Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a non-essential amino acid mainly obtained through diet in humans. Despite the lack of research on the health effects of taurine in animals and humans, it is widely used as a dietary supplement. Evidence from human and animal studies indicates that taurine is involved in conjugation of bile acids and regulation of blood pressure and has anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesogenic properties. Taurine can benefit both human and non-human animal health in multiple ways. However, few interventional and epidemiological studies regarding the beneficial impacts of taurine in humans and other animals have been conducted. Here, we review the evidence from animal and human studies showing that taurine protects against dyslipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus.
{"title":"Beneficial Effects of Taurine on Metabolic Parameters in Animals and Humans","authors":"Minkyung Bae, Kainat Ahmed, J. Yim","doi":"10.7570/jomes21088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes21088","url":null,"abstract":"Taurine (2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) is a non-essential amino acid mainly obtained through diet in humans. Despite the lack of research on the health effects of taurine in animals and humans, it is widely used as a dietary supplement. Evidence from human and animal studies indicates that taurine is involved in conjugation of bile acids and regulation of blood pressure and has anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesogenic properties. Taurine can benefit both human and non-human animal health in multiple ways. However, few interventional and epidemiological studies regarding the beneficial impacts of taurine in humans and other animals have been conducted. Here, we review the evidence from animal and human studies showing that taurine protects against dyslipidemia, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus.","PeriodicalId":45386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"31 1","pages":"134 - 146"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48616626","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jong Han Choi, Y. Cho, Hyun-Jin Kim, S. Ko, S. Chon, J. Kang, Kyoung-Kon Kim, Eun Mi Kim, Hyun Jung Kim, K. Song, G. Nam, K. Kim
Carbohydrate-restricted diets and intermittent fasting (IF) have been rapidly gaining interest among the general population and patients with cardiometabolic disease, such as overweight or obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. However, there are limited expert recommendations for these dietary regimens. This study aimed to evaluate the level of scientific evidence on the benefits and harms of carbohydrate-restricted diets and IF to make responsible recommendations. A meta-analysis and systematic literature review of 66 articles on 50 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of carbohydrate-restricted diets and 10 articles on eight RCTs of IF was performed. Based on the analysis, the following recommendations are suggested. In adults with overweight or obesity, a moderately-low carbohydrate or low carbohydrate diet (mLCD) can be considered as a dietary regimen for weight reduction. In adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, mLCD can be considered as a dietary regimen for improving glycemic control and reducing body weight. In contrast, a very-low carbohydrate diet (VLCD) and IF are recommended against in patients with diabetes. Furthermore, no recommendations are suggested for VLCD and IF in adults with overweight or obesity, and carbohydrate-restricted diets and IF in patients with hypertension. Here, we describe the results of our analysis and the evidence for these recommendations.
{"title":"Effect of Carbohydrate-Restricted Diets and Intermittent Fasting on Obesity, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Hypertension Management: Consensus Statement of the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity, Korean Diabetes Association, and Korean Society of Hypertension","authors":"Jong Han Choi, Y. Cho, Hyun-Jin Kim, S. Ko, S. Chon, J. Kang, Kyoung-Kon Kim, Eun Mi Kim, Hyun Jung Kim, K. Song, G. Nam, K. Kim","doi":"10.7570/jomes22009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes22009","url":null,"abstract":"Carbohydrate-restricted diets and intermittent fasting (IF) have been rapidly gaining interest among the general population and patients with cardiometabolic disease, such as overweight or obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. However, there are limited expert recommendations for these dietary regimens. This study aimed to evaluate the level of scientific evidence on the benefits and harms of carbohydrate-restricted diets and IF to make responsible recommendations. A meta-analysis and systematic literature review of 66 articles on 50 randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of carbohydrate-restricted diets and 10 articles on eight RCTs of IF was performed. Based on the analysis, the following recommendations are suggested. In adults with overweight or obesity, a moderately-low carbohydrate or low carbohydrate diet (mLCD) can be considered as a dietary regimen for weight reduction. In adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus, mLCD can be considered