The year 2020 has brought changes in transport services and travel demand globally due to restrictions related to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in public transport. The present work focuses on Sicily (Southern Italy). Through the elaboration and administration of an online questionnaire, a sample of 700 regular public transport users was characterized from a socio-demographic point of view, identifying their travel habits, and their opinion on governmental and public transport company initiatives. Eight (8) national government strategies were evaluated on a Likert scale, and ten (10) pandemic mitigation factors were assessed in different phases of the pandemic, highlighting which of these factors were most preferred by the sample on a hierarchical scale. The results lay the groundwork for identifying critical challenges when dealing with such severely restricted mobility conditions and suggesting improvements for public transport agencies and local authorities.
{"title":"COVID-19 and public transport demand trends in Sicily: analyzing external factors and governmental recommendations","authors":"S. Basbas","doi":"10.48295/et.2021.83.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48295/et.2021.83.9","url":null,"abstract":"The year 2020 has brought changes in transport services and travel demand globally due to restrictions related to the spread of the COVID-19 pandemic, especially in public transport. The present work focuses on Sicily (Southern Italy). Through the elaboration and administration of an online questionnaire, a sample of 700 regular public transport users was characterized from a socio-demographic point of view, identifying their travel habits, and their opinion on governmental and public transport company initiatives. Eight (8) national government strategies were evaluated on a Likert scale, and ten (10) pandemic mitigation factors were assessed in different phases of the pandemic, highlighting which of these factors were most preferred by the sample on a hierarchical scale. The results lay the groundwork for identifying critical challenges when dealing with such severely restricted mobility conditions and suggesting improvements for public transport agencies and local authorities.","PeriodicalId":45410,"journal":{"name":"European Transport-Trasporti Europei","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88885644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we have used the panel data of 15 federal states to evaluate the empirical linkages between regional economic growth, air transport traffic, and surface transport indicators. There is a dearth of academic articles focusing on inter-dependence between these factors in the context of India. Pedroni panel cointegration, FMOLS, panel VECM causality techniques, and variance decomposition analysis have been used to evaluate dynamics between the three variables. The evaluation of linkages between the regional air connectivity and the regional economic growth holds practical implications since it forms the basis of various policy and regulatory measures instituted in the Indian air transport sector. The bidirectional relationship between air transport and surface transport indicators calls for making multi-modal studies by experts as guiding force behind planning processes instead of relying purely on bureaucratic consultation.
{"title":"Impact of Regional Air connectivity on Regional Economic Growth in India","authors":"B. Mishra","doi":"10.48295/et.2021.83.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48295/et.2021.83.4","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we have used the panel data of 15 federal states to evaluate the empirical linkages between regional economic growth, air transport traffic, and surface transport indicators. There is a dearth of academic articles focusing on inter-dependence between these factors in the context of India. Pedroni panel cointegration, FMOLS, panel VECM causality techniques, and variance decomposition analysis have been used to evaluate dynamics between the three variables. The evaluation of linkages between the regional air connectivity and the regional economic growth holds practical implications since it forms the basis of various policy and regulatory measures instituted in the Indian air transport sector. The bidirectional relationship between air transport and surface transport indicators calls for making multi-modal studies by experts as guiding force behind planning processes instead of relying purely on bureaucratic consultation.","PeriodicalId":45410,"journal":{"name":"European Transport-Trasporti Europei","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81364726","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The key features of the electric vehicle (EV) from urban area emphasizes on clean air as well as quiet running nature to preserve atmospheric pollution conditions in the city, however, the new public health risk is arising due to calm running environment of electric vehicles. Since the electric vehicles run at low noise levels, pedestrians being troubled in road traffic accidents which tend to focus on the safety of the pedestrian. The aim of the present study is to analyze the perception of pedestrian’s and driver’s with the quiet nature of electric vehicles by evaluating the data obtained through a questionnaire survey and interviews conducted at the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR), India. A total of 398 drivers of various driving experiences and 401 pedestrians from various locations of MMR had been responded to acquire technical data. A hypothesis is evaluated for public health risk associated with the quiet nature of electric vehicles from the driver’s gender and age perspective. In addition, the ANOVA study was carried out to test the statistical significance of risk with respect to age, gender, vehicle usage, driving experience. The results illustrate that moderate risk is associated with the quiet nature of EV and more attention is required by road users as well as drivers, nevertheless gender (P=0.3321), profession (P=0.6537), driving experience (P=0.8888), vehicle use (P=0.3819) are not significant based on driver’s perception (P value greater than 0.05), whereas driver age group (P=0.0000) is accountable for perceived risk. Similarly, considering pedestrian’s perception, gender (P=0.7954), profession (P=0.8188), distance walk (P=0.2313), location (P=0.3896) are not significant. The outcome of this study recommends the foremost need for the advanced control system in electric vehicles.
