Purpose: The purpose of the study was to understand what the Nigerian graduates are passing through, most especially graduate of library and information science programme of Nigerian tertiary institutions. Findings: The statistics of unemployed graduates in Nigeria as at 2011 showed that a disheartening figure of 42.7 million with over 1,8 million graduates churned out of our higher institutions yearly. It was further revealed that the unemployment rate in Nigeria stood at 38 percent in 2013 with further increase expected in succeeding years. The slow rate of economic growth and undeveloped private sector, faulty manpower planning, high expectations of the fresh graduate attitude towards some types of jobs, recruitments, the quest for higher education, inadequate educational curricular, immobility of labour, the long period of initial unemployment among graduates of higher institution, use of capital intensive technology, wide rural-urban migration Conclusion: It is evident that entrepreneurship education is important for Library and Information Science students in higher institution of learning. The training of Library and Information Science students must reflect the 21st century development in the field which is influenced by the emergence of Information Technology, hence, Library and Information Science students must have computer proficiency, familiarity with metadata, database management and application, web development and design, knowledge of electronic resources and services
{"title":"Graduate Joblessness: Conviction for Entrepreneurship Studies in Library and Information Science Programme of Nigerian Tertiary Institutions","authors":"Atanda Luqman Ayanlola, Ugwulebo Jeremiah Emeka","doi":"10.47604/IJS.1210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/IJS.1210","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of the study was to understand what the Nigerian graduates are passing through, most especially graduate of library and information science programme of Nigerian tertiary institutions. \u0000Findings: The statistics of unemployed graduates in Nigeria as at 2011 showed that a disheartening figure of 42.7 million with over 1,8 million graduates churned out of our higher institutions yearly. It was further revealed that the unemployment rate in Nigeria stood at 38 percent in 2013 with further increase expected in succeeding years. The slow rate of economic growth and undeveloped private sector, faulty manpower planning, high expectations of the fresh graduate attitude towards some types of jobs, recruitments, the quest for higher education, inadequate educational curricular, immobility of labour, the long period of initial unemployment among graduates of higher institution, use of capital intensive technology, wide rural-urban migration \u0000Conclusion: It is evident that entrepreneurship education is important for Library and Information Science students in higher institution of learning. The training of Library and Information Science students must reflect the 21st century development in the field which is influenced by the emergence of Information Technology, hence, Library and Information Science students must have computer proficiency, familiarity with metadata, database management and application, web development and design, knowledge of electronic resources and services","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80959105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2020.1859262
Kevin T. Smiley, Yulin Yang
Abstract As societies become more diverse, especially with inflows of immigrants, some research finds lowered social trust as an inclusive integration eludes countries, cities, and neighborhoods. But previous research finds this diversity–trust link to be highly variable across studies and in particular across geographic scales. One under-studied scale is that of cities, even though trust is essential to facilitating intergroup contact and because cities are characterized by spatial segregation along ethnic lines. We analyze a survey of approximately 27,000 urban Europeans from 63 cities in 25 countries to assess how ethnic diversity (conceptualized as non-EU immigrants) in cities and countries affects trust of neighbors and city residents. Our multilevel model findings show that a greater percentage of non-EU immigrants in a city (but not a country) is related to less trust on both measures and that the effect size is larger for trust of city dwellers than trust of neighbors. We find that the city population, however, is a critical moderator. In more populous cities, a greater percentage of non-EU immigrants is linked to more trust, but in less populous cities more immigrants are linked to less trust. We conclude by focusing on how cities are important sites of social trust.