as a dietary regimen for improving glycemic control and reducing body weight. In contrast, a very-low carbohydrate diet (VLCD) and IF are recommended against in patients with diabetes. Furthermore, no recommendations are suggested for VLCD and IF in adults with overweight or obesity, and carbohydrate-restricted diets and IF in patients with hypertension. Here, we describe the results of our analysis and the evidence for these recommendations.","PeriodicalId":45386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"31 1","pages":"100 - 122"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2022-06-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42841720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has long been regarded as an incurable and chronic disease according to conventional management methods. Clinical and pathophysiological studies on the natural course of T2D have shown that blood glucose control worsens with an increase in the number of required anti-hyperglycemic agents, as β-cell function progressively declines over time. However, recent studies have shown remission of T2D after metabolic surgery, intensive lifestyle modification, or medications, raising the possibility that β-cell function may be preserved or the decline in β-cell function may even be reversible. The World Health Organization as well as the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes recognize remission as an appropriate management aim. In the light of the state of evidence for T2D reversal, physicians need to be educated on treatment options to achieve T2D remission so that they can actively play a part in counseling patients who may wish to explore these approaches to their disease. This review will introduce each of these approaches, summarizing their beneficial effects, supporting evidence, degree of sustainability, and challenges to be addressed in the future.
{"title":"Type 2 Diabetes Remission with Significant Weight Loss: Definition and Evidence-Based Interventions","authors":"J. Ko, Tae Nyun Kim","doi":"10.7570/jomes22001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes22001","url":null,"abstract":"Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has long been regarded as an incurable and chronic disease according to conventional management methods. Clinical and pathophysiological studies on the natural course of T2D have shown that blood glucose control worsens with an increase in the number of required anti-hyperglycemic agents, as β-cell function progressively declines over time. However, recent studies have shown remission of T2D after metabolic surgery, intensive lifestyle modification, or medications, raising the possibility that β-cell function may be preserved or the decline in β-cell function may even be reversible. The World Health Organization as well as the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes recognize remission as an appropriate management aim. In the light of the state of evidence for T2D reversal, physicians need to be educated on treatment options to achieve T2D remission so that they can actively play a part in counseling patients who may wish to explore these approaches to their disease. This review will introduce each of these approaches, summarizing their beneficial effects, supporting evidence, degree of sustainability, and challenges to be addressed in the future.","PeriodicalId":45386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"31 1","pages":"123 - 133"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41393661","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background We investigated the association between changes in physical activity and the risk of a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) in people with newly diagnosed diabetes. Methods Using a nationwide database, we identified 8,596 people with newly diagnosed diabetes who underwent national health examinations within a year before and after a diabetes diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards models, hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for MACE risks were calculated according to changes in physical activity before and after a diagnosis of diabetes. Results During a median follow-up of 2.3 years, study participants who engaged in sustained physical activity after a diagnosis of diabetes had a 34% lower MACE risk compared to those with sustained inactivity (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.44–0.98). An advantage was observed in those with a history of cardiovascular disease, although this was of borderline statistical significance (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.40–1.01; P=0.054). In people considered obese, physical activity was significantly associated with a decreased risk of a MACE, regardless of the period preceding and following the diabetes diagnosis. Those who became inactive to active had the lowest risk of a MACE (HR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.18–0.79). Conclusion Maintaining active physical activity before and after a diagnosis of diabetes is essential to preventing cardiovascular disease. Early intervention strategies are necessary to promote physical activity and exercise routines after a diagnosis of diabetes in people with obesity and those with pre-existing cardiovascular disease.
