Journal of Obesity & Metabolic Syndrome最新文献

Background: Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is involved in insulin resistance and diabetes. In this study, we determine the associations of GDF-15 with miR-181b-5p, miR-330-3p, mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 (SMAD7), and insulin resistance in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients.

Methods: Sixty patients, equally divided into those with T2DM and non-diabetic controls, were recruited for gene expression analysis. Protein-protein interaction (STRING), target prediction (miRNet), and functional enrichment were conducted accordingly.

Results: Our study showed that VAT and PBMCs had similar expression profiles, where GDF-15 and miR-181b-5p were upregulated, whereas SMAD7 and miR-330-3p were downregulated. Serum GDF-15 could differentiate between T2DM and non-diabetic patients (P<0.001). Target prediction revealed a microRNA (miRNA)-messenger RNA regulatory network, transcription factors, and functional enrichment for the miRNA that suggested involvement in T2DM pathogenesis.

Conclusion: VAT GDF-15 is associated with insulin resistance and is possibly regulated by miR-181b-5p, miR-330-3p, and SMAD7 in T2DM.

Background: Kidney transplant (KT) candidates and recipients with obesity experience more frequent complications such as infection, poorer allograft outcomes, diabetes, and mortality, limiting their eligibility for transplantation. Bariatric surgery (BS) is not commonly performed among KT patients given concerns about immunosuppression absorption, wound healing, infections, and graft outcomes. Its role has not been described before in an Asian KT patient setting.

Methods: A retrospective review of patients who underwent BS at the largest KT center in Singapore from 2008 to 2020 was conducted. Metabolic outcomes, immunosuppression doses, graft outcomes, and mortality were studied.

Results: Seven patients underwent BS and KT (4 underwent BS before KT, 3 underwent BS after KT; 4 underwent sleeve gastrectomy, 3 underwent gastric bypass). Mean total weight losses of 23.8% at 1 year and 18.6% at 5 years post-BS were achieved. Among the five patients with diabetes, glycemic control improved after BS. There were no deaths in the first 90 days or graft loss in the first year after KT and BS. Patients who underwent BS after KT had no significant changes in immunosuppression dose.

Conclusion: BS can be safely performed in KT recipients and candidates and results in sustainable weight losses and improvements in metabolic comorbidities. Although no major complications were observed in our study, close monitoring of this complex group of patients is imperative.

Obesity and obesity-associated morbidity continues to be a major public health issue worldwide. Dementia is also a major health concern in aging societies and its prevalence has increased rapidly. Many epidemiologic studies have shown an association between obesity and cognitive impairment, but this relationship is not as well established as other comorbidities. Conflicting results related to the age and sex of participants, and the methodology used to define obesity and dementia may account for the uncertainty in whether obesity is a modifiable risk factor for dementia. More recently, sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity have been reported to be associated with cognitive impairment. In addition, new mediators such as the muscle-myokine-brain axis and gut-microbiota-brain axis have been suggested and are attracting interest. In this review, we summarize recent evidence on the link between obesity and cognitive impairment, especially dementia. In particular, we focus on various metrics of obesity, from body mass index to sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity.

Although the rate of childhood obesity seems to have plateaued in recent years, the prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents remains high. Childhood obesity is a major public health concern as overweight and obese youth suffer from many co-morbid conditions once considered exclusive to adults. It is now well demonstrated that abdominal obesity as measured by waist circumference (WC) is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease and metabolic dysfunction in youth. Despite the strong associations between WC and cardiometabolic risk factors, there is no consensus regarding the optimal WC measurement sites to assess abdominal obesity and obesity-related health risk in children and adolescents. Currently, the WC measurement site that provides the best reflections of visceral fat and the best correlations with cardiometabolic risk factors is unclear. The purpose of this review is to explore whether WC measurement sites influence the relationships between WC, visceral fat, and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents.

Background: The prevalence of obesity has been continuously increasing, especially in rural areas of South Korea. Therefore, it is important to examine various genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors associated with obesity in these rural areas. The Korean Society for the Study of Obesity commenced a community-based prospective cohort study of the Gangwon area called the Gangwon Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome (GOMS) study to investigate longitudinal changes in the status of obesity and its related factors.