{"title":"Do Urban Europeans Trust Their Fellow City Dwellers? Immigration, Group Threat, and Intergroup Contact in 63 European Cities","authors":"Kevin T. Smiley, Yulin Yang","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2020.1859262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2020.1859262","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract As societies become more diverse, especially with inflows of immigrants, some research finds lowered social trust as an inclusive integration eludes countries, cities, and neighborhoods. But previous research finds this diversity–trust link to be highly variable across studies and in particular across geographic scales. One under-studied scale is that of cities, even though trust is essential to facilitating intergroup contact and because cities are characterized by spatial segregation along ethnic lines. We analyze a survey of approximately 27,000 urban Europeans from 63 cities in 25 countries to assess how ethnic diversity (conceptualized as non-EU immigrants) in cities and countries affects trust of neighbors and city residents. Our multilevel model findings show that a greater percentage of non-EU immigrants in a city (but not a country) is related to less trust on both measures and that the effect size is larger for trust of city dwellers than trust of neighbors. We find that the city population, however, is a critical moderator. In more populous cities, a greater percentage of non-EU immigrants is linked to more trust, but in less populous cities more immigrants are linked to less trust. We conclude by focusing on how cities are important sites of social trust.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":"123 1","pages":"23 - 47"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82990587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-21DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2020.1856543
Jelena Helemäe, E. Saar, Triin Lauri
Abstract The paper concentrates on the ways the interplay of parental economic, educational, and cultural resources in the intergenerational transmission of educational attainment has changed due to the marketization of post-socialist societies and educational systems. We combine two different approaches: a variable-based regression analysis and a case-based qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). The analysis is based on the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) 2011 and concentrates on Estonia. The results indicate that parental educational and cultural resources, manifested in a large home library, enhance children’s attainment of higher education. It does so not only in post-socialist Estonia but also during the socialist period despite the Soviet educational system being designed explicitly to eliminate social privilege. Comparison of cohorts who attained higher education during the mid-socialist, late-socialist, and post-socialist periods shows that for all of them common combination with high level of all considered parental resources is highly effective in securing attainment of higher education. In addition to that common effective combination of parental resources, each cohort has its own particular combination of parental resources that effectively enabled attainment of higher education. The influence of the resources that the family deploys tends to accumulate instead of being a compensation channel that conveys parental influence on education. Regression analysis and QCA are complementary: The former allows assessment of the net impact of each individual parental resource on attainment of higher education. The latter reveals the differential impact of individual resources depending of their configurations.
{"title":"How Educational, Economic, and Cultural Resources Do Matter: Cohort Differences in the Impact of Parental Resources on Educational Attainment in the Socialist and Post-Socialist Contexts","authors":"Jelena Helemäe, E. Saar, Triin Lauri","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2020.1856543","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2020.1856543","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper concentrates on the ways the interplay of parental economic, educational, and cultural resources in the intergenerational transmission of educational attainment has changed due to the marketization of post-socialist societies and educational systems. We combine two different approaches: a variable-based regression analysis and a case-based qualitative comparative analysis (QCA). The analysis is based on the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions (EU-SILC) 2011 and concentrates on Estonia. The results indicate that parental educational and cultural resources, manifested in a large home library, enhance children’s attainment of higher education. It does so not only in post-socialist Estonia but also during the socialist period despite the Soviet educational system being designed explicitly to eliminate social privilege. Comparison of cohorts who attained higher education during the mid-socialist, late-socialist, and post-socialist periods shows that for all of them common combination with high level of all considered parental resources is highly effective in securing attainment of higher education. In addition to that common effective combination of parental resources, each cohort has its own particular combination of parental resources that effectively enabled attainment of higher education. The influence of the resources that the family deploys tends to accumulate instead of being a compensation channel that conveys parental influence on education. Regression analysis and QCA are complementary: The former allows assessment of the net impact of each individual parental resource on attainment of higher education. The latter reveals the differential impact of individual resources depending of their configurations.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":"5 1","pages":"105 - 134"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88235632","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-18DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2020.1856542
Sang-hui Nam
Abstract The article focuses on the identity transformation of “the people” in the right-wing populist movement PEGIDA as a social force shaping populist discourse in Germany. The methodical approach, assuming the people as the sum of heterogeneous individuals, is criticized due to the confusion and discrepancies arising between statistical and experienced realities. Following Laclau’s theory of populism, the people in PEGIDA are marked as “tendentially empty signifier” in the tension between populism and reductionism, depending on the given situation. The article’s research question is to what extent the identity of the people in PEGIDA becomes partially open in the framework of different populist discourses. In the first part, the essay introduces Laclau’s definition of the people. In the second part, the refugee crisis in Germany, the climate crisis, and the corona crisis are presented as exemplary cases giving rise to the identity transformation of the people in PEGIDA.