{"title":"Maintaining Physical Activity Is Associated with Reduced Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in People Newly Diagnosed with Diabetes","authors":"D. Kim, Jaehun Seo, K. Ha, D. Kim","doi":"10.7570/jomes22007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes22007","url":null,"abstract":"Background We investigated the association between changes in physical activity and the risk of a major adverse cardiovascular event (MACE) in people with newly diagnosed diabetes. Methods Using a nationwide database, we identified 8,596 people with newly diagnosed diabetes who underwent national health examinations within a year before and after a diabetes diagnosis. Cox proportional hazards models, hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for MACE risks were calculated according to changes in physical activity before and after a diagnosis of diabetes. Results During a median follow-up of 2.3 years, study participants who engaged in sustained physical activity after a diagnosis of diabetes had a 34% lower MACE risk compared to those with sustained inactivity (HR, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.44–0.98). An advantage was observed in those with a history of cardiovascular disease, although this was of borderline statistical significance (HR, 0.63; 95% CI, 0.40–1.01; P=0.054). In people considered obese, physical activity was significantly associated with a decreased risk of a MACE, regardless of the period preceding and following the diabetes diagnosis. Those who became inactive to active had the lowest risk of a MACE (HR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.18–0.79). Conclusion Maintaining active physical activity before and after a diagnosis of diabetes is essential to preventing cardiovascular disease. Early intervention strategies are necessary to promote physical activity and exercise routines after a diagnosis of diabetes in people with obesity and those with pre-existing cardiovascular disease.","PeriodicalId":45386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"31 1","pages":"187 - 195"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2022-05-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46025041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Journal of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (JOMES) is the official journal of the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity (KSSO) and is a peer-reviewed research journal that presents relevant academic research and the newest medical information in the field of obesity. JOMES was launched in 1992, with the foundation of the KSSO and diverse studies on obesity published under the title Journal of the KSSO until 2004. Since its publication in full English in 2017, JOMES was rapidly registered in numerous databases, that is, in PubMed Central in 2018, in Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) and in Scopus in 2019. In addition, JOMES is indexed in KoreaMed, Science Central, EBSCO, DOAJ, and Google Scholar. The increase in the number of citations of JOMES within Web of Science is astonishing, and the world is reading and citing JOMES. In this review, I'd like to review the current status of JOMES and share the rapid development of JOMES with readers and potential authors of JOMES.
《肥胖与代谢综合征杂志》（Journal of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome，JOMES）是韩国肥胖研究会（Korean Society for the Study of Obesign，KSSO）的官方期刊，也是一本经过同行评审的研究期刊，介绍肥胖领域的相关学术研究和最新医学信息。JOMES成立于1992年，是KSSO的基础，并在2004年之前以《KSSO杂志》的标题发表了关于肥胖的各种研究。自2017年以全英文出版以来，JOMES迅速在众多数据库中注册，即2018年在PubMed Central、新兴来源引文索引（ESCI）和2019年在Scopus。此外，JOMES在KoreaMed、Science Central、EBSCO、DOAJ和Google Scholar上都有索引。科学网络中引用JOMES的次数的增加令人震惊，全世界都在阅读和引用JOMES。在这篇综述中，我想回顾一下JOMES的现状，并与JOMES的读者和潜在作者分享JOMES的快速发展。
{"title":"A Report of <i>Journal of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome</i> in the Last 3 Years of Upheaval.","authors":"Eun-Jung Rhee","doi":"10.7570/jomes22020","DOIUrl":"10.7570/jomes22020","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Journal of Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome</i> (JOMES) is the official journal of the Korean Society for the Study of Obesity (KSSO) and is a peer-reviewed research journal that presents relevant academic research and the newest medical information in the field of obesity. JOMES was launched in 1992, with the foundation of the KSSO and diverse studies on obesity published under the title Journal of the KSSO until 2004. Since its publication in full English in 2017, JOMES was rapidly registered in numerous databases, that is, in PubMed Central in 2018, in Emerging Sources Citation Index (ESCI) and in Scopus in 2019. In addition, JOMES is indexed in KoreaMed, Science Central, EBSCO, DOAJ, and Google Scholar. The increase in the number of citations of JOMES within Web of Science is astonishing, and the world is reading and citing JOMES. In this review, I'd like to review the current status of JOMES and share the rapid development of JOMES with readers and potential authors of JOMES.</p>","PeriodicalId":45386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"31 1","pages":"4-8"},"PeriodicalIF":4.7,"publicationDate":"2022-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8987455/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49085461","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
