Pub Date : 2023-09-03DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2023.2251788
Markus Hadler, Albin Neumayr
The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) recently released the 5th survey on the perception of social inequalities. The data was collected in more than 30 countries around the globe. This introduction offers an overview of the substantive contributions that are included in the two special issues on these data. It also presents results from an analysis of the recent ISSP data that shows how people perceive social inequalities, assess current levels of taxation and the performance of the government, experience inequality, and to what extent they trust other people. Despite evident variations across countries, the analysis highlights that respondents’ views continue to align with the conventional classification of countries into liberal welfare states, Scandinavian welfare states, continental welfare states, and post-communist countries.
{"title":"The Perception of Social Inequality Around the Globe. Editorial Introduction to the 2019 ISSP Social Inequality Module and Selected Country-Level Findings","authors":"Markus Hadler, Albin Neumayr","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2023.2251788","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2023.2251788","url":null,"abstract":"The International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) recently released the 5th survey on the perception of social inequalities. The data was collected in more than 30 countries around the globe. This introduction offers an overview of the substantive contributions that are included in the two special issues on these data. It also presents results from an analysis of the recent ISSP data that shows how people perceive social inequalities, assess current levels of taxation and the performance of the government, experience inequality, and to what extent they trust other people. Despite evident variations across countries, the analysis highlights that respondents’ views continue to align with the conventional classification of countries into liberal welfare states, Scandinavian welfare states, continental welfare states, and post-communist countries.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134948034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2023.2242212
B. Roberts, J. Struwig, Jonas Edlund, A. Lindh
Abstract Coinciding with a trend of rising economic divides within many countries, scholarly interest in the subject of inequality has grown significantly in the twenty first century. Since its creation in 1987, the Social Inequality module of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) has evolved into an exceptionally comprehensive country-comparative individual-level database on public beliefs about inequality and socioeconomic conditions. The module stands out among international surveys due to its extensive thematic depth and breadth, along with the long timespan it covers. This provides unique opportunities for charting and monitoring longitudinal trends in social inequality, as well as for conducting comparative analyses aimed at advancing theories that incorporate the national context as an integral part of the explanatory framework. This article describes the content, coverage, and history of the fifth wave of the Social Inequality module (2019). This survey wave was conducted in 34 countries and combines previously fielded topics with new ones that speak to current debates in different areas of inequality research. The fifth wave introduces new questions focusing on anger and unfairness, reducing inequality by market actors, government inefficacy, lived experience of inequality, economic insecurity and deprivation, and social trust.
{"title":"The ISSP 2019 Social Inequality Module: Country-Comparative Individual-Level Data on Public Beliefs about Inequality and Socioeconomic Conditions Over Three Decades","authors":"B. Roberts, J. Struwig, Jonas Edlund, A. Lindh","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2023.2242212","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2023.2242212","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Coinciding with a trend of rising economic divides within many countries, scholarly interest in the subject of inequality has grown significantly in the twenty first century. Since its creation in 1987, the Social Inequality module of the International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) has evolved into an exceptionally comprehensive country-comparative individual-level database on public beliefs about inequality and socioeconomic conditions. The module stands out among international surveys due to its extensive thematic depth and breadth, along with the long timespan it covers. This provides unique opportunities for charting and monitoring longitudinal trends in social inequality, as well as for conducting comparative analyses aimed at advancing theories that incorporate the national context as an integral part of the explanatory framework. This article describes the content, coverage, and history of the fifth wave of the Social Inequality module (2019). This survey wave was conducted in 34 countries and combines previously fielded topics with new ones that speak to current debates in different areas of inequality research. The fifth wave introduces new questions focusing on anger and unfairness, reducing inequality by market actors, government inefficacy, lived experience of inequality, economic insecurity and deprivation, and social trust.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":"55 1","pages":"333 - 350"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79055712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-31DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2023.2244266
L. Dimova, Martin Dimov
Abstract Aiming to broaden the knowledge about Subjective Social Status Inequalities (SSSI), this short article examines the determinants WHERE and WHY people self-place themselves in the Top-Bottom societal ladder, WHAT makes them choose location. Employing multi-stage modelling on self-reported data from 27 countries in the ISSP’19 we focus on the polar ‘Higher’ and ‘Lower’ status groups, derived from 41,930 individuals' perceptions. To capture the cross-cultural perspectives of the subjective status architecture, we categorize countries into four segments based on Gini coefficient and GDP PP. Findings affirm prior studies (Kelley, Goldthorpe) that neither well-being nor income would alone explain the SSSI. Advanced machine learning analyses emerges ancestry as the primary influencer in the innovative factors’ battery, followed by social class, 'making ends meet', education, ethnicity. Subjective status groups persist across generations, residing in familiar environments, perpetuating their positions. In a cross-national context North and Central European societies display the highest subjective egalitarianism.
