A dynamic model of a multi-unit air conditioning system in a generic bus was developed to investigate different control strategies on the system performance and the cabin comfort level. In this study, a part-load condition was considered, where adopting a proper strategy for governing a multi-unit system is important. Simulink and Simscape toolbox from MATLAB (R2019a) were used to build up the real-time model by integrating a cooling system with a cabin sub-model. The cooling system consists of two independently controlled units, based on a Vapour Compression Cycle (VCC). The cabin is modelled using a moisture air network and is coupled with the cooling system to exchange heat with the refrigerant through the evaporators. Moreover, the sensible and latent loads are incorporated into the cabin by a thermal network. Six different strategies were implemented using different criteria, to investigate the average power and COP (Coefficient of Performance) under a part-load condition. The comfort level was obtained in terms of the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD) indices. Results are suggestive of a link between the implemented control strategy of a multi-unit AC system and its performance. Results showed that five out of the six proposed strategies might be chosen, depending on the adopted trade-off policy between the comfort level and the system energy demand. In this way, the numerical approach introduced here along with the combination of the presented findings, provide a good support for the decision-making on thermal management inside the cabin, based on the energy consumption and the thermal comfort level.
{"title":"Dynamic Modelling and Performance Prediction of a Multi-unit Baseline Air Conditioning System for a Generic Bus under Part-Load Conditions","authors":"E. Afrasiabian, R. Douglas, R. Best","doi":"10.4271/02-14-02-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/02-14-02-0015","url":null,"abstract":"A dynamic model of a multi-unit air conditioning system in a generic bus was developed to investigate different control strategies on the system performance and the cabin comfort level. In this study, a part-load condition was considered, where adopting a proper strategy for governing a multi-unit system is important. Simulink and Simscape toolbox from MATLAB (R2019a) were used to build up the real-time model by integrating a cooling system with a cabin sub-model. The cooling system consists of two independently controlled units, based on a Vapour Compression Cycle (VCC). The cabin is modelled using a moisture air network and is coupled with the cooling system to exchange heat with the refrigerant through the evaporators. Moreover, the sensible and latent loads are incorporated into the cabin by a thermal network. Six different strategies were implemented using different criteria, to investigate the average power and COP (Coefficient of Performance) under a part-load condition. The comfort level was obtained in terms of the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV) and Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied (PPD) indices. Results are suggestive of a link between the implemented control strategy of a multi-unit AC system and its performance. Results showed that five out of the six proposed strategies might be chosen, depending on the adopted trade-off policy between the comfort level and the system energy demand. In this way, the numerical approach introduced here along with the combination of the presented findings, provide a good support for the decision-making on thermal management inside the cabin, based on the energy consumption and the thermal comfort level.","PeriodicalId":45281,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43373993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clutch Disengagement Control of a Dual-Speed Transmission for Electric Vans","authors":"Senqi Tan, Jue Yang, Xinxin Zhao, A. Khajepour","doi":"10.4271/02-14-02-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/02-14-02-0013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45281,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48119853","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Jelaska, Milan Perkušić, Srdjan Podrug, Vjekoslav Tvrdić
{"title":"A Novel Approach to Energy Management Strategy for Hybrid Electric Vehicles","authors":"D. Jelaska, Milan Perkušić, Srdjan Podrug, Vjekoslav Tvrdić","doi":"10.4271/02-14-02-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/02-14-02-0010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45281,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45968805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
D. Song, Liang Weizhi, Xiaohua Zeng, Guanghan Li, Yang Lili
{"title":"Modeling for Hydraulic Hub Motor Drive System Based on Node Cavity Method","authors":"D. Song, Liang Weizhi, Xiaohua Zeng, Guanghan Li, Yang Lili","doi":"10.4271/02-14-02-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/02-14-02-0011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45281,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-02-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45469872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
. With the development of artificial intelligence (AI), autonomous vehicle technology has become a hot research spot in this era, which can effectively improve driving safety and greatly secure driver’s operations. As one of the key technologies for automated vehicles, planning a safe and highly effective path is the key premise and can guarantee for road safety. Therefore, it has a significant impact on academic research and commercial applications. In this paper, we take autonomous vehicles as our research theme, collect, summarize, compare and evaluate those state-of-the-art algorithms of path planning. Our ultimate goal is to create a novel path planning algorithm based on the unique characteristic of autonomous vehicles, explore and exploit its further value.
