Purpose: The study sought to analyze the factors contributing to extreme polarization of the society in South Africa Methodology: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The results show that polarization is strongly path dependent and sensitive to stochastic variation. Second, polarization depends strongly on the initial distribution of opinions in the population. In the absence of extremists, polarization may be mitigated. Noisy communication can drive a population toward more extreme opinions and even cause acute polarization. Finally, the apparent reduction in polarization under increased cultural complexity arises via a particular property of the polarization measurement, under which a population containing a wider diversity of extreme views is deemed less polarized. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The social comparison theory and Robert Tallisie theory may be used to anchor future studies in the political sector. The study results will also benefit other stakeholders such as the policy makers as well as researchers and scholars from different parts of the world. The top management of politics in the country will also use the study findings to improve the society and ensure high and stable performance in all their activities and programs. The study recommends that the adoption of effective social protection development policies in the society will help to improve efficiency in their major operations and activities. This work has implications for understanding the population dynamics of beliefs opinions and polarization as well as broader implications for the analysis of agent-based models of social phenomena.
{"title":"Factors Contributing to Extreme Polarization of the Society in South Africa","authors":"Nelson Madjozi","doi":"10.47604/ijs.1825","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijs.1825","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study sought to analyze the factors contributing to extreme polarization of the society in South Africa \u0000Methodology: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. \u0000Findings: The results show that polarization is strongly path dependent and sensitive to stochastic variation. Second, polarization depends strongly on the initial distribution of opinions in the population. In the absence of extremists, polarization may be mitigated. Noisy communication can drive a population toward more extreme opinions and even cause acute polarization. Finally, the apparent reduction in polarization under increased cultural complexity arises via a particular property of the polarization measurement, under which a population containing a wider diversity of extreme views is deemed less polarized. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The social comparison theory and Robert Tallisie theory may be used to anchor future studies in the political sector. The study results will also benefit other stakeholders such as the policy makers as well as researchers and scholars from different parts of the world. The top management of politics in the country will also use the study findings to improve the society and ensure high and stable performance in all their activities and programs. The study recommends that the adoption of effective social protection development policies in the society will help to improve efficiency in their major operations and activities. This work has implications for understanding the population dynamics of beliefs opinions and polarization as well as broader implications for the analysis of agent-based models of social phenomena.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73452608","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The study sought to investigate association between social media usage and depression among teenagers in Unites States of America. Materials and Methods: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Results: The study found that there has been a rapid growth in social media among teenagers in the states. University students are the highest users of internet in the country. Consuming social media at a higher rate was found to bring about negative consequences on the individuals. These include problematic social relationships, poor academic performance and psychological disturbance. Based on the findings, it was concluded that there was need to identify and help the affected teenagers exercise moderation and self-control when using social media platform in order for them to achieve their lifetime goals. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and The Albert Ellis' Cognitive Theory of Depression may be used to anchor future studies. There is need to organize seminars and conferences in the colleges with students to highlight the possible dangers of excessive social media usage and the measures that can be taken to mitigate the problem. There is need to regulate the nonacademic content that can be accessed through college computer labs like pornography and other non-educational material.
