Bridges are vital for transportation systems, as their collapse can pose serious threats to modern communities' safety, well-being, and economy. Recently, specific Guidelines for the classification and risk management, safety assessment, and monitoring of existing bridges have been issued in Italy as mandatory code. The Guidelines need to be applied and tested to identify any drawbacks and highlight the main factors influencing their results. This paper proposes a reasoned application of the Guidelines in a provincial context. A representative sample of concrete structures located in the province of Parma under the management of a single entity was considered. The determination of the structural attention class allowed for considerations on some applicative difficulties of the Guidelines. Particular attention was given to the analysis of the most recurrent pathologies of the structures.
{"title":"Applicative experience of Italian Guidelines for safety and monitoring of existing bridges","authors":"Giovanni Andriulo","doi":"10.48295/et.2023.94.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48295/et.2023.94.6","url":null,"abstract":"Bridges are vital for transportation systems, as their collapse can pose serious threats to modern communities' safety, well-being, and economy. Recently, specific Guidelines for the classification and risk management, safety assessment, and monitoring of existing bridges have been issued in Italy as mandatory code. The Guidelines need to be applied and tested to identify any drawbacks and highlight the main factors influencing their results. This paper proposes a reasoned application of the Guidelines in a provincial context. A representative sample of concrete structures located in the province of Parma under the management of a single entity was considered. The determination of the structural attention class allowed for considerations on some applicative difficulties of the Guidelines. Particular attention was given to the analysis of the most recurrent pathologies of the structures.","PeriodicalId":45410,"journal":{"name":"European Transport-Trasporti Europei","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134961298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The travel time is the significant factor in evaluating efficiency and performance of public transit system. A greater percentage of travel time is accounted by bus stop delays which depends on passenger count, bus stop characteristics, traffic condition, bus performance, etc. Many of the Indian transit agencies store the passenger details stage wise not stop wise, which makes it difficult to evaluate delay variability at bus stop level. In this connection, Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) data from Intelligent Transport System (ITS) implemented at Mysore, India is considered for evaluating bus stop delay variability. The collected data is used for estimating delay at five stops by adopting trajectory-based formulation. The probability distributions have been utilized to model the variability in delay. The performance has been analysed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test. The daily variability of delay at bus stops has been evaluated using Coefficient of Variation (COV). The results of the performance evaluation of delay distributions show that the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution is the best descriptor of the delay variability in terms of accuracy, robustness, and survival capacity. In the absence of passenger data collection systems, method of evaluation of delay using AVL data presented in this study is helpful.
{"title":"Application of Public Transit AVL Data for Evaluation of Delay Variability","authors":"M. M. Harsha","doi":"10.48295/et.2023.94.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48295/et.2023.94.2","url":null,"abstract":"The travel time is the significant factor in evaluating efficiency and performance of public transit system. A greater percentage of travel time is accounted by bus stop delays which depends on passenger count, bus stop characteristics, traffic condition, bus performance, etc. Many of the Indian transit agencies store the passenger details stage wise not stop wise, which makes it difficult to evaluate delay variability at bus stop level. In this connection, Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) data from Intelligent Transport System (ITS) implemented at Mysore, India is considered for evaluating bus stop delay variability. The collected data is used for estimating delay at five stops by adopting trajectory-based formulation. The probability distributions have been utilized to model the variability in delay. The performance has been analysed using Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) test. The daily variability of delay at bus stops has been evaluated using Coefficient of Variation (COV). The results of the performance evaluation of delay distributions show that the Generalized Extreme Value (GEV) distribution is the best descriptor of the delay variability in terms of accuracy, robustness, and survival capacity. In the absence of passenger data collection systems, method of evaluation of delay using AVL data presented in this study is helpful.","PeriodicalId":45410,"journal":{"name":"European Transport-Trasporti Europei","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135429448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The application of circular economy (CE) principles in reverse logistics (RL) processes involves the recovery, recycling, reuse and remanufacturing of materials that return from the consumer to the producer. This literature review assesses whether the manufacturing sector, technology, supply chain (SC) structure, customers’ preferences, and policy makers influence the diffusion of circular RL, highlighting the strategies adopted by companies. The results show different levels of circular RL implementation in different industries. Technology is an enabler but also an obstacle, as it requires large financial resources and a skilled workforce. The involvement of all SC stakeholders proves to be a critical factor in the successful implementation of circular RL, although the likelihood of success depends significantly on producers being the initiators. Policymakers also play a key role in guiding business investment in circular RL projects. This article summarizes the literature on CE and RL on analytical dimensions rarely studied together, providing researchers, companies and public decision makers with an overview of the most critical factors influencing the management of RL within circular processes. Controversial findings, open questions, and promising lines of future research are also outlined.