Methods: A total of 317 adults 40-69 years of age were recruited from Hongcheon and Inje districts, Gangwon province, as part of the first wave of this cohort study. Information on participants' demographic, behavioral, psychological, dietary, and environmental factors and past medical histories were collected by self-administered questionnaires and interviewer-administered questionnaires. Anthropometric measurements, blood tests, and a hand grip strength test were performed, and skin keratin and stool samples were collected. Among the 317 enrolled subjects, two participants who did not have anthropometric data were excluded from the data analyses, resulting in an inclusion of a total of 315 participants.

Results: The mean age of the 315 participants in the GOMS initial baseline survey was 58.5 years old, 87 of them were men, and the mean body mass index was 24.7±3.7 kg/m². Among all participants, 48.9% had hypertension, 21.4% had diabetes mellitus (DM), 55.6% had dyslipidemia, and 46.0% had metabolic syndrome (MS). Both the prevalence rates of DM and MS were significantly higher in men.

Conclusion: The first baseline survey of the GOMS study was initiated, and a more detailed analysis of respondents' data is expected to be continued. Further follow-up and additional recruitment will allow the investigation of risk factors and the etiology of obesity and its comorbidities in rural areas of Gangwon province.

Background: Reduced handgrip strength (HGS) is associated with adverse cardiometabolic health outcomes. We examined HGS, metabolic syndrome (MetS), and insulin resistance (IR) in children and adolescents.

Methods: The following population-based data from 2,797 participants (aged 10-18 years) of the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2014-2018 were analyzed: complete anthropometric measures, HGS, MetS, and IR (subgroup with fasting insulin, n=555). HGS was analyzed as the combined HGS (CHGS) and the normalized CHGS (nCHGS=CHGS divided by body weight).

Results: At a mean age of 14.4 years, 276 participants (9.9%) had abdominal obesity, 56 (2.0%) had MetS, and 118 (20.9%) had IR. Individual components of MetS and IR were inversely associated with the nCHGS. The odds ratios (ORs) for MetS and IR decreased significantly with higher nCHGS after adjustment for sex, age, physical activity, and sedentary times. The optimal cut-off values that predicted MetS were 0.80 kg/kg (males) and 0.71 kg/kg (females), with significant associations with MetS (OR: 7.4 in males; 5.7 in females) and IR (OR: 3.3 in males; 3.2 in females) observed when nCHGS values were lower than those cut-offs.

Conclusion: HGS is associated with MetS and IR and might be a useful indicator of cardiometabolic risk factors in children and adolescents.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness at 1 and 3 months of using a smaller rice bowl for diet therapy among Japanese men with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: A parallel-group randomized controlled trial was conducted at a medical clinic in Japan. The participants were men with type 2 diabetes mellitus, aged 20-80 years, with glycosylated hemoglobin <8.5%, and who ate rice one or more times per day at home. The intervention group (36 men) received a small rice bowl from which to eat the usual diet therapy, and the control group (38 men) received only the usual diet therapy.

Results: The changes in weight and body mass index among the intervention group at 1 month were significantly higher than those in the control group. There were no significant differences between the two groups at 3 months.

Conclusion: The effects of using a small rice bowl were minor and short-term.

Background: This study aimed to determine the associations between self-perceived weight, weight perception, and mortality risk among Korean adults.

Methods: Data from the 2007 to 2015 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the 2007 to 2019 Cause of Death Statistics were linked for this cohort study. A complex samples Cox regression analysis involving 42,453 participants (17,056 male; 25,397 female) was performed after excluding those who died within 1 year of the follow-up period, those with a history of cancer, those with cardiovascular diseases, those without body mass index (BMI) data, and those without self-perceived weight data.

Results: During 7.85 years of follow-up, the overall mortality rate was 3.8% (4.5% for male and 3.1% for female). Self-perceived thin weight status was associated with a 43% to 68% higher risk of all-cause mortality and a 2.48-times higher risk of cardiovascular mortality compared to self-perceived just right weight status after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, health-related behaviors, underlying health status, BMI, and metabolic syndrome. After adjusting for the confounding factors, those who underestimated their weight had a 27% reduced risk of all-cause mortality than those who correctly estimated their weight. The risks of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality were 2.14-times higher and 2.32-times higher, respectively, in the underweight group with an accurate weight estimation than in the normal weight group with an accurate weight estimation. However, all-cause mortality was 47% lower among participants with obesity who overestimated their weight.

Conclusion: Self-perceived thinness and accurately perceived underweight status were associated with increased risks of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality among Korean adults.