{"title":"Association between Social Media Usage and Depression among Teenagers in Unites States of America","authors":"Henry M. Muller","doi":"10.47604/ijs.1816","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijs.1816","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study sought to investigate association between social media usage and depression among teenagers in Unites States of America. \u0000Materials and Methods: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. \u0000Results: The study found that there has been a rapid growth in social media among teenagers in the states. University students are the highest users of internet in the country. Consuming social media at a higher rate was found to bring about negative consequences on the individuals. These include problematic social relationships, poor academic performance and psychological disturbance. Based on the findings, it was concluded that there was need to identify and help the affected teenagers exercise moderation and self-control when using social media platform in order for them to achieve their lifetime goals. \u0000Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) and The Albert Ellis' Cognitive Theory of Depression may be used to anchor future studies. There is need to organize seminars and conferences in the colleges with students to highlight the possible dangers of excessive social media usage and the measures that can be taken to mitigate the problem. There is need to regulate the nonacademic content that can be accessed through college computer labs like pornography and other non-educational material.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83141810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The study sought to analyze the impacts of sensationalized media coverage and perception on current events in Myanmar Methodology: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The results show that showed that sensationalist television news tends to be more negatively evaluated than non-sensationalist news. In addition, critical views on arousing content appeared to be particularly visible among young and middle-aged adults. These findings suggest that the rise of sensationalist news could be an explanation of the declining trust in news media that is witnessed in a number of countries Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The media logic theory and the agenda setting theory may be used to anchor future studies in the information sector. The study results will also benefit other stakeholders such as the policy makers as well as researchers and scholars from different parts of the world. The top management of media companies industries in the country will also use the study findings to improve social media coverage performance in all their activities and programs. The study recommends that the adoption of effective social protection development policies in the media will help to improve efficiency in their major operations and activities.
{"title":"Impact of Sensationalized Media Coverage and Perception on Current Events in Myanmar","authors":"Win Chi","doi":"10.47604/ijs.1827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijs.1827","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study sought to analyze the impacts of sensationalized media coverage and perception on current events in Myanmar \u0000Methodology: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. \u0000Findings: The results show that showed that sensationalist television news tends to be more negatively evaluated than non-sensationalist news. In addition, critical views on arousing content appeared to be particularly visible among young and middle-aged adults. These findings suggest that the rise of sensationalist news could be an explanation of the declining trust in news media that is witnessed in a number of countries \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The media logic theory and the agenda setting theory may be used to anchor future studies in the information sector. The study results will also benefit other stakeholders such as the policy makers as well as researchers and scholars from different parts of the world. The top management of media companies industries in the country will also use the study findings to improve social media coverage performance in all their activities and programs. The study recommends that the adoption of effective social protection development policies in the media will help to improve efficiency in their major operations and activities.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76160540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The study sought to investigate impact of excessive screen time for work entertainment on eyesight. Methodology: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The study found that digital eye strain is non-vision-threatening but discomfort caused due to it can have implications on overall physical, mental, and social well-being. The study highlights the increase in digital screen time during the pandemic and the resultant eye strain. There is need of spreading awareness regarding the adverse effects of digital device use and the preventive measures to safeguard our ocular health. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The theory on planned behaviour was very instrumental in guiding the study, future studies can use the theory especially in shedding light on the impact of screen time on other health issues. No screen usage guidelines are there for adults till date thus our study strongly recommends that guidelines should be formulated and strictly imposed. It is also responsibility of parents to guide their children by becoming role model as well as emphasize digital etiquette. Screen time related problems are non vision‑threatening but discomfort caused due to it is gruesome in majority of population. With joint efforts of parents, policymakers, teachers, and health workers excessive screen time related issues could be superseded.