{"title":"A Survey of Path Planning Algorithms for Autonomous Vehicles","authors":"Ming Yu, Yanqiang Li, Zihui Zhang, Weiqi Yan","doi":"10.4271/02-14-01-0007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/02-14-01-0007","url":null,"abstract":". With the development of artificial intelligence (AI), autonomous vehicle technology has become a hot research spot in this era, which can effectively improve driving safety and greatly secure driver’s operations. As one of the key technologies for automated vehicles, planning a safe and highly effective path is the key premise and can guarantee for road safety. Therefore, it has a significant impact on academic research and commercial applications. In this paper, we take autonomous vehicles as our research theme, collect, summarize, compare and evaluate those state-of-the-art algorithms of path planning. Our ultimate goal is to create a novel path planning algorithm based on the unique characteristic of autonomous vehicles, explore and exploit its further value.","PeriodicalId":45281,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43862489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vishesh Kashyap, Priyanshu Mittal, B. B. Arora, A. Arora, Sourajit Bhattacharjee
{"title":"Computationally Analyzing the Impact of Spherical Depressions on the Sides of Hatchback Cars","authors":"Vishesh Kashyap, Priyanshu Mittal, B. B. Arora, A. Arora, Sourajit Bhattacharjee","doi":"10.4271/02-14-01-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/02-14-01-0008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45281,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2021-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47050605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The SAE International Journal of Electrified Vehicles would like to thank and acknowledge the reviewers who have done peer reviews on articles over the last 2 years
SAE国际电动汽车杂志在此感谢并感谢在过去两年中对文章进行同行评审的审稿人
{"title":"2019-2020 Reviewers","authors":"Simona Onori","doi":"10.4271/02-13-03-0019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/02-13-03-0019","url":null,"abstract":"The SAE International Journal of Electrified Vehicles would like to thank and acknowledge the reviewers who have done peer reviews on articles over the last 2 years","PeriodicalId":45281,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42199772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Alexander Schoen, A. Byerly, E. C. Santos, Z. Ben-Miled
This article investigates the ability of data-driven models to estimate instantaneous fuel consumption over 1 km road segments from different routes for different heavy-duty vehicles from the same fleet. Models are created using three different techniques: parametric, linear regression, and artificial neural networks. The proposed models use features derived from vehicle speed, mass, and road grade, which can be easily obtained from telematics devices, in addition to power take-off (PTO) active time, which is needed to capture the power requested by accessories in several heavy-duty vehicles. The robustness of these models with respect to the training data selection is improved by using k-fold cross-validation. Moreover, the inherent underestimation or overestimation bias of the model is calculated and used to offset the fuel consumption estimates for new routes. The study shows that the target application dictates the choice of model features. In fact, the results indicate that depending on the vocation the linear regression and neural network models, which use the same input features, are able to adequately differentiate between the fuel consumption of two
{"title":"Route-Sensitive Fuel Consumption Models for Heavy-Duty Vehicles","authors":"Alexander Schoen, A. Byerly, E. C. Santos, Z. Ben-Miled","doi":"10.4271/02-14-01-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/02-14-01-0006","url":null,"abstract":"This article investigates the ability of data-driven models to estimate instantaneous fuel consumption over 1 km road segments from different routes for different heavy-duty vehicles from the same fleet. Models are created using three different techniques: parametric, linear regression, and artificial neural networks. The proposed models use features derived from vehicle speed, mass, and road grade, which can be easily obtained from telematics devices, in addition to power take-off (PTO) active time, which is needed to capture the power requested by accessories in several heavy-duty vehicles. The robustness of these models with respect to the training data selection is improved by using k-fold cross-validation. Moreover, the inherent underestimation or overestimation bias of the model is calculated and used to offset the fuel consumption estimates for new routes. The study shows that the target application dictates the choice of model features. In fact, the results indicate that depending on the vocation the linear regression and neural network models, which use the same input features, are able to adequately differentiate between the fuel consumption of two","PeriodicalId":45281,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48530285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A New Approach of Antiskid Braking System (ABS) via Disk Pad Position Control (PPC) Method","authors":"H. Ismail, W. Chieng, S. Jeng","doi":"10.4271/02-14-01-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/02-14-01-0004","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45281,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44086982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Sensitivity Analysis of Heavy Vehicle Air Brake System to Air Leakage","authors":"S. Bagherpour, M. Akbarzadeh, S. Mouloodi","doi":"10.4271/02-14-01-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/02-14-01-0005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45281,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2020-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45330966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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