This paper is focused on ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) for road transport, in particular, on the analysis and assessment of the effectiveness of one specific technology making highways and motorways more “perceptive” and “communicating”, i.e. “smart” using a fashion term, that is the dynamic weighing systems of vehicles, also recognised in literature as WIM (Weigh in motion). An application of the investigated technology has been developed at the Measurement Laboratory of the Politecnico di Torino (Italy) where a WIM based on fibre optical sensors has been arranged and tested. The aim has also been to evaluate its accuracy and the possibility of its practical use. The perspective goal is to make roads perceptive and alerting through ITS and the focus on optical fibre-based WIM, for pursuing smart road results, is interesting because fibre sensors are well suited to be employed in the monitoring of large infrastructures.
{"title":"Theory and practice of Weigh in Motion (WIM) based on fibre Bragg gratings: lab tests for smart roads purposes","authors":"A. Gallina","doi":"10.48295/et.2022.88.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48295/et.2022.88.5","url":null,"abstract":"This paper is focused on ITS (Intelligent Transport Systems) for road transport, in particular, on the analysis and assessment of the effectiveness of one specific technology making highways and motorways more “perceptive” and “communicating”, i.e. “smart” using a fashion term, that is the dynamic weighing systems of vehicles, also recognised in literature as WIM (Weigh in motion). An application of the investigated technology has been developed at the Measurement Laboratory of the Politecnico di Torino (Italy) where a WIM based on fibre optical sensors has been arranged and tested. The aim has also been to evaluate its accuracy and the possibility of its practical use. The perspective goal is to make roads perceptive and alerting through ITS and the focus on optical fibre-based WIM, for pursuing smart road results, is interesting because fibre sensors are well suited to be employed in the monitoring of large infrastructures.","PeriodicalId":45410,"journal":{"name":"European Transport-Trasporti Europei","volume":"71 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88508412","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Road accident is most unwanted thing to happen on a road. Most of the fatal accidents occur due to over speeding. Increase in speed multiplies the risk of accident and severity of injury during accident. Excess speed is defined as the one exceeding the speed limit and driving at a speed unsuitable for the prevailing road and traffic conditions. Controlling the vehicle speed can prevent crashes happening and can reduce the impact when they do occur. Specified speed limits are of huge importance in controlling the road accidents. Speed limits are the maximum legal travel speeds during favorable conditions. The speed limits provide a balance of collision risk, safety and also provide the basis for enforcement. These limits are set with the goal of keeping everyone safe. Twenty six sections of undivided two-lane and four lane divided interurban State Highways are selected in 03 states of India to analyze the speed data to estimate the level of compliance of posted speed limit sign. Operating speed models are developed for the road sections selected in this study using different parameters. The most influencing parameters are found to be shoulder width (SW), percentage of heavy vehicle (%HV) and road side hazard rating (RSH) for medium traffic two lane State Highways. For heavy traffic four lane divided roads, the most influencing parameter is the percentage of heavy traffic only. The study found that 24.6 to 35.81 percent drivers are travelling above speed limit and few are (1.08 to 1.72%) travelling at speed higher than 98th percentile speed also. Based on the results of speed compliance need speed limits are proposed for these highways.