{"title":"Impact of Excessive Screen Time for Work Entertainment on Eyesight","authors":"Henry M. Muller","doi":"10.47604/ijs.1826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijs.1826","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study sought to investigate impact of excessive screen time for work entertainment on eyesight. \u0000Methodology: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. \u0000Findings: The study found that digital eye strain is non-vision-threatening but discomfort caused due to it can have implications on overall physical, mental, and social well-being. The study highlights the increase in digital screen time during the pandemic and the resultant eye strain. There is need of spreading awareness regarding the adverse effects of digital device use and the preventive measures to safeguard our ocular health. \u0000Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: The theory on planned behaviour was very instrumental in guiding the study, future studies can use the theory especially in shedding light on the impact of screen time on other health issues. No screen usage guidelines are there for adults till date thus our study strongly recommends that guidelines should be formulated and strictly imposed. It is also responsibility of parents to guide their children by becoming role model as well as emphasize digital etiquette. Screen time related problems are non vision‑threatening but discomfort caused due to it is gruesome in majority of population. With joint efforts of parents, policymakers, teachers, and health workers excessive screen time related issues could be superseded.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84976065","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The study sought to analyze the impacts of industrial revolution on the family structure in Nigeria Methodology: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. Findings: The results show that there has been a change of family structure since the pre industrialization era and the post industrialization era. The historical process of industrialization changed the ways in which families were structured and interacted. Family bonding are decreasing and divorce rate is increasing rapidly. These shift not only affected the roles of spouses and parents but also those of children. Industrialization changed gender roles and Enlightenment philosophies that inspired new ideals of equality, personal freedom, and individualism. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The modernization theory, Talcott Parsons’ theory and the classic sociological theory may be used to anchor future studies in the sociology sector. The study results will also benefit other stakeholders such as the policy makers as well as researchers and scholars from different parts of the world. The top management of both public and private industries in the country will also use the study findings to improve families and ensure high and stable performance in all their activities and programs. The study recommends that the adoption of effective social protection development policies in the family structure will help to improve efficiency in their major operations and activities.
{"title":"Impact of the Industrial Revolution on Family Structure in Nigeria","authors":"Todabi Ajabi","doi":"10.47604/ijs.1824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijs.1824","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study sought to analyze the impacts of industrial revolution on the family structure in Nigeria \u0000Methodology: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library. \u0000Findings: The results show that there has been a change of family structure since the pre industrialization era and the post industrialization era. The historical process of industrialization changed the ways in which families were structured and interacted. Family bonding are decreasing and divorce rate is increasing rapidly. These shift not only affected the roles of spouses and parents but also those of children. Industrialization changed gender roles and Enlightenment philosophies that inspired new ideals of equality, personal freedom, and individualism. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The modernization theory, Talcott Parsons’ theory and the classic sociological theory may be used to anchor future studies in the sociology sector. The study results will also benefit other stakeholders such as the policy makers as well as researchers and scholars from different parts of the world. The top management of both public and private industries in the country will also use the study findings to improve families and ensure high and stable performance in all their activities and programs. The study recommends that the adoption of effective social protection development policies in the family structure will help to improve efficiency in their major operations and activities.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86525205","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-03-03DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2023.2168867
Jacob Richard Thomas
Abstract After Australia and Canada adopted policies to admit immigrants of any nationality or race, the racial composition of immigrants did not immediately diversify. It only diversified after their governments adopted points systems to recruit immigrants with the education, language ability, and skills that would increase the national income of the migrant-receiving country. Why? I draw on archival documents to reveal how the organization of consular institutions and practices of bureaucrats limited how much immigrant sources diversified. However, the more human capital-rich people in White-majority countries lost interest in immigrating and the more non-White people in migrant-sending societies increased their human capital, the more frequently bureaucrats became amenable to admitting more racially diverse immigrants who could contribute more to national income and productivity than human capital-poor White immigrants. This emerging preference later stimulated the immigration department to geographically expand their organizational infrastructure to facilitate further non-White immigration. This study illustrates how scholars through a more intersectional lens can better potentially understand changes in institutions and norms along one dimension of identity (race) due to policies to admit a minority of non-White immigrants along another dimension (human capital).
