ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of blockchain technology on taxpayer compliance among U.S. taxpayers, using it as a case study. It aims to explore the critical factors affecting blockchain technology applications in tax compliance systems. We first utilized a panel data model to establish empirical parameters linking audit intensity and qualification rates of Internal Revenue Service (IRS) tax returns. We then applied these parameters to an agent-based simulation model powered by artificial intelligence. We showed that integrating blockchain technology can effectively address noncooperative behavior and reduce the tax gap. Moreover, we identified two key factors—the improvement of the IRS’s efficiency and increased punishment—that can accelerate the development of blockchain technology in the tax compliance system. Our research adds to the existing literature on applications of agent-based simulation models in tax compliance systems and provides policy implications for promoting the use of blockchain technology. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.
{"title":"Impact of Blockchain on Improving Taxpayers Compliance: Empirical Evidence from Panel Data Model and Agent-Based Simulation","authors":"Eugene Y. Lee, Gordon C. Leeroy, Wesley Leeroy","doi":"10.2308/jeta-2022-046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2308/jeta-2022-046","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of blockchain technology on taxpayer compliance among U.S. taxpayers, using it as a case study. It aims to explore the critical factors affecting blockchain technology applications in tax compliance systems. We first utilized a panel data model to establish empirical parameters linking audit intensity and qualification rates of Internal Revenue Service (IRS) tax returns. We then applied these parameters to an agent-based simulation model powered by artificial intelligence. We showed that integrating blockchain technology can effectively address noncooperative behavior and reduce the tax gap. Moreover, we identified two key factors—the improvement of the IRS’s efficiency and increased punishment—that can accelerate the development of blockchain technology in the tax compliance system. Our research adds to the existing literature on applications of agent-based simulation models in tax compliance systems and provides policy implications for promoting the use of blockchain technology. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.","PeriodicalId":45427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136153314","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Employers expect graduates to perform data analytics using both organizational and publicly available data. Interestingly, few teaching cases provide students with needed exposure to data analytics in managerial or governmental accounting. In this case, students assume the role of a managerial accountant employed at Municipal Consulting, LLC. Students assist the Police Commissioner in using a Balanced Scorecard approach to analyze how her department responds to crime patterns and to develop next year’s budget. This case requires students to critique, analyze, and evaluate Internal Business Process Perspective Balanced Scorecard measures supported by publicly available data using data visualization software. The case includes instructions for both Tableau and Power BI. The case covers three skills: (1) extract, transform, and load data; (2) develop data visualization software experience; and (3) analyze data. The case is designed for senior level undergraduate and graduate courses in managerial, data analytics, and governmental accounting.
{"title":"Balanced Scorecard Internal Process Perspective: Applying Data Analytics to Monitor Police Department Performance","authors":"Diane J. Janvrin, M. Mascha, Laurie L. Burney","doi":"10.2308/jeta-2022-066","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2308/jeta-2022-066","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Employers expect graduates to perform data analytics using both organizational and publicly available data. Interestingly, few teaching cases provide students with needed exposure to data analytics in managerial or governmental accounting. In this case, students assume the role of a managerial accountant employed at Municipal Consulting, LLC. Students assist the Police Commissioner in using a Balanced Scorecard approach to analyze how her department responds to crime patterns and to develop next year’s budget. This case requires students to critique, analyze, and evaluate Internal Business Process Perspective Balanced Scorecard measures supported by publicly available data using data visualization software. The case includes instructions for both Tableau and Power BI. The case covers three skills: (1) extract, transform, and load data; (2) develop data visualization software experience; and (3) analyze data. The case is designed for senior level undergraduate and graduate courses in managerial, data analytics, and governmental accounting.","PeriodicalId":45427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48042039","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cory A. Campbell, S. Ramamoorti, Thomas G. Calderon
Blockchain technology appears to have unique characteristics such as inherent trust, immutability, transparency, and tighter security that might facilitate the audit process. Using a survey of AICPA members, we examine responses to the evaluation of audit evidence related to management assertions in a blockchain-enabled environment. We posit three possible effects pertaining to reliance on audit evidence in blockchain-enabled environments: (1) Goldilocks Effect (no automation bias) or the ideal scenario where auditors exhibit “just right” levels of professional skepticism and due care resulting in an optimal level of auditing; (2) Halo Effect or positive automation bias, which potentially results in over-reliance on evidence and, in turn, underauditing and; (3) Hype Effect or negative automation bias, which potentially results in under-reliance on evidence and, in turn, overauditing. Our results suggest that respondents to our survey are predominantly influenced by the Halo Effect, indicating a propensity for positive automation bias across management assertions.
