimension of 15 cm × 50 cm. The rectangular models are tested by PLT under the presence of the confining pressure. The loading rate is 0.001 mm/min, confining that the pressure is changed with the 13 different values of 0 MPa, 0.002 MPa, 1MPa, 1.5 MPa, 2 MPa, 2.5 MPa, 3MPa, 3.5 MPa, 4 MPa, 5MPa, 6 MPa, 9 MPa, and 11 MPa. The results obtained show that the vertical tensile crack develops through the model under a low confining pressure, while several shear bands are developed in the models under a high confining pressure. The number of shear cracks is augmented by augmenting the confining pressure. Is(50) is the augment by augmenting the confining pressure. Also a new criterion is rendered in order to determine Is(50) based on the confining pressure.
{"title":"The effect of confining pressure on the Is(50) obtained by point load test","authors":"V. Sarfarazi, Kaveh Asgari","doi":"10.22044/JME.2021.10918.2070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22044/JME.2021.10918.2070","url":null,"abstract":"In this investigation, the impact of confining pressure on the tensile strength obtained by point load test (PLT) is examined by particle flow code in two dimensions. In this regard, at first, a numerical model is calibrated using the Brazilian experimental test results. The tensile strength of the model material is equal to 2.5 MPa. Secondly, PLT is performed on the numerical models with dimension of 15 cm × 50 cm. The rectangular models are tested by PLT under the presence of the confining pressure. The loading rate is 0.001 mm/min, confining that the pressure is changed with the 13 different values of 0 MPa, 0.002 MPa, 1MPa, 1.5 MPa, 2 MPa, 2.5 MPa, 3MPa, 3.5 MPa, 4 MPa, 5MPa, 6 MPa, 9 MPa, and 11 MPa. The results obtained show that the vertical tensile crack develops through the model under a low confining pressure, while several shear bands are developed in the models under a high confining pressure. The number of shear cracks is augmented by augmenting the confining pressure. Is(50) is the augment by augmenting the confining pressure. Also a new criterion is rendered in order to determine Is(50) based on the confining pressure.","PeriodicalId":45259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42411412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-19DOI: 10.22044/JME.2021.10656.2023
M. Fooladi, F. Ghadimi, Seyed-Jamal Sheikh-Zakariaee, H. R. Bonab
In this work, we determine the factors affecting soil erosion and its effect on dust formation around the Mineral Salts Company in Mighan playa of Arak. Seventy samples are randomly sampled from a depth of 10 cm above the ground around Mighan playa. Some factors involved (e.g. sample aggregation, lime, organic matter, pH, Na, K, Ca, and electrical conductivity) are determined and compared with the statistical parameters such as the correlation matrix and cluster analysis in order to determine the erosion rate in each sample based on the soil properties. The results obtained show that soil salinity, as a major factor in erosion, causes soil depletion and degradation in the area. Also a high amount of sand in the environment causes the soil texture instability. The factors such as the amount of gravel, organic matter, and K are the main erosion inhibiting factors, which have little effect on the majority of the samples. The organic matter content in most samples is less than 4%, and does not have much effect on erosion. The amount of clay in the samples is less than 10%, and has no effect on the adhesion of soil texture. The main factor affecting the erosion rate is EC and Na in the soil. The inhibitors such as gravel, organic matter, K, and clay amount in the samples can be considered as a protective or reducing factor in erosioning. Rising in the mentioned factors in the soil causes a lack of density and instability in the soil, and increases the rate of soil erosion. The results of this work show that addition of soil erosion increases the amount of fine-grained soil, and dust is a result of increased production. Also the presence of mineral salt in the area increases the production rate of dense soil, and as a result, rises the amount of dust produced in the area. Therefore, we need to stabilize mining soil, and prevent dust generation around the Mineral Salts Company.