{"title":"Assessment of Risk Associated with the Quiet Nature of Electric Vehicle: A Perception of EV Drivers and Pedestrians at Mumbai Metropolitan Region-India","authors":"Lalit N. Patil","doi":"10.48295/et.2021.83.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48295/et.2021.83.1","url":null,"abstract":"The key features of the electric vehicle (EV) from urban area emphasizes on clean air as well as quiet running nature to preserve atmospheric pollution conditions in the city, however, the new public health risk is arising due to calm running environment of electric vehicles. Since the electric vehicles run at low noise levels, pedestrians being troubled in road traffic accidents which tend to focus on the safety of the pedestrian. The aim of the present study is to analyze the perception of pedestrian’s and driver’s with the quiet nature of electric vehicles by evaluating the data obtained through a questionnaire survey and interviews conducted at the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR), India. A total of 398 drivers of various driving experiences and 401 pedestrians from various locations of MMR had been responded to acquire technical data. A hypothesis is evaluated for public health risk associated with the quiet nature of electric vehicles from the driver’s gender and age perspective. In addition, the ANOVA study was carried out to test the statistical significance of risk with respect to age, gender, vehicle usage, driving experience. The results illustrate that moderate risk is associated with the quiet nature of EV and more attention is required by road users as well as drivers, nevertheless gender (P=0.3321), profession (P=0.6537), driving experience (P=0.8888), vehicle use (P=0.3819) are not significant based on driver’s perception (P value greater than 0.05), whereas driver age group (P=0.0000) is accountable for perceived risk. Similarly, considering pedestrian’s perception, gender (P=0.7954), profession (P=0.8188), distance walk (P=0.2313), location (P=0.3896) are not significant. The outcome of this study recommends the foremost need for the advanced control system in electric vehicles.","PeriodicalId":45410,"journal":{"name":"European Transport-Trasporti Europei","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72893147","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tatjana Stanivuk, Ladislav Stazić, Jurica Batinovic, Ana Batinovic
The paper investigates the impact of the SARS-COV-2 virus pandemics on overall cargo operations, using the company Luka Ploce Ltd. as an example. Luka Ploce Ltd (Port of Ploce) is a joint venture for maritime transport services, port services, warehousing and freight forwarding. Company data from the period from 2016 to 2019 was analysed using the prognostic ARIMA model (1.1.1) in order to predict volume of the cargo operations in 2020. The prognostic model predicted average increase of the cargo transhipments close to 10%. That prediction is compared with the actual results of the Luka Ploce Ltd for the first half of the 2020. The comparison is showing that there was a significant decrease of the transhipments of the cargo of almost 32%, with some exceptions due to delay in deliveries and urgent supplies of medical equipment.