{"title":"A close examination of posted speed limits and its compliance on Indian State Highways","authors":"A. M. Rao","doi":"10.48295/et.2022.88.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48295/et.2022.88.4","url":null,"abstract":"Road accident is most unwanted thing to happen on a road. Most of the fatal accidents occur due to over speeding. Increase in speed multiplies the risk of accident and severity of injury during accident. Excess speed is defined as the one exceeding the speed limit and driving at a speed unsuitable for the prevailing road and traffic conditions. Controlling the vehicle speed can prevent crashes happening and can reduce the impact when they do occur. Specified speed limits are of huge importance in controlling the road accidents. Speed limits are the maximum legal travel speeds during favorable conditions. The speed limits provide a balance of collision risk, safety and also provide the basis for enforcement. These limits are set with the goal of keeping everyone safe. Twenty six sections of undivided two-lane and four lane divided interurban State Highways are selected in 03 states of India to analyze the speed data to estimate the level of compliance of posted speed limit sign. Operating speed models are developed for the road sections selected in this study using different parameters. The most influencing parameters are found to be shoulder width (SW), percentage of heavy vehicle (%HV) and road side hazard rating (RSH) for medium traffic two lane State Highways. For heavy traffic four lane divided roads, the most influencing parameter is the percentage of heavy traffic only. The study found that 24.6 to 35.81 percent drivers are travelling above speed limit and few are (1.08 to 1.72%) travelling at speed higher than 98th percentile speed also. Based on the results of speed compliance need speed limits are proposed for these highways.","PeriodicalId":45410,"journal":{"name":"European Transport-Trasporti Europei","volume":"41 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73401242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: The urban transport systems of coastal cities are conditioned by the limitations placed by their coastal position on the expansion of radial networks. However, while the water around them compresses terrestrial routes, it simultaneously creates space for alternative transport systems to support urban and metropolitan mobility. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of establishing new navigation lines to support certain coastal locations in the gulfs of Naples and Salerno in Campania (Italy) which, due to their nature, are particularly suitable for the movement of the huge tourist flows that affect the area under analysis. Methods: This study expands upon specific previous and ongoing experiences, clarifying their strengths and weaknesses, identifying the basic characteristics of hypothesized fast maritime lines, and drawing conclusions about their technical and economic feasibility. Results: Based on the level of detail available to the present study, the hypothesized service does not seem to offer complete economic-financial sustainability. The primary shortcoming lies in the resources needed to adapt technical structures and to support businesses during the initial phase of the project. Conclusions: The feasibility of new transport services depends on the extent to which existing traffic can be subtracted the modes of transport already in operation. In the absence of public subsidies, the speed, frequency, regularity and safety of such transport are crucial.
{"title":"Short Sea Shipping: Evidence from Campania, Southern Italy","authors":"F. Carlucci","doi":"10.48295/et.2022.88.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48295/et.2022.88.1","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The urban transport systems of coastal cities are conditioned by the limitations placed by their coastal position on the expansion of radial networks. However, while the water around them compresses terrestrial routes, it simultaneously creates space for alternative transport systems to support urban and metropolitan mobility. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of establishing new navigation lines to support certain coastal locations in the gulfs of Naples and Salerno in Campania (Italy) which, due to their nature, are particularly suitable for the movement of the huge tourist flows that affect the area under analysis. Methods: This study expands upon specific previous and ongoing experiences, clarifying their strengths and weaknesses, identifying the basic characteristics of hypothesized fast maritime lines, and drawing conclusions about their technical and economic feasibility. Results: Based on the level of detail available to the present study, the hypothesized service does not seem to offer complete economic-financial sustainability. The primary shortcoming lies in the resources needed to adapt technical structures and to support businesses during the initial phase of the project. Conclusions: The feasibility of new transport services depends on the extent to which existing traffic can be subtracted the modes of transport already in operation. In the absence of public subsidies, the speed, frequency, regularity and safety of such transport are crucial.","PeriodicalId":45410,"journal":{"name":"European Transport-Trasporti Europei","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89402351","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Road safety assessment is more challenging in developing countries because crash data are not generally available. However, use of surrogate safety measures can act as a substitute for actual crash data. Historically, the unsignalized intersection poses more danger for road users and the Post Encroachment Time (PET) is more suitable for traverse collision. A threshold value for identifying the critical conflict is inappropriate for heterogeneous traffic conditions. Further, spotting the critical conflicts only by using the speed of the following vehicle is also not ideal. This study includes the speed of the leading vehicle for finding the critical conflicts as the collision probability also depends on the speed of the leading vehicle. Initially, the unsignalized intersections considered looked unsafe while observing the average PET value. However, considering the results of the critical conflicts both interections were found to be safe. It is also observed that the fast-moving vehicles were more responsible for critical conflicts.