H. Moon, Han-Kyeom Kim, Bohye Kim, Min-Seon Kim, Jae Hyun Kim, Obin Kwon
Background We aimed to build mouse models of small for gestational age (SGA), recapitulating failure of catch-up growth and dysregulated metabolic outcomes in adulthood. Methods Pregnant C57BL/6 mice were given a protein-restricted diet (PRD; 6% kcal from protein) during pregnancy without (model 1) or with cross-fostering (model 2). Model 3 extended the PRD to the end of the lactation period. Model 4 changed to a 9% PRD without cross-fostering. Results Model 1 yielded a reduced size of offspring with a poor survival rate. Model 2 improved survival but offspring showed early catch-up growth. Model 3 maintained a reduced size of offspring after weaning with a higher body mass index and blood glucose levels in adult stages. Model 4 increased the survival of the offspring while maintaining a reduced size and dysregulated glucose metabolism. Conclusion Models 3 and 4 are suitable for studying SGA accompanying adulthood short stature and metabolic disorders.
{"title":"Mouse Model of Small for Gestational Age Offspring with Catch-up Growth Failure and Dysregulated Glucose Metabolism in Adulthood","authors":"H. Moon, Han-Kyeom Kim, Bohye Kim, Min-Seon Kim, Jae Hyun Kim, Obin Kwon","doi":"10.7570/jomes22013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes22013","url":null,"abstract":"Background We aimed to build mouse models of small for gestational age (SGA), recapitulating failure of catch-up growth and dysregulated metabolic outcomes in adulthood. Methods Pregnant C57BL/6 mice were given a protein-restricted diet (PRD; 6% kcal from protein) during pregnancy without (model 1) or with cross-fostering (model 2). Model 3 extended the PRD to the end of the lactation period. Model 4 changed to a 9% PRD without cross-fostering. Results Model 1 yielded a reduced size of offspring with a poor survival rate. Model 2 improved survival but offspring showed early catch-up growth. Model 3 maintained a reduced size of offspring after weaning with a higher body mass index and blood glucose levels in adult stages. Model 4 increased the survival of the offspring while maintaining a reduced size and dysregulated glucose metabolism. Conclusion Models 3 and 4 are suitable for studying SGA accompanying adulthood short stature and metabolic disorders.","PeriodicalId":45386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"31 1","pages":"81 - 85"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48832448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background We investigated whether eating behavior modification improves metabolic syndrome (MetS)-related risks in overweight/obese Korean adults, and identified dietary factors that improve metabolic status. Methods Among 159 volunteers, 71 with a body mass index ≥23 kg/m2 and without other chronic diseases participated in the 8-week intervention, among which 54 participants who completed the intervention were included in the analyses. At baseline, patients were categorized either metabolically healthy obese (MHO; <3 MetS risk factors, n=42) or metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO; ≥3 MetS risk factors, n=12), and then educated regarding how to choose healthy foods and meals. Results Lipid profiles and anthropometric and glycemic parameters were significantly improved among all participants after the intervention. Changes in waist circumference (P=0.025), and glycemic parameters (glucose, P=0.046, insulin, P=0.005, C-peptide, P=0.041) were positively correlated with changes in calorie intake from snacks. Changes in visceral fat area were negatively correlated with changes in total calorie intake (P=0.046), and positively correlated with those in calorie intake from dietary fats (P=0.039). In addition, changes in insulin (P=0.013) and C-peptide (P=0.008) concentrations were negatively correlated with changes in dietary fiber intake at dinner. After the intervention, 83.3% of initially MUHO participants became MHO and 16.7% of MHO participants became MUHO. Conclusion Eating behavior modification may be an important strategy to improve metabolic factors in overweight/obese people.