本文以Luka place Ltd.公司为例，调查了SARS-COV-2病毒大流行对整体货运业务的影响。卢卡普洛斯有限公司(普洛斯港)是一家从事海运服务、港口服务、仓储和货运代理的合资企业。使用预测ARIMA模型(1.1.1)分析了2016年至2019年期间的公司数据，以预测2020年的货运业务量。预测模型预测货物转口的平均增幅接近10%。这一预测与Luka place Ltd在2020年上半年的实际结果进行了比较。比较表明，货物转运量大幅减少了近32%，但由于延迟交货和紧急供应医疗设备，出现了一些例外情况。
{"title":"Impact of Sars-Cov-2 virus on Maritime Traffic in the Port of Ploce","authors":"Tatjana Stanivuk, Ladislav Stazić, Jurica Batinovic, Ana Batinovic","doi":"10.48295/et.2021.82.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48295/et.2021.82.7","url":null,"abstract":"The paper investigates the impact of the SARS-COV-2 virus pandemics on overall cargo operations, using the company Luka Ploce Ltd. as an example. Luka Ploce Ltd (Port of Ploce) is a joint venture for maritime transport services, port services, warehousing and freight forwarding. Company data from the period from 2016 to 2019 was analysed using the prognostic ARIMA model (1.1.1) in order to predict volume of the cargo operations in 2020. The prognostic model predicted average increase of the cargo transhipments close to 10%. That prediction is compared with the actual results of the Luka Ploce Ltd for the first half of the 2020. The comparison is showing that there was a significant decrease of the transhipments of the cargo of almost 32%, with some exceptions due to delay in deliveries and urgent supplies of medical equipment.","PeriodicalId":45410,"journal":{"name":"European Transport-Trasporti Europei","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85577957","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper covers the aspects of implementation of the Internet of Things concept into airport operations. It suggests areas that would be closely related to the Internet of Things. These areas mainly concern the handling of passengers or baggage and would be able to speed up the whole process significantly. The second part concerns the increase of passenger comfort by providing various information during their stay at the airport. This new system could significantly improve the quality of travel. In the last part, this paper discusses options for implementation of the concept at various selected airports. It includes information on readiness of these airports for digital transformation and availability of the digital tools for such a transformation.
{"title":"Internet of Things as an optimization tool for Smart Airport concept","authors":"Dominik Mrňa","doi":"10.48295/et.2021.82.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48295/et.2021.82.6","url":null,"abstract":"This paper covers the aspects of implementation of the Internet of Things concept into airport operations. It suggests areas that would be closely related to the Internet of Things. These areas mainly concern the handling of passengers or baggage and would be able to speed up the whole process significantly. The second part concerns the increase of passenger comfort by providing various information during their stay at the airport. This new system could significantly improve the quality of travel. In the last part, this paper discusses options for implementation of the concept at various selected airports. It includes information on readiness of these airports for digital transformation and availability of the digital tools for such a transformation.","PeriodicalId":45410,"journal":{"name":"European Transport-Trasporti Europei","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84663093","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Activity based travel demand modelling involves lot of uncertainty due to the complex and varying decision making behaviour of each individual. This study contributes to the literature by assessing the suitability of Support Vector Machine (SVM) in modelling the activity pattern and travel behaviour of workers. Activity and travel behaviour of workers consists of decision outcomes, which can be modelled as classification and regression problems. SVM is a good classifier and regressor with good testing and learning capability, hence the present study used SVM for modelling. It was found that support vector machine models are well performing to predict the activity pattern and travel behaviour of workers. The SVM models developed in the study predicts the temporal variation of mode wise work activity generation. Prediction of temporal mode share of commuters is advantageous to policy makers to experiment the implementation of temporary Travel Demand Management (TDM) actions effectively.
{"title":"Modelling of Activity-Travel Pattern with Support Vector Machine","authors":"A. Alex","doi":"10.48295/et.2021.82.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48295/et.2021.82.2","url":null,"abstract":"Activity based travel demand modelling involves lot of uncertainty due to the complex and varying decision making behaviour of each individual. This study contributes to the literature by assessing the suitability of Support Vector Machine (SVM) in modelling the activity pattern and travel behaviour of workers. Activity and travel behaviour of workers consists of decision outcomes, which can be modelled as classification and regression problems. SVM is a good classifier and regressor with good testing and learning capability, hence the present study used SVM for modelling. It was found that support vector machine models are well performing to predict the activity pattern and travel behaviour of workers. The SVM models developed in the study predicts the temporal variation of mode wise work activity generation. Prediction of temporal mode share of commuters is advantageous to policy makers to experiment the implementation of temporary Travel Demand Management (TDM) actions effectively.","PeriodicalId":45410,"journal":{"name":"European Transport-Trasporti Europei","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75867549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Although urban freight transport is a significant contributor to the development of a country, it has adverse effects on the environment and the quality of life in urban areas. To reduce these adverse effects, we can deploy sustainable city logistic strategies. Scheduling and routing of vehicles is a crucial decision in city logistic strategies. Hence, in this paper, we solve the Multi-Depot Two Echelon Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (MD2E-CVRP), which is a variant of Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) with heterogeneous fleets at both levels. Since VRP is NP-hard, we have proposed a Simulated Annealing (SA) based heuristic solution algorithm and have tested it on the standard 2E- CVRP and MD2E-CVRP instances. The results obtained from SA have a good solution quality at just one-fiftieth of computational time using CPLEX and was found to be faster than Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) with only a marginal drop in solution quality.