{"title":"Bureaucratic and Organizational Amenability to Racial Diversification: How Points Systems Replaced White-Only Immigration Policies","authors":"Jacob Richard Thomas","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2023.2168867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2023.2168867","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract After Australia and Canada adopted policies to admit immigrants of any nationality or race, the racial composition of immigrants did not immediately diversify. It only diversified after their governments adopted points systems to recruit immigrants with the education, language ability, and skills that would increase the national income of the migrant-receiving country. Why? I draw on archival documents to reveal how the organization of consular institutions and practices of bureaucrats limited how much immigrant sources diversified. However, the more human capital-rich people in White-majority countries lost interest in immigrating and the more non-White people in migrant-sending societies increased their human capital, the more frequently bureaucrats became amenable to admitting more racially diverse immigrants who could contribute more to national income and productivity than human capital-poor White immigrants. This emerging preference later stimulated the immigration department to geographically expand their organizational infrastructure to facilitate further non-White immigration. This study illustrates how scholars through a more intersectional lens can better potentially understand changes in institutions and norms along one dimension of identity (race) due to policies to admit a minority of non-White immigrants along another dimension (human capital).","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-03-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75424789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-02-10DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2023.2173854
Romain Lecler
Abstract In less than 3 months in 2020, COVID-19 spread to more than 200 countries and turned into a global pandemic that affected all world regions. Far from being a “post-Westphalian” virus that knew no borders, COVID-19 remained embedded in unequal patterns of international mobilities. To substantiate this claim, I devised an original methodology inspired by “thing-following studies”. A dataset was created on all patients zero worldwide (n = 287) in the 206 countries where they were identified. Empirically, my findings dismantle some myth about the international spread of COVID-19. First, the data put Europe – rather than China – at the core of the pandemic: four Western European countries exported half of all patients zero to entire regions like South America or Africa, reflecting postcolonial legacies. Second, twothirds were in fact nationals who brought back the virus to their own country. Third, a majority were involved in cross-border activities relating to business, family, religion or education, rather than tourism – most of them middle-aged men. Theoretically, this demonstrates the strength of transnational activities among international mobilities. Transnationalism appears as a crucial – though deeply unequal – infrastructure of our current globalization.
{"title":"A Virus That Knew Borders. COVID-19 Patients Zero Worldwide and the Strength of Transnationalism","authors":"Romain Lecler","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2023.2173854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2023.2173854","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In less than 3 months in 2020, COVID-19 spread to more than 200 countries and turned into a global pandemic that affected all world regions. Far from being a “post-Westphalian” virus that knew no borders, COVID-19 remained embedded in unequal patterns of international mobilities. To substantiate this claim, I devised an original methodology inspired by “thing-following studies”. A dataset was created on all patients zero worldwide (n = 287) in the 206 countries where they were identified. Empirically, my findings dismantle some myth about the international spread of COVID-19. First, the data put Europe – rather than China – at the core of the pandemic: four Western European countries exported half of all patients zero to entire regions like South America or Africa, reflecting postcolonial legacies. Second, twothirds were in fact nationals who brought back the virus to their own country. Third, a majority were involved in cross-border activities relating to business, family, religion or education, rather than tourism – most of them middle-aged men. Theoretically, this demonstrates the strength of transnational activities among international mobilities. Transnationalism appears as a crucial – though deeply unequal – infrastructure of our current globalization.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-02-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83951353","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Tanzania has been implementing several initiatives to address the challenge of street children in the country. Despite such efforts, the child streetism has become the daily reality and has shown the sign of increasing. This dissertation is a study on the influence of poverty and family support on child streetism in urban Tanzania. Specifically, the paper focused on analysing the lived experiences of street children; describing the influence of the family support on children streetism. Methodology: The paper adopted interpretivism research paradigm using descriptive cross-sectional design and inductive research approach. It involved a total of 38 informants who were purposively selected while the snowballing sampling technique was used in accessing street children. Semi-structured interview, documentary review and observation method were conducted. Findings: Through thematic and content data analysis techniques, this study reveals that street children experienced difficulties in getting their basic needs and did not easily access health services when they fell sick. They also engaged into intra-violence among themselves. Further, child streetism has been largely influenced by lack of family support. Lack of family support included unwillingness of parents and guardians to carter for the needs of their children, single parenting and poor orphaned families with limited economic opportunities, abusive parenting and, absence of love and care to children i.e. child neglect. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: These negative consequences of inadequate family support were attributed by substance abuse and use by parents and guardians, family violence incidences including gender-based violence, death of one or all parents, relatives’ thirsty in confiscating family properties when the death of male parent occurs.