{"title":"Automation Bias and the “Goldilocks Effect” in Auditing Blockchain","authors":"Cory A. Campbell, S. Ramamoorti, Thomas G. Calderon","doi":"10.2308/jeta-2022-062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2308/jeta-2022-062","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Blockchain technology appears to have unique characteristics such as inherent trust, immutability, transparency, and tighter security that might facilitate the audit process. Using a survey of AICPA members, we examine responses to the evaluation of audit evidence related to management assertions in a blockchain-enabled environment. We posit three possible effects pertaining to reliance on audit evidence in blockchain-enabled environments: (1) Goldilocks Effect (no automation bias) or the ideal scenario where auditors exhibit “just right” levels of professional skepticism and due care resulting in an optimal level of auditing; (2) Halo Effect or positive automation bias, which potentially results in over-reliance on evidence and, in turn, underauditing and; (3) Hype Effect or negative automation bias, which potentially results in under-reliance on evidence and, in turn, overauditing. Our results suggest that respondents to our survey are predominantly influenced by the Halo Effect, indicating a propensity for positive automation bias across management assertions.","PeriodicalId":45427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42732006","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Data analytics (DA) has gained widespread attention in accounting and auditing recently. Despite the significant potential presented by DA programming languages such as R and Python, their application remains limited. This study presents the tidyverse approach of R for DA in the field of accounting. This approach can greatly benefit undergraduate or graduate accounting students without any coding knowledge. In addition, a teaching case suitable for auditing, accounting information systems, or accounting/auditing analytics classes is presented for instructors to adopt in their courses. Evidence from classrooms suggests that this approach is effective in teaching R for DA and in introducing advanced DA tools for the next generation of accountants. JEL Classifications: C8; Y1.
{"title":"Accounting Data Analytics in R: A Case Study Using Tidyverse","authors":"M. Islam, Nusrat Farah, Tawei Wang","doi":"10.2308/jeta-2021-023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2308/jeta-2021-023","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Data analytics (DA) has gained widespread attention in accounting and auditing recently. Despite the significant potential presented by DA programming languages such as R and Python, their application remains limited. This study presents the tidyverse approach of R for DA in the field of accounting. This approach can greatly benefit undergraduate or graduate accounting students without any coding knowledge. In addition, a teaching case suitable for auditing, accounting information systems, or accounting/auditing analytics classes is presented for instructors to adopt in their courses. Evidence from classrooms suggests that this approach is effective in teaching R for DA and in introducing advanced DA tools for the next generation of accountants.\u0000 JEL Classifications: C8; Y1.","PeriodicalId":45427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45868572","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using a design science approach, I test whether machine learning can replace the first-stage allocation of activity-based costing (ABC). I call this combination machine learning activity-based costing (MLABC). I conduct three numerical experiments using simulated datasets and find evidence that MLABC can produce relatively accurate overhead allocations like ABC if (1) the data include longitudinal correlations between cost drivers and cost resources, (2) correlations between cost drivers and cost resources include interactions, and (3) avoiding ABC’s cost study does not leave the firm ignorant of a cost driver that accounts for a substantial amount of variance between cost drivers and cost resources. I find limited evidence that MLABC can facilitate active experimentation with the firm’s cost function to learn more about it. I also conduct two supplemental mini-cases with data from practice. These mini-cases help test assumptions from my numerical experiments. Data Availability: Some data are protected by a nondisclosure agreement. JEL Classifications: M40; M41; M49; C45; C63.