{"title":"Reverse logistics and circular economy: A literature review","authors":"Marta Biancolin","doi":"10.48295/et.2023.94.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48295/et.2023.94.7","url":null,"abstract":"The application of circular economy (CE) principles in reverse logistics (RL) processes involves the recovery, recycling, reuse and remanufacturing of materials that return from the consumer to the producer. This literature review assesses whether the manufacturing sector, technology, supply chain (SC) structure, customers’ preferences, and policy makers influence the diffusion of circular RL, highlighting the strategies adopted by companies. The results show different levels of circular RL implementation in different industries. Technology is an enabler but also an obstacle, as it requires large financial resources and a skilled workforce. The involvement of all SC stakeholders proves to be a critical factor in the successful implementation of circular RL, although the likelihood of success depends significantly on producers being the initiators. Policymakers also play a key role in guiding business investment in circular RL projects. This article summarizes the literature on CE and RL on analytical dimensions rarely studied together, providing researchers, companies and public decision makers with an overview of the most critical factors influencing the management of RL within circular processes. Controversial findings, open questions, and promising lines of future research are also outlined.","PeriodicalId":45410,"journal":{"name":"European Transport-Trasporti Europei","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134962751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the past years, the Internet of Things has created tremendous changes in various industries, including transportation systems and especially railway signalling systems. One of the issues that is very important in signalling systems is the design of trains speed profiles to control the movement of trains based on the defined headway and line conditions such as other trains positions. Information packet loss is one of the issues that should be considered in the field of Internet of Things and if this issue occurs, effective solutions should be adopted in the system for optimal performance. In this article, a method for generating speed profiles for moving block signalling systems in case of packet loss is proposed and the stability of the system is checked using the proposed method. Finally, we will implement the proposed method on a part of a railway line and examine the results.
{"title":"Proposing a Train Speed Profile Generation Method in Railway Signalling Systems Based on Internet of Things (IoT): Performance and Stability Assurance","authors":"Farzaad Soleymaani","doi":"10.48295/et.2023.94.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48295/et.2023.94.1","url":null,"abstract":"In the past years, the Internet of Things has created tremendous changes in various industries, including transportation systems and especially railway signalling systems. One of the issues that is very important in signalling systems is the design of trains speed profiles to control the movement of trains based on the defined headway and line conditions such as other trains positions. Information packet loss is one of the issues that should be considered in the field of Internet of Things and if this issue occurs, effective solutions should be adopted in the system for optimal performance. In this article, a method for generating speed profiles for moving block signalling systems in case of packet loss is proposed and the stability of the system is checked using the proposed method. Finally, we will implement the proposed method on a part of a railway line and examine the results.","PeriodicalId":45410,"journal":{"name":"European Transport-Trasporti Europei","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135297983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The monetization of road crashes helps improve road safety awareness. This study focuses on the cost of Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) in Ernakulam, a South Indian city, based on the Human Capital (HC) methodology, as it is most effective to estimate the cost of RTAs in developing nations. The loss is calculated from various data sources, including in-depth accident databases (police), questionnaire surveys, private hospital records, and vehicle garage bills considering the collision types. Most of the total costs are attributed to lost productivity, followed by medical expenses, vehicle damage, and human costs. Administrative costs comprise the smallest portion (0.73%) of the overall accident costs. The total cost estimation of RTAs in Ernakulam city for the years 2018 to 2021 is in the range of INR 66,96,04,438 to INR 103,05,12,440, which represents 0.44% to 0.7% of the city’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which is a non-repairable loss to the nation.