{"title":"Simulated Annealing Algorithm for Multi Depot Two-Echelon Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem","authors":"Surendra Reddy Kancharla, Gitakrishnan Ramadurai","doi":"10.48295/ET.2020.78.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48295/ET.2020.78.8","url":null,"abstract":"Although urban freight transport is a significant contributor to the development of a country, it has adverse effects on the environment and the quality of life in urban areas. To reduce these adverse effects, we can deploy sustainable city logistic strategies. Scheduling and routing of vehicles is a crucial decision in city logistic strategies. Hence, in this paper, we solve the Multi-Depot Two Echelon Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (MD2E-CVRP), which is a variant of Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) with heterogeneous fleets at both levels. Since VRP is NP-hard, we have proposed a Simulated Annealing (SA) based heuristic solution algorithm and have tested it on the standard 2E- CVRP and MD2E-CVRP instances. The results obtained from SA have a good solution quality at just one-fiftieth of computational time using CPLEX and was found to be faster than Adaptive Large Neighborhood Search (ALNS) with only a marginal drop in solution quality.","PeriodicalId":45410,"journal":{"name":"European Transport-Trasporti Europei","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"84581810","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of this work is to assess the possibility for the Rome city council and ATAC, the company which manages Local Public Transport (LPT) in the capital, to introduce a fare differentiation for the Integrated Time-Ticket (ITT), meaning by this the definition of two distinct fares for the ticket in question, one referring to the peak time and the other to the soft off peak time. These fare schemes are very widespread in other European countries, but also in Italy this approach to the redesign of fare offers is gaining ground; in fact, even in Milan there are already monthly and annual subscriptions (facilitated for over 65s) that are valid only in specific "off peak" time slots). The theoretical concept underlying the fare discrimination is rooted in the microeconomic theory relating to the possibility for the monopolist, who knows the function of demand of the market (or markets) of his interest, to be able to offer goods and services at different prices, depending on the band of users concerned, depending on the different elasticity of demand at the price. In this study, the possible effects of the abovementioned price differentiation are quantified economically by estimating appropriate demand elasticities; in this way, it can be demonstrated, under specific assumptions, that differentiating the price of ATAC tickets can increase revenues from ticket sales and, at the same time, sell more tickets.
{"title":"A new proposal for fare differentiation for the Integrated Time Ticket in the city of Rome","authors":"Alessio Marabucci","doi":"10.48295/ET.2020.78.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48295/ET.2020.78.3","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work is to assess the possibility for the Rome city council and ATAC, the company which manages Local Public Transport (LPT) in the capital, to introduce a fare differentiation for the Integrated Time-Ticket (ITT), meaning by this the definition of two distinct fares for the ticket in question, one referring to the peak time and the other to the soft off peak time. These fare schemes are very widespread in other European countries, but also in Italy this approach to the redesign of fare offers is gaining ground; in fact, even in Milan there are already monthly and annual subscriptions (facilitated for over 65s) that are valid only in specific \"off peak\" time slots). The theoretical concept underlying the fare discrimination is rooted in the microeconomic theory relating to the possibility for the monopolist, who knows the function of demand of the market (or markets) of his interest, to be able to offer goods and services at different prices, depending on the band of users concerned, depending on the different elasticity of demand at the price. In this study, the possible effects of the abovementioned price differentiation are quantified economically by estimating appropriate demand elasticities; in this way, it can be demonstrated, under specific assumptions, that differentiating the price of ATAC tickets can increase revenues from ticket sales and, at the same time, sell more tickets.","PeriodicalId":45410,"journal":{"name":"European Transport-Trasporti Europei","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2020-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73705529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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