{"title":"Are the subjective social status inequalities persistent?","authors":"L. Dimova, Martin Dimov","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2023.2244266","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2023.2244266","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Aiming to broaden the knowledge about Subjective Social Status Inequalities (SSSI), this short article examines the determinants WHERE and WHY people self-place themselves in the Top-Bottom societal ladder, WHAT makes them choose location. Employing multi-stage modelling on self-reported data from 27 countries in the ISSP’19 we focus on the polar ‘Higher’ and ‘Lower’ status groups, derived from 41,930 individuals' perceptions. To capture the cross-cultural perspectives of the subjective status architecture, we categorize countries into four segments based on Gini coefficient and GDP PP. Findings affirm prior studies (Kelley, Goldthorpe) that neither well-being nor income would alone explain the SSSI. Advanced machine learning analyses emerges ancestry as the primary influencer in the innovative factors’ battery, followed by social class, 'making ends meet', education, ethnicity. Subjective status groups persist across generations, residing in familiar environments, perpetuating their positions. In a cross-national context North and Central European societies display the highest subjective egalitarianism.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":"449 1","pages":"373 - 391"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82961304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-14DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2023.2226483
M. Haller, Anja Eder, Markus Hadler
{"title":"Changes in attitudes toward inequality and social justice in Austria, the Czech Republic, Hungary, and Slovakia: historical legacies, social pasts and recent developments","authors":"M. Haller, Anja Eder, Markus Hadler","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2023.2226483","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2023.2226483","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90415672","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2023.2227457
Stuart Fox, Chris Taylor, C. Evans, G. Rees
Abstract Social research consistently identifies education as a key driver of social capital, providing skills, experiences and values facilitating social interaction. This theory cannot explain, however, why indicators of social capital (such as social trust) have not increased despite the massification of higher education in Europe and America. Efforts to explain this paradox have suggested the sorting effects of education may be more important for understanding how it is related to social capital. Empirical applications of this theory have produced mixed results, however, and the literature is dominated by a US focus and methodological disputes that make determining generalizability beyond the US difficult. This research attempts to reconcile some of the methodological disputes and examines the sorting effect of education on social capital in the UK. It finds no evidence of educational sorting for behavioral indicators of social capital, but strong evidence for social trust.
{"title":"The Positional Effects of Education on Social Capital in the UK","authors":"Stuart Fox, Chris Taylor, C. Evans, G. Rees","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2023.2227457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2023.2227457","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Social research consistently identifies education as a key driver of social capital, providing skills, experiences and values facilitating social interaction. This theory cannot explain, however, why indicators of social capital (such as social trust) have not increased despite the massification of higher education in Europe and America. Efforts to explain this paradox have suggested the sorting effects of education may be more important for understanding how it is related to social capital. Empirical applications of this theory have produced mixed results, however, and the literature is dominated by a US focus and methodological disputes that make determining generalizability beyond the US difficult. This research attempts to reconcile some of the methodological disputes and examines the sorting effect of education on social capital in the UK. It finds no evidence of educational sorting for behavioral indicators of social capital, but strong evidence for social trust.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":"42 1","pages":"261 - 282"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76829724","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-27DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2023.2227458
W. Cole
Abstract Although the Covid-19 pandemic has renewed attention to the problem of vaccine hesitancy, vaccination rates for common childhood vaccines such as measles and pertussis have declined in many countries around the world for over a decade. To investigate the potential role of politicization in this decline, I analyze the relationship between the ideological composition of societies and childhood vaccination rates for measles, diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus in 88 countries between 1995 and 2018, using pooled cross-national data from the World Values Survey, World Bank, and other sources. Controlling for other key determinants of vaccine uptake, coverage is highest in ideologically moderate societies and lowest in countries that skew to the Right of the political spectrum, while vaccination rates increase when countervailing ideological views are sufficiently well represented in a society. I relate these findings to theories of identity construction and maintenance, focusing especially on the “plausibility structures” approach in the phenomenological tradition and the “subcultural identity” perspective developed in religious contexts.
{"title":"Political Ideology and Childhood Vaccination in Cross-National Perspective, 1995 to 2018","authors":"W. Cole","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2023.2227458","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2023.2227458","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Although the Covid-19 pandemic has renewed attention to the problem of vaccine hesitancy, vaccination rates for common childhood vaccines such as measles and pertussis have declined in many countries around the world for over a decade. To investigate the potential role of politicization in this decline, I analyze the relationship between the ideological composition of societies and childhood vaccination rates for measles, diphtheria, pertussis, and tetanus in 88 countries between 1995 and 2018, using pooled cross-national data from the World Values Survey, World Bank, and other sources. Controlling for other key determinants of vaccine uptake, coverage is highest in ideologically moderate societies and lowest in countries that skew to the Right of the political spectrum, while vaccination rates increase when countervailing ideological views are sufficiently well represented in a society. I relate these findings to theories of identity construction and maintenance, focusing especially on the “plausibility structures” approach in the phenomenological tradition and the “subcultural identity” perspective developed in religious contexts.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":"52 1","pages":"283 - 320"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87428600","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-22DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2023.2226484
S. Mejia
Abstract The foreign investment and economic growth relationship in developing countries have attracted considerable attention in comparative international sociology. However, despite nearly fifty years of research, this relationship is still not well understood. I bring new cross-national evidence to bear upon this issue with analyses that improve upon previous research on the foreign direct investment and economic growth nexus in developing countries. I analyze cross-national longitudinal data using panel regression models with fixed effects and instrumental variables to account for possible endogeneity. Foreign capital penetration appears to be positively associated with economic growth in developing countries, which supports the expectations of neoclassical economic theory. Rather than critiquing any particular theoretical paradigm, this research hopefully serves to help reinvigorate scholarly discussion amongst comparative international social scientists regarding the economic growth effects of foreign direct investment in developing countries.