{"title":"Short-term Effects of Eating Behavior Modification on Metabolic Syndrome-Related Risks in Overweight and Obese Korean Adults","authors":"Hyunyoung Kim, Eunju Yoon, O. Kim, Eun Mi Kim","doi":"10.7570/jomes21074","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes21074","url":null,"abstract":"Background We investigated whether eating behavior modification improves metabolic syndrome (MetS)-related risks in overweight/obese Korean adults, and identified dietary factors that improve metabolic status. Methods Among 159 volunteers, 71 with a body mass index ≥23 kg/m2 and without other chronic diseases participated in the 8-week intervention, among which 54 participants who completed the intervention were included in the analyses. At baseline, patients were categorized either metabolically healthy obese (MHO; <3 MetS risk factors, n=42) or metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO; ≥3 MetS risk factors, n=12), and then educated regarding how to choose healthy foods and meals. Results Lipid profiles and anthropometric and glycemic parameters were significantly improved among all participants after the intervention. Changes in waist circumference (P=0.025), and glycemic parameters (glucose, P=0.046, insulin, P=0.005, C-peptide, P=0.041) were positively correlated with changes in calorie intake from snacks. Changes in visceral fat area were negatively correlated with changes in total calorie intake (P=0.046), and positively correlated with those in calorie intake from dietary fats (P=0.039). In addition, changes in insulin (P=0.013) and C-peptide (P=0.008) concentrations were negatively correlated with changes in dietary fiber intake at dinner. After the intervention, 83.3% of initially MUHO participants became MHO and 16.7% of MHO participants became MUHO. Conclusion Eating behavior modification may be an important strategy to improve metabolic factors in overweight/obese people.","PeriodicalId":45386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"31 1","pages":"70 - 80"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44784329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J Obes Metab Syndr 2022;31:88-90 While there is a growing body of evidence regarding the metabolic, physiological, or functional benefits of multi-disciplinary weight loss interventions in adolescents who are overweight and obese, their effects on mental health, well-being, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and perceived physical-fitness and health remain less explored. Our research group recently tried to better understand these potential psycho-physiological responses to multi-disciplinary weight loss programs by considering different modalities of exercise interventions in obese adolescents.1 In particular, we recently reported in Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome, that a 4-month multi-disciplinary intervention incorporating high-intensity interval training improved HRQOL and perception of health and physical fitness in obese adolescents, and that most of these improvements were associated with degree of weight loss.2 In an Letter to the Editor, Choi3, while pointing out the quality and relevance of our work and its results, also stressed the necessity to fully consider the nature of the psychological support received by the adolescents, as well as the potential implication of their initial motivation when engaging in such interventions. We would like to thank Choi3 for raising these important points, giving us the opportunity to complete our initial publication, and to initiate what we believe are necessary discussions regarding the role and implications of adolescent (and overall patients) motivation and engagement in clinical interventions. First, the psychological intervention the adolescents received a monthly 90-minute session of psychological support through individual consultations with a professional. Sessions focused on selfesteem and emotional, social, and familial relationships and issues. As suggested by Choi3, psychological sessions can focus on motivation of patients to engage in the intervention efforts and to lose weight, which will impact their engagement with the program and affect the success of the intervention. However, our sessions mainly focused on coping with social and emotional difficulties that often accompany pediatric obesity. In his paper, Choi3 describes the importance of considering patient motivation, adherence, and engagement for intervention success. We agree and would like to take advantage of this opportunity to explore these concepts and clarify their potential implication for success of behavioral and clinical programs. Second, it seems important to clarify that our initial published