{"title":"Contribution of Family Support in Addressing Children Streetism in Dar Es Salaam and Dodoma Cities","authors":"Jeston Shitindi","doi":"10.47604/ijs.1742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/ijs.1742","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Tanzania has been implementing several initiatives to address the challenge of street children in the country. Despite such efforts, the child streetism has become the daily reality and has shown the sign of increasing. This dissertation is a study on the influence of poverty and family support on child streetism in urban Tanzania. Specifically, the paper focused on analysing the lived experiences of street children; describing the influence of the family support on children streetism. \u0000Methodology: The paper adopted interpretivism research paradigm using descriptive cross-sectional design and inductive research approach. It involved a total of 38 informants who were purposively selected while the snowballing sampling technique was used in accessing street children. Semi-structured interview, documentary review and observation method were conducted. \u0000Findings: Through thematic and content data analysis techniques, this study reveals that street children experienced difficulties in getting their basic needs and did not easily access health services when they fell sick. They also engaged into intra-violence among themselves. Further, child streetism has been largely influenced by lack of family support. Lack of family support included unwillingness of parents and guardians to carter for the needs of their children, single parenting and poor orphaned families with limited economic opportunities, abusive parenting and, absence of love and care to children i.e. child neglect. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: These negative consequences of inadequate family support were attributed by substance abuse and use by parents and guardians, family violence incidences including gender-based violence, death of one or all parents, relatives’ thirsty in confiscating family properties when the death of male parent occurs.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77330463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-19DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2023.2168888
O. Rakhmanov
Abstract This article investigates the sources of economic attitudes of Ukraine’s population based on the 7th wave of the WVS. It examines the utilitarian and sociocultural explanations of variations in the five dichotomies, which reflect pro-capitalist and pro-socialist views on various aspects of economic life. The utilitarian explanation suggests that economic attitudes associated with institutional change are determined primarily by socioeconomic status as a result of adaptation to market transformations. The culturalist explanation suggests that economic attitudes that reflect ethical aspects of economic life depend largely on regional and ethnolinguistic distinctions that were historically inherent in Ukrainian society. The empirical results provide robust support for the utilitarian explanation only in the case of supporting the government/individual responsibility for the provision of citizens. Instead, the socio-cultural explanation is reliable concerning the ethical aspects of economic life (income differentiation, competition assessment, source of success) and manifested itself in the case of attitudes toward private/state property in business and industry.
{"title":"Determinants of economic attitudes in a post-communist society: the case of Ukraine","authors":"O. Rakhmanov","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2023.2168888","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2023.2168888","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article investigates the sources of economic attitudes of Ukraine’s population based on the 7th wave of the WVS. It examines the utilitarian and sociocultural explanations of variations in the five dichotomies, which reflect pro-capitalist and pro-socialist views on various aspects of economic life. The utilitarian explanation suggests that economic attitudes associated with institutional change are determined primarily by socioeconomic status as a result of adaptation to market transformations. The culturalist explanation suggests that economic attitudes that reflect ethical aspects of economic life depend largely on regional and ethnolinguistic distinctions that were historically inherent in Ukrainian society. The empirical results provide robust support for the utilitarian explanation only in the case of supporting the government/individual responsibility for the provision of citizens. Instead, the socio-cultural explanation is reliable concerning the ethical aspects of economic life (income differentiation, competition assessment, source of success) and manifested itself in the case of attitudes toward private/state property in business and industry.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81067452","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-19DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2023.2167381
Panarat Anamwathana, Sawaros Thanapornsangsuth
Abstract The current Thai youth 1 (aged 15–24) have grown up in a time of political change and polarization. In 2020, resentment toward the junta government exploded in student-led protests not only at the university but also at the high-school and middle-school levels. This report provides historical backgrounds and investigates the political, economic, and socio-cultural factors that incited the movement. The objective is to describe the political context and explain this phenomenon based on relevant literature, news reports, and research with Thai high school students.
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