The interface pressure distribution is an important indicator for evaluating the static comfort of the seat. At present, the interface pressure of a real person is acquired through testing and used in assessing the seat comfort, which has poor consistency and accuracy, and it is difficult to combine the test results of different persons to make an objective evaluation. The idea is presented to evaluate the seat static comfort by the objective interface pressure. The H-point machine (HPM) is the standard loading device which can be used to acquire the objective interface pressure. The test criterion was made, and the measurement consistency of the standard loading device passed the experimental verification. As a case study, five seats were selected to obtain the subjective rating of static comfort and the objective interface pressure data. Based on these data, the evaluation model of seat static comfort was established. The above standard loading device, the objective interface pressure test criteria, and the seat static comfort evaluation model form a comprehensive system for assessing seat static comfort. By using the system in evaluating and optimizing the studied seat and by the afterward validation, the method of evaluating the seat static comfort by the objective interface pressure illustrated reliable and accurate performance, which is easy to use and showed the good value of engineering application.
{"title":"Research on Seat Static Comfort Evaluation Based on Objective\u0000 Interface Pressure","authors":"T. Zhang, Jindong Ren","doi":"10.4271/02-16-04-0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/02-16-04-0023","url":null,"abstract":"The interface pressure distribution is an important indicator for evaluating the\u0000 static comfort of the seat. At present, the interface pressure of a real person\u0000 is acquired through testing and used in assessing the seat comfort, which has\u0000 poor consistency and accuracy, and it is difficult to combine the test results\u0000 of different persons to make an objective evaluation. The idea is presented to\u0000 evaluate the seat static comfort by the objective interface pressure. The\u0000 H-point machine (HPM) is the standard loading device which can be used to\u0000 acquire the objective interface pressure. The test criterion was made, and the\u0000 measurement consistency of the standard loading device passed the experimental\u0000 verification. As a case study, five seats were selected to obtain the subjective\u0000 rating of static comfort and the objective interface pressure data. Based on\u0000 these data, the evaluation model of seat static comfort was established. The\u0000 above standard loading device, the objective interface pressure test criteria,\u0000 and the seat static comfort evaluation model form a comprehensive system for\u0000 assessing seat static comfort. By using the system in evaluating and optimizing\u0000 the studied seat and by the afterward validation, the method of evaluating the\u0000 seat static comfort by the objective interface pressure illustrated reliable and\u0000 accurate performance, which is easy to use and showed the good value of\u0000 engineering application.","PeriodicalId":45281,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46578797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wheel loaders are widely used in construction projects. In order to reduce pollution and energy consumption, major wheel loader manufacturers are developing electric powertrain technology. Our main research goal is to reduce the energy consumption of a pure electric loader. This study is intended to build a vehicle simulation model of a multiple drive motor electric loader. According to the common working conditions and empirical formulas of the loader, the simulation data of the electric loader are calculated. The torque distribution control strategy based on the optimal efficiency of the motor is designed for the multiple drive motor electric loader and is compared with the equal proportion distribution control and the axle load ratio distribution control through simulation analysis. The simulation results show that the proposed torque distribution control strategy based on motor optimal efficiency can reduce energy consumption by 7–12%.
{"title":"Torque Distribution Control Strategy of Electric Wheel Loader with\u0000 Multiple Drive Motors Based on Optimal Motor Efficiency","authors":"Yangjun Wang, Yulun Hu, Qiaohong Ming","doi":"10.4271/02-16-03-0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/02-16-03-0017","url":null,"abstract":"Wheel loaders are widely used in construction projects. In order to reduce\u0000 pollution and energy consumption, major wheel loader manufacturers are\u0000 developing electric powertrain technology. Our main research goal is to reduce\u0000 the energy consumption of a pure electric loader. This study is intended to\u0000 build a vehicle simulation model of a multiple drive motor electric loader.\u0000 According to the common working conditions and empirical formulas of the loader,\u0000 the simulation data of the electric loader are calculated. The torque\u0000 distribution control strategy based on the optimal efficiency of the motor is\u0000 designed for the multiple drive motor electric loader and is compared with the\u0000 equal proportion distribution control and the axle load ratio distribution\u0000 control through simulation analysis. The simulation results show that the\u0000 proposed torque distribution control strategy based on motor optimal efficiency\u0000 can reduce energy consumption by 7–12%.","PeriodicalId":45281,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45455000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology has played an important role in improving the active safety of autonomous vehicles. In order to improve the stability of the autonomous vehicle on the curved road, this article presents a pre-emptive braking control method based on V2X technology. Instead of using the active safety system to try to stabilize the vehicle in case of danger, the pre-emptive braking action is proposed to reduce the vehicle speed in advance to a level that allows safe navigation of the turn to avoid danger. It is assumed that the friction and curvature of the curved road ahead can be obtained through V2X technology. Combined with a linear two degrees of freedom (2-DOF) bicycle model, an optimal control method is adopted to calculate the front and rear wheel steering angles to track the centerline of the curve lane. A more complex vehicle dynamics model established earlier is selected for simulation analysis to verify the proposed control method. The results show that the proposed control method can improve greatly the stability of the autonomous vehicle on the curved road.