{"title":"Human Capital Approach for road accident costing in an Indian City","authors":"Sumayya Naznin P H","doi":"10.48295/et.2023.94.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48295/et.2023.94.5","url":null,"abstract":"The monetization of road crashes helps improve road safety awareness. This study focuses on the cost of Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) in Ernakulam, a South Indian city, based on the Human Capital (HC) methodology, as it is most effective to estimate the cost of RTAs in developing nations. The loss is calculated from various data sources, including in-depth accident databases (police), questionnaire surveys, private hospital records, and vehicle garage bills considering the collision types. Most of the total costs are attributed to lost productivity, followed by medical expenses, vehicle damage, and human costs. Administrative costs comprise the smallest portion (0.73%) of the overall accident costs. The total cost estimation of RTAs in Ernakulam city for the years 2018 to 2021 is in the range of INR 66,96,04,438 to INR 103,05,12,440, which represents 0.44% to 0.7% of the city’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which is a non-repairable loss to the nation.","PeriodicalId":45410,"journal":{"name":"European Transport-Trasporti Europei","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134962124","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nowadays, parking is a challenging issue all around the world, especially in the Central Business District (CBD) during the day and in residential areas during the night. Parking demand in CBD is increasing day by day due to insufficient off-street parking facilities and the tendency to park near the destination. The on-street night parking demand is increasing in residential areas due to the non-availability of sufficient off-street parking facilities on the premises. In this study, one residential area in Roorkee has been selected as the case study area. Socio-economic, demographic and parking characteristics were used as parameters to generate the parking demand model. The selected parameters were collected from the field using the in-out survey and questionnaire survey. Two parking demand models were developed by logistic regression analysis. The first model was developed without the parking fees, while the second model considers parking fees as a parameter. Also, the sensitivity analysis was done on both models to examine the changes in the existing parking demand.
{"title":"Evaluation of On-Street Night Parking Demand: A Case Study of Roorkee City","authors":"Ashwani Bokadia","doi":"10.48295/et.2023.94.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48295/et.2023.94.4","url":null,"abstract":"Nowadays, parking is a challenging issue all around the world, especially in the Central Business District (CBD) during the day and in residential areas during the night. Parking demand in CBD is increasing day by day due to insufficient off-street parking facilities and the tendency to park near the destination. The on-street night parking demand is increasing in residential areas due to the non-availability of sufficient off-street parking facilities on the premises. In this study, one residential area in Roorkee has been selected as the case study area. Socio-economic, demographic and parking characteristics were used as parameters to generate the parking demand model. The selected parameters were collected from the field using the in-out survey and questionnaire survey. Two parking demand models were developed by logistic regression analysis. The first model was developed without the parking fees, while the second model considers parking fees as a parameter. Also, the sensitivity analysis was done on both models to examine the changes in the existing parking demand.","PeriodicalId":45410,"journal":{"name":"European Transport-Trasporti Europei","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135428972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper describes an attempt made to evaluate the pedestrian's road crossing facility at midblock to relate with pedestrian road crossing behaviour and identify the variables influencing pedestrian road crossing decisions. The decision of pedestrians on road crossing depends on many other elements like yielding behaviour of a driver, vehicle speed, roadway width, traffic volume etc. Pedestrians road crossing data collected through videographic survey at Kozhikode city, Kerala, India were used to evaluate the pedestrian crossing facility. Regression model has been developed considering the pedestrian waiting time as dependent variable and vehicle speed and volume as independent variable. Further, a computational tool is developed to derive suitable criteria for regulating the number of pedestrian phases based on the percentage of vehicles in the queue formation for varying levels of interruptions and vehicle arrival rate. The criteria has been derived such that the negative force exerted by vehicles and drivers during pedestrian road crossing to a minimum level, through the implementation of signal control using Intelligent Transport System (ITS) technologies. Further, the queuing analysis results helps to identify the criteria for proposing grade-separated crossing based on the threshold value of the percentage of vehicles in the queue formation. From the queuing analysis, it was found that, the percentage of vehicle in queue has been increased from 19.44% to 38.89% for the arrival rate of 1200v/h when the number of pedestrian interruptions per hour is increased from 20 to 40. Also, it is observed that when the arrival rate increases from 1200 to 1800 v/h the percentage of vehicle in queue increases 19.44% to 77.78% for 20 number of pedestrian interruptions. The prediction tool developed may help the transportation policymakers and highway officials to evaluate the field conditions and to identify suitable control measures for the pedestrian facility with improved pedestrian safety and vehicular traffic efficiency.