{"title":"PEGIDA: Identity Formation of “The People” in Times of Crises","authors":"Sang-hui Nam","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2020.1856542","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2020.1856542","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article focuses on the identity transformation of “the people” in the right-wing populist movement PEGIDA as a social force shaping populist discourse in Germany. The methodical approach, assuming the people as the sum of heterogeneous individuals, is criticized due to the confusion and discrepancies arising between statistical and experienced realities. Following Laclau’s theory of populism, the people in PEGIDA are marked as “tendentially empty signifier” in the tension between populism and reductionism, depending on the given situation. The article’s research question is to what extent the identity of the people in PEGIDA becomes partially open in the framework of different populist discourses. In the first part, the essay introduces Laclau’s definition of the people. In the second part, the refugee crisis in Germany, the climate crisis, and the corona crisis are presented as exemplary cases giving rise to the identity transformation of the people in PEGIDA.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":"2 1","pages":"163 - 170"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73481013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-28DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2020.1835235
O. Nikolayenko
Abstract Using a unique and previously untapped dataset of telegrams sent to student hunger strikers in Soviet Ukraine, this article examines spatial dispersion of civil resistance in a repressive political regime. The study argues that national identity, compared to socioeconomic grievances, explains better the level of opposition in a multiethnic, authoritarian state. The analysis demonstrates that support for the student hunger strike, also known as the Granite Revolution, was higher in areas with a larger proportion of Ukrainian-language speakers. Additionally, the rate of telegram-sending was significantly higher in areas with a more robust presence of the reform-oriented social movement Rukh. Meanwhile, socioeconomic grievances exerted a weaker impact on the rate of telegraphing support for the pro-democracy student movement. Moreover, contrary to classic modernization theory, opposition to the communist regime is found to be lower in areas with a higher level of urbanization. The profile of senders, as well as the content of telegrams, also suggests that identity-based grievances prevailed among supporters of the Granite Revolution. The study makes an empirical contribution to contentious politics literature by exploring patterns of civil resistance and political communication in the era preceding the rise of social media.
{"title":"Mapping Support for a Revolution: Evidence from Ukraine","authors":"O. Nikolayenko","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2020.1835235","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2020.1835235","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Using a unique and previously untapped dataset of telegrams sent to student hunger strikers in Soviet Ukraine, this article examines spatial dispersion of civil resistance in a repressive political regime. The study argues that national identity, compared to socioeconomic grievances, explains better the level of opposition in a multiethnic, authoritarian state. The analysis demonstrates that support for the student hunger strike, also known as the Granite Revolution, was higher in areas with a larger proportion of Ukrainian-language speakers. Additionally, the rate of telegram-sending was significantly higher in areas with a more robust presence of the reform-oriented social movement Rukh. Meanwhile, socioeconomic grievances exerted a weaker impact on the rate of telegraphing support for the pro-democracy student movement. Moreover, contrary to classic modernization theory, opposition to the communist regime is found to be lower in areas with a higher level of urbanization. The profile of senders, as well as the content of telegrams, also suggests that identity-based grievances prevailed among supporters of the Granite Revolution. The study makes an empirical contribution to contentious politics literature by exploring patterns of civil resistance and political communication in the era preceding the rise of social media.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":"22 1","pages":"218 - 248"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86997287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-27DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2020.1837480
Mitja Hafner-Fink, S. Uhan
Abstract The article deals with research on the attitudes, reactions and behavior of the Slovenian population in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic with regard to general trust and trust in the Slovenian government. To gauge the reactions of Slovenians, we conducted an online survey among the adult population of Slovenia during the period of the pandemic and related restrictive measures. The survey was conducted on a probability sample of named individuals prepared on the basis of the Slovenian Central Population Register. The results confirm our expectations: there were no significant correlations between general trust in people and adherence to preventive measures. However, we found statistically significant correlations between trust in government and all aspects of compliance with measures to limit the COVID-19 pandemic. Those with stronger trust in the government followed the measures and reported less difficulty in complying with them. The results also suggest the relevance of Sztompka's thesis on functional substitutes for trust in a situation where trust is lacking.
