Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10301763.2023.2171683
Susan G. Ellicott
ABSTRACT This article examines Australian Government workplace domestic violence policy as a workplace equality and gender equality policy. Drawing on Baird’s typology of policy orientations and systematic process analysis of documents and elite interviews with 43 key informants, this article contributes a process theory of how and why workplace domestic violence policy developed in Australia. It finds non-traditional actors (anti-domestic violence advocates, trade union members and researchers) led traditional actors (components of the state, trade unions and employer parties) towards orientations and mechanisms on this policy post-2010 likely to enhance the social equity of employees experiencing domestic violence. Significant to non-traditional actor effectiveness on this was their lived expertise and experience on domestic violence, and trade union support.
{"title":"Arriving at a social equity orientation on workplace domestic violence policy in Australia","authors":"Susan G. Ellicott","doi":"10.1080/10301763.2023.2171683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10301763.2023.2171683","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines Australian Government workplace domestic violence policy as a workplace equality and gender equality policy. Drawing on Baird’s typology of policy orientations and systematic process analysis of documents and elite interviews with 43 key informants, this article contributes a process theory of how and why workplace domestic violence policy developed in Australia. It finds non-traditional actors (anti-domestic violence advocates, trade union members and researchers) led traditional actors (components of the state, trade unions and employer parties) towards orientations and mechanisms on this policy post-2010 likely to enhance the social equity of employees experiencing domestic violence. Significant to non-traditional actor effectiveness on this was their lived expertise and experience on domestic violence, and trade union support.","PeriodicalId":45265,"journal":{"name":"Labour & Industry-A Journal of the Social and Economic Relations of Work","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46049491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10301763.2022.2161285
R. Weatherall
ABSTRACT The sentiments ‘it’s just good business’ and ‘it’s the right thing to do’ are commonly heard when discussing workplace domestic violence provisions. These two statements represent two divergent ways of theorising the relationship between domestic violence and work. Crucially, these alternate theories shape how domestic violence and work are discussed, who takes responsibility for domestic violence in and through the workplace and access to, and equality of support, victims receive from their workplaces. This research insight delves into the current theorising of the relationship between domestic violence and work, focusing on the business case, feminist perspectives, and a decolonial approach. Each subsequent theory layers and gives us a strong idea of where we are now with theorising and where we could go next in order to improve outcomes for victims in and through the workplace.
{"title":"Theorising domestic violence and work: where are we now and where to next?","authors":"R. Weatherall","doi":"10.1080/10301763.2022.2161285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10301763.2022.2161285","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The sentiments ‘it’s just good business’ and ‘it’s the right thing to do’ are commonly heard when discussing workplace domestic violence provisions. These two statements represent two divergent ways of theorising the relationship between domestic violence and work. Crucially, these alternate theories shape how domestic violence and work are discussed, who takes responsibility for domestic violence in and through the workplace and access to, and equality of support, victims receive from their workplaces. This research insight delves into the current theorising of the relationship between domestic violence and work, focusing on the business case, feminist perspectives, and a decolonial approach. Each subsequent theory layers and gives us a strong idea of where we are now with theorising and where we could go next in order to improve outcomes for victims in and through the workplace.","PeriodicalId":45265,"journal":{"name":"Labour & Industry-A Journal of the Social and Economic Relations of Work","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43045655","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10301763.2023.2171685
A. Summers
ABSTRACT How to reduce the incidence of domestic violence continues to challenge policymakers in Australia. This article draws upon a Keynote Address delivered at a University of Technology Sydney Symposium on gender equality, domestic violence and work. Through presenting ground-breaking data on domestic violence in Australia, I show the stark situation many women face in Australia – to stay with violent partners or leave a violent relationship and risk poverty. Domestic violence often has immediate and longer-term consequences for employment with as many as 50% of women facing lower incomes and cash flow problems. Existing government policy is inadequate, with a phenomenon of ‘policy-induced poverty’ arising for many women who leave violent relationships. Further research and policy development is required to not only understand the work and employment consequences for women experiencing domestic violence, but examine ways in which policy can be improved to support victims of violence.