{"title":"Road Safety Criteria for Mid-Block Pedestrian Crossing Facility and Application of ITS Technologies","authors":"Sathya Prakash","doi":"10.48295/et.2023.94.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48295/et.2023.94.3","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes an attempt made to evaluate the pedestrian's road crossing facility at midblock to relate with pedestrian road crossing behaviour and identify the variables influencing pedestrian road crossing decisions. The decision of pedestrians on road crossing depends on many other elements like yielding behaviour of a driver, vehicle speed, roadway width, traffic volume etc. Pedestrians road crossing data collected through videographic survey at Kozhikode city, Kerala, India were used to evaluate the pedestrian crossing facility. Regression model has been developed considering the pedestrian waiting time as dependent variable and vehicle speed and volume as independent variable. Further, a computational tool is developed to derive suitable criteria for regulating the number of pedestrian phases based on the percentage of vehicles in the queue formation for varying levels of interruptions and vehicle arrival rate. The criteria has been derived such that the negative force exerted by vehicles and drivers during pedestrian road crossing to a minimum level, through the implementation of signal control using Intelligent Transport System (ITS) technologies. Further, the queuing analysis results helps to identify the criteria for proposing grade-separated crossing based on the threshold value of the percentage of vehicles in the queue formation. From the queuing analysis, it was found that, the percentage of vehicle in queue has been increased from 19.44% to 38.89% for the arrival rate of 1200v/h when the number of pedestrian interruptions per hour is increased from 20 to 40. Also, it is observed that when the arrival rate increases from 1200 to 1800 v/h the percentage of vehicle in queue increases 19.44% to 77.78% for 20 number of pedestrian interruptions. The prediction tool developed may help the transportation policymakers and highway officials to evaluate the field conditions and to identify suitable control measures for the pedestrian facility with improved pedestrian safety and vehicular traffic efficiency.","PeriodicalId":45410,"journal":{"name":"European Transport-Trasporti Europei","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135428760","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The article discusses the issues related to the choice of a travel mode. It explores factors which may lead to the decision to lead a life without a car, as well as describing the advantages and disadvantages associated with such a car-free lifestyle. A qualitative design was chosen for the research. The first group comprised respondents who had never begun to drive, the second individuals who had given up their car voluntarily, of their own accord, and the third consisted of individuals who were forced by circumstances to give up car use. Respondents from the Czech Republic and Austria participated in the survey. The results suggest that the main factors conducive to a car-free life are the lack of a perceived need for a car, financial costs, and fear of driving. The concepts of voluntariness and internal motivation also play a role.