{"title":"Life and Attitudes of Slovenians during the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Problem of Trust","authors":"Mitja Hafner-Fink, S. Uhan","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2020.1837480","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2020.1837480","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The article deals with research on the attitudes, reactions and behavior of the Slovenian population in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic with regard to general trust and trust in the Slovenian government. To gauge the reactions of Slovenians, we conducted an online survey among the adult population of Slovenia during the period of the pandemic and related restrictive measures. The survey was conducted on a probability sample of named individuals prepared on the basis of the Slovenian Central Population Register. The results confirm our expectations: there were no significant correlations between general trust in people and adherence to preventive measures. However, we found statistically significant correlations between trust in government and all aspects of compliance with measures to limit the COVID-19 pandemic. Those with stronger trust in the government followed the measures and reported less difficulty in complying with them. The results also suggest the relevance of Sztompka's thesis on functional substitutes for trust in a situation where trust is lacking.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":"20 1","pages":"76 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91126140","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-19DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2020.1832346
C. Meraviglia, Aurore Dudka
Abstract This study examines whether and how the lockdown due to the Covid-19 epidemic affected the division of household activities between partners in a sample of dual-earner heterosexual couples in Italy. Although women have been more and more present on the labor market, inequality in household activities remains high, with Italian women doing 86,4% of house chores and childcare tasks. Past research sought an explanation without reaching consensus, notwithstanding the effort to disentangle three main factors: availability of time, availability of resources, or gender roles. The Covid-19 crisis, which forced many couples to stay at home for at least one month and a half, allows assessing the weight of these different factors in the division of household activities. We conducted an online survey, which one partner per couple has been asked to answer (N = 934 cases, 613 of which are workers of the University of Milan). Our results show that the division of household and care activities remains highly gendered for the more unpleasant tasks, while some others, such as cooking, are less gender sensitive. Women have still a greater burden of house chores and childcare, no matter whether they had their income or suffered some loss, and no matter whether they or their partner worked at home or the workplace. Therefore, we conclude that the lockdown provoked by Covid-19 has shown that gender, intended as a social construction, is still a determinant that explains the inequality in household activities. This result is even more important because the Covid-19 related restrictions might in the future impact women’s careers, already hindered by many factors in the Italian labor market, by assigning them an overload of domestic tasks, especially childcare tasks, such as homeschooling, which will partly continue in the coming months.