{"title":"The economic growth effects of foreign direct investment in developing countries, 1980–2019","authors":"S. Mejia","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2023.2226484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2023.2226484","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The foreign investment and economic growth relationship in developing countries have attracted considerable attention in comparative international sociology. However, despite nearly fifty years of research, this relationship is still not well understood. I bring new cross-national evidence to bear upon this issue with analyses that improve upon previous research on the foreign direct investment and economic growth nexus in developing countries. I analyze cross-national longitudinal data using panel regression models with fixed effects and instrumental variables to account for possible endogeneity. Foreign capital penetration appears to be positively associated with economic growth in developing countries, which supports the expectations of neoclassical economic theory. Rather than critiquing any particular theoretical paradigm, this research hopefully serves to help reinvigorate scholarly discussion amongst comparative international social scientists regarding the economic growth effects of foreign direct investment in developing countries.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":"31 1","pages":"239 - 260"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91070737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-11DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2023.2222650
Frédéric Gonthier
Abstract The present study sets out to investigate the mechanism by which ordinary citizens are moved to anger toward economic inequality, and its political consequences. Since anger toward economic inequality is triggered by the perception that core distributive norms have been violated, it is argued that this emotional response mainly benefits political parties who defend redistributive values and establish clear responsibility for their violation. Results from twenty-six ISSP countries provide strong evidence that angry citizens are more inclined to vote for economically progressive populist parties and for economically progressive pluralist parties than for parties taking conservative stances on economic issues. This study thus lends empirical support to the assumption that populist parties attract angry voters by speaking the language of moral economy.
{"title":"It’s the Moral Economy, Stupid! Anger Toward Economic Inequality and Populist Voting","authors":"Frédéric Gonthier","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2023.2222650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2023.2222650","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The present study sets out to investigate the mechanism by which ordinary citizens are moved to anger toward economic inequality, and its political consequences. Since anger toward economic inequality is triggered by the perception that core distributive norms have been violated, it is argued that this emotional response mainly benefits political parties who defend redistributive values and establish clear responsibility for their violation. Results from twenty-six ISSP countries provide strong evidence that angry citizens are more inclined to vote for economically progressive populist parties and for economically progressive pluralist parties than for parties taking conservative stances on economic issues. This study thus lends empirical support to the assumption that populist parties attract angry voters by speaking the language of moral economy.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":"92 1","pages":"351 - 372"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80482084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-04DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2023.2199665
John M. Shandra, J. Sommer, Michael Restivo
Abstract For several decades, cross-national scholars have aimed to understand why democracy tends to be related to increased forest loss, despite theory suggesting the exact opposite directional relationship. Recently, Sanford (2021) finds that closer elections in democratic nations tend to increase forest loss. The author attributes this finding to be the result of clientelism or the targeted distribution of goods, services, jobs, and money in exchange for the political support of a candidate. However, we are not aware of any cross-national research that considers if higher levels of clientelism are related to increased forest loss in low- and middle-income nations. To fill this gap, we analyze data for 80 low- and middle-income nations using a two-stage instrumental variable regression model. We find that higher levels of clientelism correspond with increased forest loss after controlling for various economic, political, and demographic factors hypothesized to explain it.
{"title":"Clientelism and Forest loss in a Macro-Comparative perspective","authors":"John M. Shandra, J. Sommer, Michael Restivo","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2023.2199665","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2023.2199665","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract For several decades, cross-national scholars have aimed to understand why democracy tends to be related to increased forest loss, despite theory suggesting the exact opposite directional relationship. Recently, Sanford (2021) finds that closer elections in democratic nations tend to increase forest loss. The author attributes this finding to be the result of clientelism or the targeted distribution of goods, services, jobs, and money in exchange for the political support of a candidate. However, we are not aware of any cross-national research that considers if higher levels of clientelism are related to increased forest loss in low- and middle-income nations. To fill this gap, we analyze data for 80 low- and middle-income nations using a two-stage instrumental variable regression model. We find that higher levels of clientelism correspond with increased forest loss after controlling for various economic, political, and demographic factors hypothesized to explain it.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":"5 1","pages":"183 - 204"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74356332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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