{"title":"The choice: violence or poverty","authors":"A. Summers","doi":"10.1080/10301763.2023.2171685","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10301763.2023.2171685","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT How to reduce the incidence of domestic violence continues to challenge policymakers in Australia. This article draws upon a Keynote Address delivered at a University of Technology Sydney Symposium on gender equality, domestic violence and work. Through presenting ground-breaking data on domestic violence in Australia, I show the stark situation many women face in Australia – to stay with violent partners or leave a violent relationship and risk poverty. Domestic violence often has immediate and longer-term consequences for employment with as many as 50% of women facing lower incomes and cash flow problems. Existing government policy is inadequate, with a phenomenon of ‘policy-induced poverty’ arising for many women who leave violent relationships. Further research and policy development is required to not only understand the work and employment consequences for women experiencing domestic violence, but examine ways in which policy can be improved to support victims of violence.","PeriodicalId":45265,"journal":{"name":"Labour & Industry-A Journal of the Social and Economic Relations of Work","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46448370","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10301763.2023.2170760
D. Caspersz, Renata Casado, C. Kaplanian, F. Fozdar, L. Baldassar
ABSTRACT This paper offers research insights on how refugee women who experience domestic violence develop employment prospects. Guided by social capital theory and the concept of group social capital, the paper uses a qualitative approach to identify intrapersonal and interpersonal processes in a group intervention that assist women members to adjust their cognitive reasoning about their domestic violence experience and engage in behaviours that potentially enhance their employment prospects. The paper contributes to understanding how group processes can foster small wins that may enhance the employment prospects of this vulnerable group.
{"title":"Group social capital and the employment prospects of refugee women who experience domestic violence","authors":"D. Caspersz, Renata Casado, C. Kaplanian, F. Fozdar, L. Baldassar","doi":"10.1080/10301763.2023.2170760","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10301763.2023.2170760","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper offers research insights on how refugee women who experience domestic violence develop employment prospects. Guided by social capital theory and the concept of group social capital, the paper uses a qualitative approach to identify intrapersonal and interpersonal processes in a group intervention that assist women members to adjust their cognitive reasoning about their domestic violence experience and engage in behaviours that potentially enhance their employment prospects. The paper contributes to understanding how group processes can foster small wins that may enhance the employment prospects of this vulnerable group.","PeriodicalId":45265,"journal":{"name":"Labour & Industry-A Journal of the Social and Economic Relations of Work","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45393914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10301763.2023.2171682
Mihajla Gavin, R. Weatherall
ABSTRACT The role and responsibilities of workplaces in responding to domestic violence is emergent. Once considered a ‘private’ issue which was contained to the home, domestic violence is now recognised as a gendered, social issue that impacts all aspects of a victim’s life, including their working life. Although strides have been made in the last two decades to establish economic and ethical mandates for workplace responsibility, there is still a long way to go. This article traces the conceptual and empirical journey of the issue of domestic violence and work in the context of industrial relations as well as management and organisation studies. This journey leads us to the articles contained in the special issue. These articles are at the forefront of practice, policy, and theory of domestic violence and work, and offer a range of vivid insights into the vital work being done in this space. Ultimately, this article sets out a workplace agenda which prioritises continuing dynamic dialogue between theory and practice.
{"title":"Domestic violence and work: setting a workplace agenda","authors":"Mihajla Gavin, R. Weatherall","doi":"10.1080/10301763.2023.2171682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10301763.2023.2171682","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The role and responsibilities of workplaces in responding to domestic violence is emergent. Once considered a ‘private’ issue which was contained to the home, domestic violence is now recognised as a gendered, social issue that impacts all aspects of a victim’s life, including their working life. Although strides have been made in the last two decades to establish economic and ethical mandates for workplace responsibility, there is still a long way to go. This article traces the conceptual and empirical journey of the issue of domestic violence and work in the context of industrial relations as well as management and organisation studies. This journey leads us to the articles contained in the special issue. These articles are at the forefront of practice, policy, and theory of domestic violence and work, and offer a range of vivid insights into the vital work being done in this space. Ultimately, this article sets out a workplace agenda which prioritises continuing dynamic dialogue between theory and practice.","PeriodicalId":45265,"journal":{"name":"Labour & Industry-A Journal of the Social and Economic Relations of Work","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49076594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-02DOI: 10.1080/10301763.2022.2137548
K. Farhall, Kaye Quek, Laura McVey
ABSTRACT In this article, we apply the theory of feminist care ethics to the issue of workplace responses to domestic and family violence (DFV). Specifically, we aim to understand how prevailing approaches to the intersection of violence and work can be reoriented to centre feminist principles of care, distinct from the masculinist logics on which they currently rely. Our discussion draws on semi-structured interviews with experts on the work–violence interface, primarily based in the non-metropolitan Gippsland region of Victoria, Australia. It identifies three key themes, consistent with feminist care ethics, which can be used as a basis for reimagining workplace responses to DFV: 1) the importance of attentiveness as a practice of care; 2) the need to reimagine employer responsibility for a more caring and gender-equal workplace; and 3) the value of flexibility in responding to DFV. We argue that the data highlight the need for workplaces to structurally embed care in their initiatives on DFV. The analysis also points to the transformative potential of approaches in which care is centred, though, at present, these examples are the exception rather than the rule.