{"title":"The gendered division of unpaid labor during the Covid-19 crisis: did anything change? Evidence from Italy","authors":"C. Meraviglia, Aurore Dudka","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2020.1832346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2020.1832346","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study examines whether and how the lockdown due to the Covid-19 epidemic affected the division of household activities between partners in a sample of dual-earner heterosexual couples in Italy. Although women have been more and more present on the labor market, inequality in household activities remains high, with Italian women doing 86,4% of house chores and childcare tasks. Past research sought an explanation without reaching consensus, notwithstanding the effort to disentangle three main factors: availability of time, availability of resources, or gender roles. The Covid-19 crisis, which forced many couples to stay at home for at least one month and a half, allows assessing the weight of these different factors in the division of household activities. We conducted an online survey, which one partner per couple has been asked to answer (N = 934 cases, 613 of which are workers of the University of Milan). Our results show that the division of household and care activities remains highly gendered for the more unpleasant tasks, while some others, such as cooking, are less gender sensitive. Women have still a greater burden of house chores and childcare, no matter whether they had their income or suffered some loss, and no matter whether they or their partner worked at home or the workplace. Therefore, we conclude that the lockdown provoked by Covid-19 has shown that gender, intended as a social construction, is still a determinant that explains the inequality in household activities. This result is even more important because the Covid-19 related restrictions might in the future impact women’s careers, already hindered by many factors in the Italian labor market, by assigning them an overload of domestic tasks, especially childcare tasks, such as homeschooling, which will partly continue in the coming months.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":"1 1","pages":"64 - 75"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90041260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-30DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2020.1826106
J. Struwig, B. Roberts, S. Gordon
Abstract The quarter century following the historic 1994 elections in South Africa and the establishment of a democratic dispensation was a period of transformative change. During this time, nation-building efforts were undertaken as a means of promoting redress, overcoming the country’s colonial, segregationist and apartheid past, and challenging traditions of racialised citizenship. Progressive legislation was adopted that challenged traditional apartheid-based norms and laid the foundation for a fairer society based on the principles of “ubuntu”, encouraging a sense of community-oriented reciprocity. However, the policy choices made by the post-apartheid state have not translated into economic opportunities for millions of South Africans. Poverty, unemployment and inequality persist as pressing societal concerns, which has fostered widespread disenchantment and forced many to depend on survivalist strategies. This has created barriers to the attainment of a more caring society. The COVID-19 pandemic has deeply affected South African society, with a hard national lockdown triggering untold suffering and what promises to be one of the worst economic recessions. This article uses historical and current data to draw inferences about the likely impact of COVID-19 on South Africa. It considers whether the country’s post-pandemic society will be characterized by a rise in materialistic values or alternatively new demands for a more humane society.
{"title":"‘Dark Cloud with a Silver Lining’? The Prospect of a Rise in Material Values or a Post-Material Turn in Post-Pandemic South Africa","authors":"J. Struwig, B. Roberts, S. Gordon","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2020.1826106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2020.1826106","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The quarter century following the historic 1994 elections in South Africa and the establishment of a democratic dispensation was a period of transformative change. During this time, nation-building efforts were undertaken as a means of promoting redress, overcoming the country’s colonial, segregationist and apartheid past, and challenging traditions of racialised citizenship. Progressive legislation was adopted that challenged traditional apartheid-based norms and laid the foundation for a fairer society based on the principles of “ubuntu”, encouraging a sense of community-oriented reciprocity. However, the policy choices made by the post-apartheid state have not translated into economic opportunities for millions of South Africans. Poverty, unemployment and inequality persist as pressing societal concerns, which has fostered widespread disenchantment and forced many to depend on survivalist strategies. This has created barriers to the attainment of a more caring society. The COVID-19 pandemic has deeply affected South African society, with a hard national lockdown triggering untold suffering and what promises to be one of the worst economic recessions. This article uses historical and current data to draw inferences about the likely impact of COVID-19 on South Africa. It considers whether the country’s post-pandemic society will be characterized by a rise in materialistic values or alternatively new demands for a more humane society.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":"1 1","pages":"48 - 63"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90597395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-18DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2020.1808320
M. Schweighart, S. Schwarzinger, D. N. Bird
Abstract Most studies that focus on heating-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions do so with either a focus on technical aspects or a focus on heating-related attitudes and behavior. Either way, they assign little attention to the influence of sociodemographic factors. However, if an integrated understanding of the sociological factors behind heating-related GHG emissions is to be developed, the interrelationship of sociologically relevant predictors, emission-relevant technological parameters, and impact indicators must be assessed. In this study, we analyzed the impact of sociodemographic variables and of the intention to use energy sustainably on technological dwelling characteristics and heating-related GHG emissions by applying linear and logistic regression models on data of 604 Austrian households. Our analyses show that not only the household size but also the composition (the specific numbers of adults and children living together) affect the emissions. We found not only that sociodemographic variables explain a considerable proportion of the variance in the available living space but also that there are relationships among occupants’ sociodemographic data, their intentions, and technical characteristics of the dwellings in which they live.