{"title":"Safety evaluation of unsignalized intersection with heterogeneous traffic using Post Encroachment Time and conflicting vehicle speed","authors":"Mohamed Hasain","doi":"10.48295/et.2022.88.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48295/et.2022.88.3","url":null,"abstract":"Road safety assessment is more challenging in developing countries because crash data are not generally available. However, use of surrogate safety measures can act as a substitute for actual crash data. Historically, the unsignalized intersection poses more danger for road users and the Post Encroachment Time (PET) is more suitable for traverse collision. A threshold value for identifying the critical conflict is inappropriate for heterogeneous traffic conditions. Further, spotting the critical conflicts only by using the speed of the following vehicle is also not ideal. This study includes the speed of the leading vehicle for finding the critical conflicts as the collision probability also depends on the speed of the leading vehicle. Initially, the unsignalized intersections considered looked unsafe while observing the average PET value. However, considering the results of the critical conflicts both interections were found to be safe. It is also observed that the fast-moving vehicles were more responsible for critical conflicts.","PeriodicalId":45410,"journal":{"name":"European Transport-Trasporti Europei","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91195645","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The logistics and transportation sectors research new ways, new strategies and new technologies to improve the efficiency and the competitiveness, reducing the waste and increasing the services quality. The ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems) allow an efficient management of the logistics processes and represent useful tools for companies to produce new knowledge, new organizational models and new business cultures in order to carry out competitive advantage. The paper aims to highlight the ITS contribution in the management of the freight interchange nodes. Four case studies are proposed, in which the current system is compared with some project scenarios involving ITS in the logistics activities. The reference system is an agri-food platform and the study concerns the processes related to the inbound activities. The analysis has been carried out using a dynamic, stochastic, discrete-event micro-simulation model, conveniently specified and calibrated.
{"title":"Its experimental applications in a freight interchange platform","authors":"D. Gattuso","doi":"10.48295/et.2022.87.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48295/et.2022.87.3","url":null,"abstract":"The logistics and transportation sectors research new ways, new strategies and new technologies to improve the efficiency and the competitiveness, reducing the waste and increasing the services quality. The ITS (Intelligent Transportation Systems) allow an efficient management of the logistics processes and represent useful tools for companies to produce new knowledge, new organizational models and new business cultures in order to carry out competitive advantage. The paper aims to highlight the ITS contribution in the management of the freight interchange nodes. Four case studies are proposed, in which the current system is compared with some project scenarios involving ITS in the logistics activities. The reference system is an agri-food platform and the study concerns the processes related to the inbound activities. The analysis has been carried out using a dynamic, stochastic, discrete-event micro-simulation model, conveniently specified and calibrated.","PeriodicalId":45410,"journal":{"name":"European Transport-Trasporti Europei","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72992646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The delay in travel time varies based on the traffic flow conditions. Undersaturated flow condition requires less time to clear the traffic at the stop line of a signal than oversaturated traffic flow. Several models are available to estimate the delay due to oversaturated flow conditions at intersections but they are mainly based on homogeneous traffic conditions. To address this issue, a modified delay model is developed for oversaturated flow conditions at signal controlled intersections under heterogeneous traffic scenarios. Different ranges of volume capacity ratio have been considered and the duration of the red phase has been added while developing the model. The queue length concept was used for measuring the field delay. The model was generated using the data from three cities and validation was done based on the data of four different cities. Ninety-five percent accuracy in delay estimation was observed using the modified delay model.