{"title":"Response: In Situ Mobilization of Patients with Obesity as a Key Determinant of Weight Loss Interventions (J Obes Metab Syndr 2020;29:292-302)","authors":"D. Thivel, Géraldine Rix-Lièvre, Michel Récopé","doi":"10.7570/jomes22006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes22006","url":null,"abstract":"J Obes Metab Syndr 2022;31:88-90 While there is a growing body of evidence regarding the metabolic, physiological, or functional benefits of multi-disciplinary weight loss interventions in adolescents who are overweight and obese, their effects on mental health, well-being, health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and perceived physical-fitness and health remain less explored. Our research group recently tried to better understand these potential psycho-physiological responses to multi-disciplinary weight loss programs by considering different modalities of exercise interventions in obese adolescents.1 In particular, we recently reported in Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome, that a 4-month multi-disciplinary intervention incorporating high-intensity interval training improved HRQOL and perception of health and physical fitness in obese adolescents, and that most of these improvements were associated with degree of weight loss.2 In an Letter to the Editor, Choi3, while pointing out the quality and relevance of our work and its results, also stressed the necessity to fully consider the nature of the psychological support received by the adolescents, as well as the potential implication of their initial motivation when engaging in such interventions. We would like to thank Choi3 for raising these important points, giving us the opportunity to complete our initial publication, and to initiate what we believe are necessary discussions regarding the role and implications of adolescent (and overall patients) motivation and engagement in clinical interventions. First, the psychological intervention the adolescents received a monthly 90-minute session of psychological support through individual consultations with a professional. Sessions focused on selfesteem and emotional, social, and familial relationships and issues. As suggested by Choi3, psychological sessions can focus on motivation of patients to engage in the intervention efforts and to lose weight, which will impact their engagement with the program and affect the success of the intervention. However, our sessions mainly focused on coping with social and emotional difficulties that often accompany pediatric obesity. In his paper, Choi3 describes the importance of considering patient motivation, adherence, and engagement for intervention success. We agree and would like to take advantage of this opportunity to explore these concepts and clarify their potential implication for success of behavioral and clinical programs. Second, it seems important to clarify that our initial published","PeriodicalId":45386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"31 1","pages":"88 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44026490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
V. Gangireddy, Courtney S. Pilkerton, Jun Xiang, Ruben Tinajero, A. Ashcraft
Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of factors associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease and overall mortality. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disorder that has been shown to cause hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. The relationship between NAFLD and MetS appears to be bidirectional, but very few studies have examined the role of MetS in hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. The present study investigated the relationships between MetS and its components and the severity of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis, and fibrosis independent of steatosis. Methods The study was a cross-sectional population-based survey of 4,678 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants from 2017 to 2018 in the United States. Hepatic fibrosis and steatosis were measured using liver elastography. The MetS components were assessed using demographic, examination, laboratory, and self-reported data. Results Using survey-weighted population estimates, 26% of the population had steatosis, 7.5% had fibrosis, and 3.3% had fibrosis without steatosis. The adjusted odds ratio for any level of steatosis was 4.12 times higher (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.16–5.37) and any level of fibrosis was 3.34 times higher (95% CI, 2.26–4.94) among participants with MetS than those without. The adjusted odds ratio for fibrosis without steatosis is 2.67 times higher (95% CI, 1.47–4.87) among participants with MetS than those without. Conclusion The presence of MetS significantly increases the risk of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis, providing evidence for MetS to be considered an additional independent risk factor for hepatic fibrosis together with other known etiologies.