{"title":"The influence of physical and chemical material properties on mining soil deterioration processes around Mineral Salts Company in Mighan playa, Arak, Iran","authors":"M. Fooladi, F. Ghadimi, Seyed-Jamal Sheikh-Zakariaee, H. R. Bonab","doi":"10.22044/JME.2021.10656.2023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22044/JME.2021.10656.2023","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, we determine the factors affecting soil erosion and its effect on dust formation around the Mineral Salts Company in Mighan playa of Arak. Seventy samples are randomly sampled from a depth of 10 cm above the ground around Mighan playa. Some factors involved (e.g. sample aggregation, lime, organic matter, pH, Na, K, Ca, and electrical conductivity) are determined and compared with the statistical parameters such as the correlation matrix and cluster analysis in order to determine the erosion rate in each sample based on the soil properties. The results obtained show that soil salinity, as a major factor in erosion, causes soil depletion and degradation in the area. Also a high amount of sand in the environment causes the soil texture instability. The factors such as the amount of gravel, organic matter, and K are the main erosion inhibiting factors, which have little effect on the majority of the samples. The organic matter content in most samples is less than 4%, and does not have much effect on erosion. The amount of clay in the samples is less than 10%, and has no effect on the adhesion of soil texture. The main factor affecting the erosion rate is EC and Na in the soil. The inhibitors such as gravel, organic matter, K, and clay amount in the samples can be considered as a protective or reducing factor in erosioning. Rising in the mentioned factors in the soil causes a lack of density and instability in the soil, and increases the rate of soil erosion. The results of this work show that addition of soil erosion increases the amount of fine-grained soil, and dust is a result of increased production. Also the presence of mineral salt in the area increases the production rate of dense soil, and as a result, rises the amount of dust produced in the area. Therefore, we need to stabilize mining soil, and prevent dust generation around the Mineral Salts Company.","PeriodicalId":45259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Environment","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41319264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-12DOI: 10.22044/JME.2021.10795.2046
M. Kamran, Sher Bacha, Nisar Mohammad
This paper elucidates a new idea and concept for exploration of the gold ore deposits. The cyanidation method is traditionally used for gold extraction. However, this method is laborious, time-consuming, costly, and depends upon the availability of the processing units. In this work, an attempt is made in order to update the gold exploration method by the Monte Carlo-based simulation. An excellent approach always requires a high quality of the datasets for a good model. A total of 48 incomplete datasets are collected from the Shoghore district, Chitral area of Khyber, Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The cyanidation leaching test is carried out in order to measure the percentage of the gold ore deposits. In this work, the mean, median, mode, and successive iteration substitute methods are employed in such a way that they can compute the datasets with missing attributes. The multiple regression analysis is used to find a correlation between the potential of hydrogen ion concentration (pH), solid content (in %), NaCN concentration (in ppm), leaching time (in Hr), particle size (in µm), and measured percentage of gold recovery (in %). Moreover, the normal Archimedes and exponential distributions are employed in order to forecast the uncertainty in the measured gold ore deposits. The performance of the model reveals that the Monte Carlo approach is more authentic for the probability estimation of gold ore recovery. The sensitivity analysis reveals that pH is the most influential parameter in the estimation of the gold ore deposits. This stochastic approach can be considered as a foundation to foretell the probabilistic exploration of the new gold deposits.
{"title":"A Stochastic Model Updating Gold Reserve Estimation by Using Monte Carlo Simulation","authors":"M. Kamran, Sher Bacha, Nisar Mohammad","doi":"10.22044/JME.2021.10795.2046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22044/JME.2021.10795.2046","url":null,"abstract":"This paper elucidates a new idea and concept for exploration of the gold ore deposits. The cyanidation method is traditionally used for gold extraction. However, this method is laborious, time-consuming, costly, and depends upon the availability of the processing units. In this work, an attempt is made in order to update the gold exploration method by the Monte Carlo-based simulation. An excellent approach always requires a high quality of the datasets for a good model. A total of 48 incomplete datasets are collected from the Shoghore district, Chitral area of Khyber, Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. The cyanidation leaching test is carried out in order to measure the percentage of the gold ore deposits. In this work, the mean, median, mode, and successive iteration substitute methods are employed in such a way that they can compute the datasets with missing attributes. The multiple regression analysis is used to find a correlation between the potential of hydrogen ion concentration (pH), solid content (in %), NaCN concentration (in ppm), leaching time (in Hr), particle size (in µm), and measured percentage of gold recovery (in %). Moreover, the normal Archimedes and exponential distributions are employed in order to forecast the uncertainty in the measured gold ore deposits. The performance of the model reveals that the Monte Carlo approach is more authentic for the probability estimation of gold ore recovery. The sensitivity analysis reveals that pH is the most influential parameter in the estimation of the gold ore deposits. This stochastic approach can be considered as a foundation to foretell the probabilistic exploration of the new gold deposits.","PeriodicalId":45259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48423458","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.22044/JME.2021.10812.2051
A. N. Qarahasanlou, M. Ataei, R. Shahabi
Whether directly in the form of expenses or indirectly, the objective of maintenance in the mining industry is self-evident in time losses and loss of production. In this paper, the reliability-based maintenance is examined with a different insight than before. The system goes back to the Good As New (GAN) state or too Bad As Old (BAO) maintenance state; why so, the maintenance of the system shifts to the midrange state. On the other hand, the implementation of repairs is strongly influenced by the environmental factors that are known as the “risk factors”. Therefore, an analysis requires a model that integrates two basic elements: (1) incompleteness of the maintenance effect and (2) risk factors. Thus, an extensive proportional hazard ratio model (EPHM) is used as a combination of the Proportional Hazard Model (PHM) and the Hybrid Imperfect Preventive Maintenance model (HIPM) in order to analyze these elements. In this regards, four different preventive maintenance strategies are proposed. All four strategies are time-based including constant interval or periodic (the first and second strategies) and cyclic interval (the third and fourth strategies). The proposed method is applied for a Komatsu HD785-5 dump-truck in the Songun copper mine as a case study. The PM intervals with a mean value of risk factors for the four activities to reach the 80% reliability for the first and second strategies are about 5 and 48 hours. These intervals for the third strategy are calculated as 48.36, 11.58, 10.25, and 9.035, and for the fourth strategy are 5.06, 4.078, 3.459, and 1.92.