{"title":"Pre-emptive Braking Control for Stability Improvement of Autonomous\u0000 Vehicles on a Curved Road Based on Vehicle-to-Everything\u0000 Technology","authors":"C. Huang, Fei Lai","doi":"10.4271/02-16-03-0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/02-16-03-0018","url":null,"abstract":"Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) technology has played an important role in improving\u0000 the active safety of autonomous vehicles. In order to improve the stability of\u0000 the autonomous vehicle on the curved road, this article presents a pre-emptive\u0000 braking control method based on V2X technology. Instead of using the active\u0000 safety system to try to stabilize the vehicle in case of danger, the pre-emptive\u0000 braking action is proposed to reduce the vehicle speed in advance to a level\u0000 that allows safe navigation of the turn to avoid danger. It is assumed that the\u0000 friction and curvature of the curved road ahead can be obtained through V2X\u0000 technology. Combined with a linear two degrees of freedom (2-DOF) bicycle model,\u0000 an optimal control method is adopted to calculate the front and rear wheel\u0000 steering angles to track the centerline of the curve lane. A more complex\u0000 vehicle dynamics model established earlier is selected for simulation analysis\u0000 to verify the proposed control method. The results show that the proposed\u0000 control method can improve greatly the stability of the autonomous vehicle on\u0000 the curved road.","PeriodicalId":45281,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42199103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Research on the Simulation of Human-Seat Interface Pressure with\u0000 Consideration of the Effect of Seat Cover","authors":"Tianming Zhang, Jindong Ren, Shimin Qi, Baoguo Yuan, Hao-Tse Huang","doi":"10.4271/02-16-03-0016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/02-16-03-0016","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45281,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2023-01-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47569020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dimensionless Analysis of Rearward Amplification of Trucks with\u0000 Single and Double Trailers: A Frequency Analysis","authors":"Zichen Zhang, Yang Chen, M. Ahmadian","doi":"10.4271/02-16-03-0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/02-16-03-0015","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45281,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46415845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Sharma, L. Gopala Rao, S. Sharma, S. Palli, V. Satyanarayana
{"title":"Analysis of Lateral Stability and Ride of an Indian Railway\u0000 Constrained Dual-Axle Bogie Frame","authors":"R. Sharma, L. Gopala Rao, S. Sharma, S. Palli, V. Satyanarayana","doi":"10.4271/02-16-02-0014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/02-16-02-0014","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45281,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-11-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41873404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reynolds Equivalent Rolling Road 1/3 Scale Tractor-Trailer Wind\u0000 Tunnel Model","authors":"Ben Brady, J. Brzustowicz","doi":"10.4271/02-16-02-0013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/02-16-02-0013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45281,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47413528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of Yaw and Lateral Offset on the Aerodynamics of a\u0000 Two-Truck Platoon","authors":"Johannes Törnell, S. Sebben, P. Elofsson","doi":"10.4271/02-16-02-0010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/02-16-02-0010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45281,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49472699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Semeraro, A. Cioffi, Emanuele Pellegrino, P. Schito, M. Vignati
{"title":"Numerical Analysis of Wind-Break Fences for Truck Stability in\u0000 Crosswind","authors":"F. Semeraro, A. Cioffi, Emanuele Pellegrino, P. Schito, M. Vignati","doi":"10.4271/02-16-02-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/02-16-02-0011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45281,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47331801","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Parameter Optimization of the Cab Suspension for Commercial Vehicles\u0000 Based on the Differential Evolution Genetic Algorithms","authors":"Xin Yan, T. Yin, Y. Wang, K. Jia, Dan Wang","doi":"10.4271/02-16-02-0012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4271/02-16-02-0012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45281,"journal":{"name":"SAE International Journal of Commercial Vehicles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.5,"publicationDate":"2022-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42080282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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