{"title":"Hepatic Fibrosis and Steatosis in Metabolic Syndrome","authors":"V. Gangireddy, Courtney S. Pilkerton, Jun Xiang, Ruben Tinajero, A. Ashcraft","doi":"10.7570/jomes21062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes21062","url":null,"abstract":"Background Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a group of factors associated with increased risks of cardiovascular disease and overall mortality. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a common disorder that has been shown to cause hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. The relationship between NAFLD and MetS appears to be bidirectional, but very few studies have examined the role of MetS in hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. The present study investigated the relationships between MetS and its components and the severity of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis, and fibrosis independent of steatosis. Methods The study was a cross-sectional population-based survey of 4,678 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey participants from 2017 to 2018 in the United States. Hepatic fibrosis and steatosis were measured using liver elastography. The MetS components were assessed using demographic, examination, laboratory, and self-reported data. Results Using survey-weighted population estimates, 26% of the population had steatosis, 7.5% had fibrosis, and 3.3% had fibrosis without steatosis. The adjusted odds ratio for any level of steatosis was 4.12 times higher (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.16–5.37) and any level of fibrosis was 3.34 times higher (95% CI, 2.26–4.94) among participants with MetS than those without. The adjusted odds ratio for fibrosis without steatosis is 2.67 times higher (95% CI, 1.47–4.87) among participants with MetS than those without. Conclusion The presence of MetS significantly increases the risk of hepatic fibrosis and steatosis, providing evidence for MetS to be considered an additional independent risk factor for hepatic fibrosis together with other known etiologies.","PeriodicalId":45386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"31 1","pages":"61 - 69"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41924660","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Benjamin M. Meister, Soon-Gook Hong, Junchul Shin, Meghan E. Rath, Jacqueline Sayoc, Joon-Young Park
Although the hallmark of obesity is the expansion of adipose tissue, not all adipose tissue expansion is the same. Expansion of healthy adipose tissue is accompanied by adequate capillary angiogenesis and mitochondria-centered metabolic integrity, whereas expansion of unhealthy adipose tissue is associated with capillary and mitochondrial derangement, resulting in deposition of immune cells (M1-stage macrophages) and excess production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Accumulation of these dysfunctional adipose tissues has been linked to the development of obesity comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease, which are leading causes of human mortality and morbidity in modern society. Mechanistically, vascular rarefaction and mitochondrial incompetency (for example, low mitochondrial content, fragmented mitochondria, defective mitochondrial respiratory function, and excess production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species) are frequently observed in adipose tissue of obese patients. Recent studies have demonstrated that exercise is a potent behavioral intervention for preventing and reducing obesity and other metabolic diseases. However, our understanding of potential cellular mechanisms of exercise, which promote healthy adipose tissue expansion, is at the beginning stage. In this review, we hypothesize that exercise can induce unique physiological stimuli that can alter angiogenesis and mitochondrial remodeling in adipose tissues and ultimately promote the development and progression of healthy adipogenesis. We summarize recent reports on how regular exercise can impose differential processes that lead to the formation of either healthy or unhealthy adipose tissue and discuss key knowledge gaps that warrant future research.
{"title":"Healthy versus Unhealthy Adipose Tissue Expansion: the Role of Exercise","authors":"Benjamin M. Meister, Soon-Gook Hong, Junchul Shin, Meghan E. Rath, Jacqueline Sayoc, Joon-Young Park","doi":"10.7570/jomes21096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7570/jomes21096","url":null,"abstract":"Although the hallmark of obesity is the expansion of adipose tissue, not all adipose tissue expansion is the same. Expansion of healthy adipose tissue is accompanied by adequate capillary angiogenesis and mitochondria-centered metabolic integrity, whereas expansion of unhealthy adipose tissue is associated with capillary and mitochondrial derangement, resulting in deposition of immune cells (M1-stage macrophages) and excess production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Accumulation of these dysfunctional adipose tissues has been linked to the development of obesity comorbidities, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular disease, which are leading causes of human mortality and morbidity in modern society. Mechanistically, vascular rarefaction and mitochondrial incompetency (for example, low mitochondrial content, fragmented mitochondria, defective mitochondrial respiratory function, and excess production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species) are frequently observed in adipose tissue of obese patients. Recent studies have demonstrated that exercise is a potent behavioral intervention for preventing and reducing obesity and other metabolic diseases. However, our understanding of potential cellular mechanisms of exercise, which promote healthy adipose tissue expansion, is at the beginning stage. In this review, we hypothesize that exercise can induce unique physiological stimuli that can alter angiogenesis and mitochondrial remodeling in adipose tissues and ultimately promote the development and progression of healthy adipogenesis. We summarize recent reports on how regular exercise can impose differential processes that lead to the formation of either healthy or unhealthy adipose tissue and discuss key knowledge gaps that warrant future research.","PeriodicalId":45386,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome","volume":"31 1","pages":"37 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":5.2,"publicationDate":"2022-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41843331","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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