{"title":"Expected Proportional Hazard Model in Preventive Maintenance","authors":"A. N. Qarahasanlou, M. Ataei, R. Shahabi","doi":"10.22044/JME.2021.10812.2051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22044/JME.2021.10812.2051","url":null,"abstract":"Whether directly in the form of expenses or indirectly, the objective of maintenance in the mining industry is self-evident in time losses and loss of production. In this paper, the reliability-based maintenance is examined with a different insight than before. The system goes back to the Good As New (GAN) state or too Bad As Old (BAO) maintenance state; why so, the maintenance of the system shifts to the midrange state. On the other hand, the implementation of repairs is strongly influenced by the environmental factors that are known as the “risk factors”. Therefore, an analysis requires a model that integrates two basic elements: (1) incompleteness of the maintenance effect and (2) risk factors. Thus, an extensive proportional hazard ratio model (EPHM) is used as a combination of the Proportional Hazard Model (PHM) and the Hybrid Imperfect Preventive Maintenance model (HIPM) in order to analyze these elements. In this regards, four different preventive maintenance strategies are proposed. All four strategies are time-based including constant interval or periodic (the first and second strategies) and cyclic interval (the third and fourth strategies). The proposed method is applied for a Komatsu HD785-5 dump-truck in the Songun copper mine as a case study. The PM intervals with a mean value of risk factors for the four activities to reach the 80% reliability for the first and second strategies are about 5 and 48 hours. These intervals for the third strategy are calculated as 48.36, 11.58, 10.25, and 9.035, and for the fourth strategy are 5.06, 4.078, 3.459, and 1.92.","PeriodicalId":45259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47829108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.22044/JME.2021.10834.2054
M. Yavari, H. Haeri, V. Sarfarazi, M. F. Marji, H. A. Lazemi
The propagation mechanism of cracks emanating from two holes within the concrete specimens is studied by considering the effects of different lateral compressive stresses. The experimental part of this research work is carried out on some specially prepared pre-cracked specimens with two neighbouring holes under only a uniaxial compression in the laboratory. The numerical modeling part is performed under both the uniaxial compresion and the lateral confinment by the 2D particle flow code (PFC2D). It is shown that the lateral confinement may change the path of crack propagation in a specimen compared to that of the uniaxially-loaded one. Various senarios of the mixed mode radial crack propagation around the holes are obtained, and both the wing (induced tensile) cracks and secondary (shear) cracks are produced and propagated in various paths due to a change in the confining pressure. The fracturing pattern changes from a single tensile crack to that of the several shear bands by increasing the confining pressure. Also the number of shear cracks is increased by increasing the lateral confinement.On the other hand, as the confining pressure increases, the wing cracks start their growth from the walls and reach the center of the cracks under high confinements.