{"title":"Car-free Life and Factors Influencing Travel Mode Choice","authors":"M. Šucha","doi":"10.48295/et.2023.93.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48295/et.2023.93.9","url":null,"abstract":"The article discusses the issues related to the choice of a travel mode. It explores factors which may lead to the decision to lead a life without a car, as well as describing the advantages and disadvantages associated with such a car-free lifestyle. A qualitative design was chosen for the research. The first group comprised respondents who had never begun to drive, the second individuals who had given up their car voluntarily, of their own accord, and the third consisted of individuals who were forced by circumstances to give up car use. Respondents from the Czech Republic and Austria participated in the survey. The results suggest that the main factors conducive to a car-free life are the lack of a perceived need for a car, financial costs, and fear of driving. The concepts of voluntariness and internal motivation also play a role.","PeriodicalId":45410,"journal":{"name":"European Transport-Trasporti Europei","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79504836","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Air transport in Italy accounts for around 1,8% of national production and employment. This sector has undergone a series of transformations during the recent pandemic period. The main focus of this research is the analysis of the network of national airports with more than 50.000 passengers per year both outbound and inbound and the estimation of their centrality in the presence of significant exogenous events such as the recent pandemic. The change in centrality was examined over the period 2019-2021. The methods of network analysis were applied and the results show an increased and growing centrality of some southern airports in the network, a downsizing of Rome Fiumicino airport during the pandemic period and a marginalisation in the national network of some smaller airports in the centre-north. This first step in the research lays the foundations for better actions to promote sustainable transport planning, considering local authorities, airport managers and airlines.
{"title":"The centrality of Italian airports before and after the COVID-19 period: what happened?","authors":"G. Tesoriere","doi":"10.48295/et.2023.93.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48295/et.2023.93.2","url":null,"abstract":"Air transport in Italy accounts for around 1,8% of national production and employment. This sector has undergone a series of transformations during the recent pandemic period. The main focus of this research is the analysis of the network of national airports with more than 50.000 passengers per year both outbound and inbound and the estimation of their centrality in the presence of significant exogenous events such as the recent pandemic. The change in centrality was examined over the period 2019-2021. The methods of network analysis were applied and the results show an increased and growing centrality of some southern airports in the network, a downsizing of Rome Fiumicino airport during the pandemic period and a marginalisation in the national network of some smaller airports in the centre-north. This first step in the research lays the foundations for better actions to promote sustainable transport planning, considering local authorities, airport managers and airlines.","PeriodicalId":45410,"journal":{"name":"European Transport-Trasporti Europei","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87575297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Data from floating vehicles is a modern technology and can be another source of data. There is a free data source available in the Czech Republic, which is relatively new. The addressed source of data from floating vehicles covers the whole Czech Republic, which is a promising source for future use e.g. in transport planning in logistics, estimation of travel times and other related issues. For this reason, it is appropriate to examine the qualitative parameters of the data to see if they characterize the traffic stream. The present paper deals with the size of the processed data. Furthermore, the paper compares the data quality and coverage. January data for four subsequent years was used. The period of the COVID19 pandemic, when traffic declined, was included. Finally, data from selected highways are compared and the period covered is evaluated.
{"title":"Basic characteristics of floating car data from the perspective of traffic loss during the COVID-19 pandemic","authors":"Zuzana Purkrábková","doi":"10.48295/et.2023.93.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48295/et.2023.93.5","url":null,"abstract":"Data from floating vehicles is a modern technology and can be another source of data. There is a free data source available in the Czech Republic, which is relatively new. The addressed source of data from floating vehicles covers the whole Czech Republic, which is a promising source for future use e.g. in transport planning in logistics, estimation of travel times and other related issues. For this reason, it is appropriate to examine the qualitative parameters of the data to see if they characterize the traffic stream. The present paper deals with the size of the processed data. Furthermore, the paper compares the data quality and coverage. January data for four subsequent years was used. The period of the COVID19 pandemic, when traffic declined, was included. Finally, data from selected highways are compared and the period covered is evaluated.","PeriodicalId":45410,"journal":{"name":"European Transport-Trasporti Europei","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2023-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88809814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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