{"title":"Delay in Oversaturated Flow Condition at Signal Controlled Intersection under Heterogeneous Traffic Scenario","authors":"A. Saha","doi":"10.48295/et.2022.87.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48295/et.2022.87.6","url":null,"abstract":"The delay in travel time varies based on the traffic flow conditions. Undersaturated flow condition requires less time to clear the traffic at the stop line of a signal than oversaturated traffic flow. Several models are available to estimate the delay due to oversaturated flow conditions at intersections but they are mainly based on homogeneous traffic conditions. To address this issue, a modified delay model is developed for oversaturated flow conditions at signal controlled intersections under heterogeneous traffic scenarios. Different ranges of volume capacity ratio have been considered and the duration of the red phase has been added while developing the model. The queue length concept was used for measuring the field delay. The model was generated using the data from three cities and validation was done based on the data of four different cities. Ninety-five percent accuracy in delay estimation was observed using the modified delay model.","PeriodicalId":45410,"journal":{"name":"European Transport-Trasporti Europei","volume":"103 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77677251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pedestrians are considered the most vulnerable of all road users, particularly in developing counties. Therefore, the safety of pedestrians plays a significant role during road crossing. The pedestrian gap acceptance and level of service (LOS) can be used to evaluate pedestrian crossing behavior. The existing statistical models are failed to predict the accurate level of pedestrian safety due to various assumptions. Thus, the objectives of this study are to develop pedestrian crossing behavior models, level of service model, and systematic methodology to select optimal pedestrian crossing facilities at midblock under mixed traffic conditions. The required data were collected from selected six midblock locations in Tiruchirappalli, India, by conducting videographic and questionnaire surveys simultaneously. Various influencing parameters on pedestrian crossing behavior were identified by conducting statistical correlation analysis. First, the pedestrian field critical gap was estimated and compared with various methods such as Raff, Greenshield, Ashworth, and Highway Capacity Manual 2010. The pedestrian gap acceptance model was developed by adopting stepwise multiple linear regression and non-linear artificial neural network methods. The developed models were validated and compared using the field data. The pedestrian LOS model was developed by utilizing the conventional regression method by using qualitative and quantitative data. Pedestrian LOS model was validated using another set of field data. Finally, the approximate solution to find the best crossing facility was found by performing weighting by a ranking method and analytical hierarchy process in all six locations. This study helps in identifying the most significant factors influencing road crossing behavior of pedestrians for the selected locations. The study results help design pedestrian facility and thereby improve pedestrian safety at uncontrolled intersections.
{"title":"Pedestrian Road Crossing Behavior and Optimal Selection of Pedestrian Facilities at Mid-Block Crossings","authors":"Sandra Albert","doi":"10.48295/et.2022.87.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48295/et.2022.87.1","url":null,"abstract":"Pedestrians are considered the most vulnerable of all road users, particularly in developing counties. Therefore, the safety of pedestrians plays a significant role during road crossing. The pedestrian gap acceptance and level of service (LOS) can be used to evaluate pedestrian crossing behavior. The existing statistical models are failed to predict the accurate level of pedestrian safety due to various assumptions. Thus, the objectives of this study are to develop pedestrian crossing behavior models, level of service model, and systematic methodology to select optimal pedestrian crossing facilities at midblock under mixed traffic conditions. The required data were collected from selected six midblock locations in Tiruchirappalli, India, by conducting videographic and questionnaire surveys simultaneously. Various influencing parameters on pedestrian crossing behavior were identified by conducting statistical correlation analysis. First, the pedestrian field critical gap was estimated and compared with various methods such as Raff, Greenshield, Ashworth, and Highway Capacity Manual 2010. The pedestrian gap acceptance model was developed by adopting stepwise multiple linear regression and non-linear artificial neural network methods. The developed models were validated and compared using the field data. The pedestrian LOS model was developed by utilizing the conventional regression method by using qualitative and quantitative data. Pedestrian LOS model was validated using another set of field data. Finally, the approximate solution to find the best crossing facility was found by performing weighting by a ranking method and analytical hierarchy process in all six locations. This study helps in identifying the most significant factors influencing road crossing behavior of pedestrians for the selected locations. The study results help design pedestrian facility and thereby improve pedestrian safety at uncontrolled intersections.","PeriodicalId":45410,"journal":{"name":"European Transport-Trasporti Europei","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87619987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study sought to establish the relationship between residential density and traffic congestion. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design and a mixed method approach. Data was collected from 384 households in Harare Metropolitan Region using structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Structural Equation Modelling was used to test the relationship among residential density, vehicle miles travelled and traffic congestion. The findings revealed that there is a direct relationship between residential density and traffic congestion. In addition, the study also confirmed that vehicle miles travelled mediates the relationship between residential density and traffic congestion. Theoretical and practical implications emanating from the study are discussed.