{"title":"On Propagation Mechanism of Cracks Emanating from Two Neighboring Holes in Cubic Concrete Specimens under Various Lateral Confinements","authors":"M. Yavari, H. Haeri, V. Sarfarazi, M. F. Marji, H. A. Lazemi","doi":"10.22044/JME.2021.10834.2054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22044/JME.2021.10834.2054","url":null,"abstract":"The propagation mechanism of cracks emanating from two holes within the concrete specimens is studied by considering the effects of different lateral compressive stresses. The experimental part of this research work is carried out on some specially prepared pre-cracked specimens with two neighbouring holes under only a uniaxial compression in the laboratory. The numerical modeling part is performed under both the uniaxial compresion and the lateral confinment by the 2D particle flow code (PFC2D). It is shown that the lateral confinement may change the path of crack propagation in a specimen compared to that of the uniaxially-loaded one. Various senarios of the mixed mode radial crack propagation around the holes are obtained, and both the wing (induced tensile) cracks and secondary (shear) cracks are produced and propagated in various paths due to a change in the confining pressure. The fracturing pattern changes from a single tensile crack to that of the several shear bands by increasing the confining pressure. Also the number of shear cracks is increased by increasing the lateral confinement.On the other hand, as the confining pressure increases, the wing cracks start their growth from the walls and reach the center of the cracks under high confinements.","PeriodicalId":45259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Environment","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45757958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.22044/JME.2021.11012.2077
A. Srivastava, B. Choudhary, M. Sharma
Blast-induced ground vibration (PPV) evaluation for a safe blasting is a long-established criterion used mainly by the empirical equations. However, the empirical equations are again considering a limited information. Therefore, using Machine Learning (ML) tools [Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF)] can help in this context, and the same is applied in this work. A total of 73 blasts are monitored and recorded in this work. For the ML tools, the dataset is divided into the 80-20 ratio for the training and testing purposes in order to evaluate the performance capacity of the models. The prediction accuracies by the SVM and RF models in predicting the PPV values are satisfactory (up to 9% accuracy). The results obtained show that the coefficient of determination (R2) for RF and SVM is 0.81 and 0.75, respectively. Compared to the existing linear regressions, this work recommends using a machine learning regression model for the PPV prediction.
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Machine Learning Methods for Prediction of Blast-Induced Ground Vibration","authors":"A. Srivastava, B. Choudhary, M. Sharma","doi":"10.22044/JME.2021.11012.2077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22044/JME.2021.11012.2077","url":null,"abstract":"Blast-induced ground vibration (PPV) evaluation for a safe blasting is a long-established criterion used mainly by the empirical equations. However, the empirical equations are again considering a limited information. Therefore, using Machine Learning (ML) tools [Support Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF)] can help in this context, and the same is applied in this work. A total of 73 blasts are monitored and recorded in this work. For the ML tools, the dataset is divided into the 80-20 ratio for the training and testing purposes in order to evaluate the performance capacity of the models. The prediction accuracies by the SVM and RF models in predicting the PPV values are satisfactory (up to 9% accuracy). The results obtained show that the coefficient of determination (R2) for RF and SVM is 0.81 and 0.75, respectively. Compared to the existing linear regressions, this work recommends using a machine learning regression model for the PPV prediction.","PeriodicalId":45259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Environment","volume":"12 1","pages":"667-677"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42187859","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.22044/JME.2021.11222.2104
M. Kamran
The blasting operation is an important rock fragmentation technique employed in several foundation engineering disciplines such as mining, civil, tunneling, and road planning. Back-break (BB) is one of the adverse effects caused by the blasting operations that produces several effects including vulnerability of mining machinery, bench slope design, and risks to the next blast-patterns due to the eruption of gases from several discontinuities in jointed rock masses. Several techniques have been executed by the researchers in order to predict BB in the blasting operations. However, this is the first work to implement a-state-of-the-art Catboost-based t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) approach to predict BB. A total of 62 datasets having 12 influential BB-generating features are collected from genuine blasting patterns. A novel dimensionality depletion technique t-SNE that operates the Kullback-Leibler divergence interpretation is employed to tailor the pioneer exaggeration of the blasting dataset. Then the t-SNE dataset obtained is split into a 70:30 ratio of the training and testing datasets. Finally, the Catboost method is implemented on a low-dimensionality blasting database. The performance evaluation criterion confirms that the BB predictive model is more stable with a goodness of fit = 99.04 in the training dataset, 97.26 in the testing datasets, and could anticipate a more accurate prediction. Moreover, the model presented in this work performs superior to the existing publicly available execution of BB. In summary, this model can be practiced in order to predict BB in several rock engineering practices and mining industry scenarios.