{"title":"Estimating Heating-Related GHG Emissions: The Advantage of a Household Composition-Based Survey Approach","authors":"M. Schweighart, S. Schwarzinger, D. N. Bird","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2020.1808320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2020.1808320","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Most studies that focus on heating-related greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions do so with either a focus on technical aspects or a focus on heating-related attitudes and behavior. Either way, they assign little attention to the influence of sociodemographic factors. However, if an integrated understanding of the sociological factors behind heating-related GHG emissions is to be developed, the interrelationship of sociologically relevant predictors, emission-relevant technological parameters, and impact indicators must be assessed. In this study, we analyzed the impact of sociodemographic variables and of the intention to use energy sustainably on technological dwelling characteristics and heating-related GHG emissions by applying linear and logistic regression models on data of 604 Austrian households. Our analyses show that not only the household size but also the composition (the specific numbers of adults and children living together) affect the emissions. We found not only that sociodemographic variables explain a considerable proportion of the variance in the available living space but also that there are relationships among occupants’ sociodemographic data, their intentions, and technical characteristics of the dwellings in which they live.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":"23 1","pages":"473 - 494"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80834236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-08DOI: 10.1080/00207659.2020.1812259
H. Rademacher
Abstract The 1980s and 1990s marked an explosive historical period in both the advancement of transnational social movement organizations and changes in the institutional structures of nation states. As a new set of global norms and values emerged, independent campaigns (women’s rights, human rights, and development) began to overlap and intersect. However, scholars, activists, and policy makers often view transnational social movement organizations as issue-specific and isolated from one another. Consequently, few empirical studies explore whether either transnational organizations in general or specific types of transnational organizations affect world cultural policy. Additionally, only a small body of literature questions variation in these relationships among developed and developing nations. One place where organizations worked both independently and jointly was in the global movement to establish national bureaucracies for gender mainstreaming. Yet, despite its global popularity, mainstreaming played out as a different process in developed and developing nations. This paper examines the relationship between national gender policy, rights-based organizing, and economic development. It asks how these forces each impacted the likelihood of the establishment of national bureaucracies for gender mainstreaming during the 1980s and 1990s. Results illustrate the power of transnational social movement organizations broadly in the advancement of gender policy among nations of both the developed and developing world as well as the unique role of democracy, intergovernmental organizations, and foreign aid in understanding the variation in the experiences of developed verses developing nations.
{"title":"Transnational social movement organizations and gender mainstreaming bureaucracies: an event history analysis, 1981-1998","authors":"H. Rademacher","doi":"10.1080/00207659.2020.1812259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00207659.2020.1812259","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The 1980s and 1990s marked an explosive historical period in both the advancement of transnational social movement organizations and changes in the institutional structures of nation states. As a new set of global norms and values emerged, independent campaigns (women’s rights, human rights, and development) began to overlap and intersect. However, scholars, activists, and policy makers often view transnational social movement organizations as issue-specific and isolated from one another. Consequently, few empirical studies explore whether either transnational organizations in general or specific types of transnational organizations affect world cultural policy. Additionally, only a small body of literature questions variation in these relationships among developed and developing nations. One place where organizations worked both independently and jointly was in the global movement to establish national bureaucracies for gender mainstreaming. Yet, despite its global popularity, mainstreaming played out as a different process in developed and developing nations. This paper examines the relationship between national gender policy, rights-based organizing, and economic development. It asks how these forces each impacted the likelihood of the establishment of national bureaucracies for gender mainstreaming during the 1980s and 1990s. Results illustrate the power of transnational social movement organizations broadly in the advancement of gender policy among nations of both the developed and developing world as well as the unique role of democracy, intergovernmental organizations, and foreign aid in understanding the variation in the experiences of developed verses developing nations.","PeriodicalId":45362,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Sociology","volume":"10 1","pages":"445 - 472"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77626354","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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