{"title":"Residential Density and Traffic Congestion in the Harare Metropolitan Region","authors":"J. Kanyepe","doi":"10.48295/et.2022.87.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48295/et.2022.87.4","url":null,"abstract":"This study sought to establish the relationship between residential density and traffic congestion. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design and a mixed method approach. Data was collected from 384 households in Harare Metropolitan Region using structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Structural Equation Modelling was used to test the relationship among residential density, vehicle miles travelled and traffic congestion. The findings revealed that there is a direct relationship between residential density and traffic congestion. In addition, the study also confirmed that vehicle miles travelled mediates the relationship between residential density and traffic congestion. Theoretical and practical implications emanating from the study are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45410,"journal":{"name":"European Transport-Trasporti Europei","volume":"47 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86704510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Year 2020 was a milestone year for shipping both positively and negatively: the insecurity of people to move freely due to the Covid-19 pandemic imposed travel restrictions, while on the other hand the enforced Directives and Regulations (i.e. fuel sulfur standards) contribute to the reduction of harmful air emissions from shipping. The scope of the paper is to present some important findings regarding induced air emissions in ports due to shipping activities. Two Greek major ports have been used as a case study to estimate fuel-energy consumption and air emissions (CO2, SOx, NOx, PM10) due to passenger ferries and cruise ships for three consecutive years (i.e. 2018-2020). Due to the lack of publically available technical data, a bottom-up methodology has been employed for air emissions estimation which is based on the calculation of SFOC values through a regression analysis that leads to accurate and reliable results.
{"title":"Environmental impact assessment of passenger ferries and cruise vessels: the case study of Crete","authors":"E. Doundoulakis","doi":"10.48295/et.2022.87.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48295/et.2022.87.2","url":null,"abstract":"Year 2020 was a milestone year for shipping both positively and negatively: the insecurity of people to move freely due to the Covid-19 pandemic imposed travel restrictions, while on the other hand the enforced Directives and Regulations (i.e. fuel sulfur standards) contribute to the reduction of harmful air emissions from shipping. The scope of the paper is to present some important findings regarding induced air emissions in ports due to shipping activities. Two Greek major ports have been used as a case study to estimate fuel-energy consumption and air emissions (CO2, SOx, NOx, PM10) due to passenger ferries and cruise ships for three consecutive years (i.e. 2018-2020). Due to the lack of publically available technical data, a bottom-up methodology has been employed for air emissions estimation which is based on the calculation of SFOC values through a regression analysis that leads to accurate and reliable results.","PeriodicalId":45410,"journal":{"name":"European Transport-Trasporti Europei","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81053556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study sought to establish the relationship between residential density and traffic congestion. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design and a mixed method approach. Data was collected from 384 households in Harare Metropolitan Region using structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Structural Equation Modelling was used to test the relationship among residential density, vehicle miles travelled and traffic congestion. The findings revealed that there is a direct relationship between residential density and traffic congestion. In addition, the study also confirmed that vehicle miles travelled mediates the relationship between residential density and traffic congestion. Theoretical and practical implications emanating from the study are discussed.
{"title":"Energy savings through innovative and automated freight trains","authors":"D. Gattuso","doi":"10.48295/et.2022.87.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.48295/et.2022.87.5","url":null,"abstract":"This study sought to establish the relationship between residential density and traffic congestion. The study adopted a cross-sectional survey design and a mixed method approach. Data was collected from 384 households in Harare Metropolitan Region using structured questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Structural Equation Modelling was used to test the relationship among residential density, vehicle miles travelled and traffic congestion. The findings revealed that there is a direct relationship between residential density and traffic congestion. In addition, the study also confirmed that vehicle miles travelled mediates the relationship between residential density and traffic congestion. Theoretical and practical implications emanating from the study are discussed.","PeriodicalId":45410,"journal":{"name":"European Transport-Trasporti Europei","volume":"4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2022-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76952961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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