{"title":"A State of the art Catboost-Based T-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding Technique to Predict Back-break at Dewan Cement Limestone Quarry","authors":"M. Kamran","doi":"10.22044/JME.2021.11222.2104","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22044/JME.2021.11222.2104","url":null,"abstract":"The blasting operation is an important rock fragmentation technique employed in several foundation engineering disciplines such as mining, civil, tunneling, and road planning. Back-break (BB) is one of the adverse effects caused by the blasting operations that produces several effects including vulnerability of mining machinery, bench slope design, and risks to the next blast-patterns due to the eruption of gases from several discontinuities in jointed rock masses. Several techniques have been executed by the researchers in order to predict BB in the blasting operations. However, this is the first work to implement a-state-of-the-art Catboost-based t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) approach to predict BB. A total of 62 datasets having 12 influential BB-generating features are collected from genuine blasting patterns. A novel dimensionality depletion technique t-SNE that operates the Kullback-Leibler divergence interpretation is employed to tailor the pioneer exaggeration of the blasting dataset. Then the t-SNE dataset obtained is split into a 70:30 ratio of the training and testing datasets. Finally, the Catboost method is implemented on a low-dimensionality blasting database. The performance evaluation criterion confirms that the BB predictive model is more stable with a goodness of fit = 99.04 in the training dataset, 97.26 in the testing datasets, and could anticipate a more accurate prediction. Moreover, the model presented in this work performs superior to the existing publicly available execution of BB. In summary, this model can be practiced in order to predict BB in several rock engineering practices and mining industry scenarios.","PeriodicalId":45259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Environment","volume":"12 1","pages":"679-691"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42211879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-01DOI: 10.22044/JME.2021.11175.2098
M. Hosseini, D. Fakhri
The purpose of this work is to investigate the possibility of using mine wastes in the improvement of concrete properties. This research work investigates the physical and mechanical properties of the concrete specimens. These concrete specimens include concrete-lacking fibres, micro-silica and limestone powder (C), concrete-containing glass fibres without micro-silica and limestone powder (GC), concrete-containing micro-silica and limestone powder without fibres (CML), and concrete-containing glass fibres, micro-silica, and limestone powder (CGML). The physical and mechanical properties including the effective porosity, longitudinal wave velocity, water absorption, unit weight, tensile strength, uniaxial compressive strength, triaxial compressive strength, cohesion, and internal friction angle are investigated. The results obtained show that adding glass fibres to the concrete (GC) improve its properties compared to the fibre-less concrete (C). However, the properties of GC are improved significantly less than CGML. The Brazilian tensile strength and uniaxial compressive strength of GC increase by 13.6% and 10.95% relative to C. The Brazilian tensile strength and uniaxial compressive strength of CGML increase by 21.8% and 45.94% relative to C. Finally, it can be concluded that adding the micro-silica and limestone powder to the glass fibre concrete as well as the use of mine wastes also significantly improves the properties of the concrete.
{"title":"Experimental Study of Effect of Glass Fibres on Properties of Concrete Containing Micro-silica and Limestone Powder","authors":"M. Hosseini, D. Fakhri","doi":"10.22044/JME.2021.11175.2098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22044/JME.2021.11175.2098","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work is to investigate the possibility of using mine wastes in the improvement of concrete properties. This research work investigates the physical and mechanical properties of the concrete specimens. These concrete specimens include concrete-lacking fibres, micro-silica and limestone powder (C), concrete-containing glass fibres without micro-silica and limestone powder (GC), concrete-containing micro-silica and limestone powder without fibres (CML), and concrete-containing glass fibres, micro-silica, and limestone powder (CGML). The physical and mechanical properties including the effective porosity, longitudinal wave velocity, water absorption, unit weight, tensile strength, uniaxial compressive strength, triaxial compressive strength, cohesion, and internal friction angle are investigated. The results obtained show that adding glass fibres to the concrete (GC) improve its properties compared to the fibre-less concrete (C). However, the properties of GC are improved significantly less than CGML. The Brazilian tensile strength and uniaxial compressive strength of GC increase by 13.6% and 10.95% relative to C. The Brazilian tensile strength and uniaxial compressive strength of CGML increase by 21.8% and 45.94% relative to C. Finally, it can be concluded that adding the micro-silica and limestone powder to the glass fibre concrete as well as the use of mine wastes also significantly improves the properties of the concrete.","PeriodicalId":45259,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Mining and Environment","volume":"12 1","pages":"895-906"},"PeriodicalIF":0.8,"publicationDate":"2021-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44754088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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