{"title":"Reimagining organisational responses to domestic and family violence: applying a feminist ethics of care to the work–violence interface in non-metropolitan Victoria, Australia","authors":"K. Farhall, Kaye Quek, Laura McVey","doi":"10.1080/10301763.2022.2137548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10301763.2022.2137548","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In this article, we apply the theory of feminist care ethics to the issue of workplace responses to domestic and family violence (DFV). Specifically, we aim to understand how prevailing approaches to the intersection of violence and work can be reoriented to centre feminist principles of care, distinct from the masculinist logics on which they currently rely. Our discussion draws on semi-structured interviews with experts on the work–violence interface, primarily based in the non-metropolitan Gippsland region of Victoria, Australia. It identifies three key themes, consistent with feminist care ethics, which can be used as a basis for reimagining workplace responses to DFV: 1) the importance of attentiveness as a practice of care; 2) the need to reimagine employer responsibility for a more caring and gender-equal workplace; and 3) the value of flexibility in responding to DFV. We argue that the data highlight the need for workplaces to structurally embed care in their initiatives on DFV. The analysis also points to the transformative potential of approaches in which care is centred, though, at present, these examples are the exception rather than the rule.","PeriodicalId":45265,"journal":{"name":"Labour & Industry-A Journal of the Social and Economic Relations of Work","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46497335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-25DOI: 10.1080/10301763.2022.2111987
Virginia Doellgast
ABSTRACT National economies with different industrial relations and welfare state traditions are experiencing a similar digital transformation. This article examines how labour unions are seeking to influence digital strategies and investments in the information and communication technology (ICT) industry, based on initial research findings in the US and Germany. These efforts can be divided into three action fields: campaigns focused on influencing state investment and data protection or AI regulation; efforts to extend legal or negotiated labour market protections to new groups of workers; and collective negotiations over new technologies at firm and workplace levels. All three can be seen as complementary in establishing the conditions for the social regulation of new digitally enabled markets.
{"title":"Strengthening social regulation in the digital economy: comparative findings from the ICT industry","authors":"Virginia Doellgast","doi":"10.1080/10301763.2022.2111987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10301763.2022.2111987","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT National economies with different industrial relations and welfare state traditions are experiencing a similar digital transformation. This article examines how labour unions are seeking to influence digital strategies and investments in the information and communication technology (ICT) industry, based on initial research findings in the US and Germany. These efforts can be divided into three action fields: campaigns focused on influencing state investment and data protection or AI regulation; efforts to extend legal or negotiated labour market protections to new groups of workers; and collective negotiations over new technologies at firm and workplace levels. All three can be seen as complementary in establishing the conditions for the social regulation of new digitally enabled markets.","PeriodicalId":45265,"journal":{"name":"Labour & Industry-A Journal of the Social and Economic Relations of Work","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49051265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-08-17DOI: 10.1080/10301763.2022.2111988
Katherine McFarlane
ABSTRACT The closures and restrictions imposed at workplaces around Australia in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have raised unprecedented issues for trade unions seeking to exercise rights of entry in accordance with Part 3–4 of the Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth). Section 491 requires that union officials seeking to exercise a statutory right of entry comply with any ‘reasonable request’ by an occupier about an occupational health and safety (OHS) requirement that applies to the premises. This had led to disputes about the appropriateness of requirements imposed by employers to mitigate the risk of COVID-19 infection and transmission. This paper will discuss three recent Fair Work Commission (FWC) decisions which consider the reasonableness of requests limiting entry to premises in this context. Although the cases had different outcomes, the FWC’s findings demonstrate how an employer’s OHS obligations relating to COVID-19 will be weighed against the objects of Part 3–4. Overall the FWC has taken a practical and nuanced approach to such disputes, and expected some cooperation between employers and unions. The limited scope of these decisions does, however, leave some questions relating to rights of entry during the pandemic unanswered.
{"title":"Danger, keep out! Trade union rights of entry during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Katherine McFarlane","doi":"10.1080/10301763.2022.2111988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10301763.2022.2111988","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The closures and restrictions imposed at workplaces around Australia in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have raised unprecedented issues for trade unions seeking to exercise rights of entry in accordance with Part 3–4 of the Fair Work Act 2009 (Cth). Section 491 requires that union officials seeking to exercise a statutory right of entry comply with any ‘reasonable request’ by an occupier about an occupational health and safety (OHS) requirement that applies to the premises. This had led to disputes about the appropriateness of requirements imposed by employers to mitigate the risk of COVID-19 infection and transmission. This paper will discuss three recent Fair Work Commission (FWC) decisions which consider the reasonableness of requests limiting entry to premises in this context. Although the cases had different outcomes, the FWC’s findings demonstrate how an employer’s OHS obligations relating to COVID-19 will be weighed against the objects of Part 3–4. Overall the FWC has taken a practical and nuanced approach to such disputes, and expected some cooperation between employers and unions. The limited scope of these decisions does, however, leave some questions relating to rights of entry during the pandemic unanswered.","PeriodicalId":45265,"journal":{"name":"Labour & Industry-A Journal of the Social and Economic Relations of Work","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44472053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/10301763.2022.2137937
M. Westcott, Tien Nguyen
ABSTRACT There has been a sustained public policy focus on the governance of superannuation funds in Australia due to the compulsory nature of the superannuation system established in 1992. Much of the attention on governance relates to the independence of directors on the trustee board companies of profit-to-member funds. Little consideration has been given to the gender diversity of these boards. This article explores changes to gender diversity on the trustee boards of 59 profit-to-member superannuation funds between 2010 and 2019. It shows a steady increase in the proportion of females appointed to these boards over this ten-year period. It draws out some important differences in female representation on public offer and non-public offer superannuation funds. It also reveals differences in the rate and extent of female representation among member and employer representatives on these trustee boards. Finally, it shows that there is a widening pool of females appointed to superannuation trustee boards rather than a shallow pool of women who serve on multiple boards.
{"title":"Gender diversity on superannuation trustee boards in Australia – evidence from profit-to-member funds","authors":"M. Westcott, Tien Nguyen","doi":"10.1080/10301763.2022.2137937","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10301763.2022.2137937","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT There has been a sustained public policy focus on the governance of superannuation funds in Australia due to the compulsory nature of the superannuation system established in 1992. Much of the attention on governance relates to the independence of directors on the trustee board companies of profit-to-member funds. Little consideration has been given to the gender diversity of these boards. This article explores changes to gender diversity on the trustee boards of 59 profit-to-member superannuation funds between 2010 and 2019. It shows a steady increase in the proportion of females appointed to these boards over this ten-year period. It draws out some important differences in female representation on public offer and non-public offer superannuation funds. It also reveals differences in the rate and extent of female representation among member and employer representatives on these trustee boards. Finally, it shows that there is a widening pool of females appointed to superannuation trustee boards rather than a shallow pool of women who serve on multiple boards.","PeriodicalId":45265,"journal":{"name":"Labour & Industry-A Journal of the Social and Economic Relations of Work","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44623486","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-07-03DOI: 10.1080/10301763.2022.2120349
Erica Smith
ABSTRACT This article examines the work and training of security officers employed by private security organisations for COVID-19 hotel quarantine contracts in Victoria, Australia. It reports on research fieldwork in the work of security officers and on analysis of training for the occupation. In March 2020, the occupation moved into the national spotlight, as the COVID-19 pandemic led to the use of hotel quarantine in Australia for travellers arriving from overseas. The employment conditions of, and inadequate training for, quarantine hotel security staff were found to be major contributors to a major COVID outbreak from July to September 2020. The article examines these developments in the light of the research findings about the nature of the security industry, particularly outsourcing and contracting issues, and the historic undervaluing of the work undertaken by security staff. These topics are especially important as security officers are increasingly used to support public security and safety.
{"title":"Protecting us from the pandemic? Reframing the work of security officers in quarantine hotels in Australia","authors":"Erica Smith","doi":"10.1080/10301763.2022.2120349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/10301763.2022.2120349","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article examines the work and training of security officers employed by private security organisations for COVID-19 hotel quarantine contracts in Victoria, Australia. It reports on research fieldwork in the work of security officers and on analysis of training for the occupation. In March 2020, the occupation moved into the national spotlight, as the COVID-19 pandemic led to the use of hotel quarantine in Australia for travellers arriving from overseas. The employment conditions of, and inadequate training for, quarantine hotel security staff were found to be major contributors to a major COVID outbreak from July to September 2020. The article examines these developments in the light of the research findings about the nature of the security industry, particularly outsourcing and contracting issues, and the historic undervaluing of the work undertaken by security staff. These topics are especially important as security officers are increasingly used to support public security and safety.","PeriodicalId":45265,"journal":{"name":"Labour & Industry-A Journal of the Social and Economic Relations of Work","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.4,"publicationDate":"2022-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49395977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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