{"title":"Machine Learning Activity-Based Costing: Can Activity-Based Costing’s First-Stage Allocation Be Replaced with a Neural Network?","authors":"B. Knox","doi":"10.2308/jeta-2021-046","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2308/jeta-2021-046","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Using a design science approach, I test whether machine learning can replace the first-stage allocation of activity-based costing (ABC). I call this combination machine learning activity-based costing (MLABC). I conduct three numerical experiments using simulated datasets and find evidence that MLABC can produce relatively accurate overhead allocations like ABC if (1) the data include longitudinal correlations between cost drivers and cost resources, (2) correlations between cost drivers and cost resources include interactions, and (3) avoiding ABC’s cost study does not leave the firm ignorant of a cost driver that accounts for a substantial amount of variance between cost drivers and cost resources. I find limited evidence that MLABC can facilitate active experimentation with the firm’s cost function to learn more about it. I also conduct two supplemental mini-cases with data from practice. These mini-cases help test assumptions from my numerical experiments.\u0000 Data Availability: Some data are protected by a nondisclosure agreement.\u0000 JEL Classifications: M40; M41; M49; C45; C63.","PeriodicalId":45427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46165903","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we first conduct a longitudinal study of public companies’ climate change risk disclosures from 2005 to 2019. Results indicate that although the number of firms disclosing climate change risks increased over time, disclosure length and disclosure clarity did not improve consistently during the study period. It seems that firms temporarily adjusted their disclosure behaviors around 2010 to satisfy the SEC’s 2010 guidance regarding climate change disclosures. From that point forward, however, companies’ disclosure length and clarity declined. Climate change and disclosures in a client’s environment can elevate both inherent risk and audit risk. Accordingly, the second part of the study empirically examines whether climate change risk disclosures are embedded into the auditors’ risk model and associated audit prices. Results suggest that audit fees are significantly associated with climate change risk disclosure length and clarity, and lower climate change risk disclosure clarity is associated with higher audit fees.
{"title":"Climate Change Risk Disclosures and Audit Fees: A Text Analytics Assessment","authors":"Lei Gao, Thomas G. Calderon","doi":"10.2308/jeta-2021-003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2308/jeta-2021-003","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In this paper, we first conduct a longitudinal study of public companies’ climate change risk disclosures from 2005 to 2019. Results indicate that although the number of firms disclosing climate change risks increased over time, disclosure length and disclosure clarity did not improve consistently during the study period. It seems that firms temporarily adjusted their disclosure behaviors around 2010 to satisfy the SEC’s 2010 guidance regarding climate change disclosures. From that point forward, however, companies’ disclosure length and clarity declined. Climate change and disclosures in a client’s environment can elevate both inherent risk and audit risk. Accordingly, the second part of the study empirically examines whether climate change risk disclosures are embedded into the auditors’ risk model and associated audit prices. Results suggest that audit fees are significantly associated with climate change risk disclosure length and clarity, and lower climate change risk disclosure clarity is associated with higher audit fees.","PeriodicalId":45427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68988663","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Amelia Annette Baldwin, Victoria Chiu, Qi Liu, Brigitte Muehlmann
Technology agility among accounting graduates and faculty is required by AACSB in Standard A5. Similarly, recent CPA exam changes call for emphasis on data analytics, digital acumen, and a strong foundation in technology in order to prepare new CPAs to deal with emerging technologies. This article provides a resource for accounting faculty and program leaders who are embracing technology agility. It explains the role of technology agility as a leading indicator of business agility and addresses the curricular components to which accounting educators are expected to apply it. The growth mindset in both faculty and students is discussed. The shared pedagogical concerns in information systems and data analytics disciplines are described. Design thinking is introduced as an approach to develop growth mindset, a creative thinking tool and a strategy follow. Faculty and academic unit leaders are encouraged to practice technology agility in accounting and to embrace it in all courses.
{"title":"Technology Agility Supported by a Growth Mindset: A New Requirement for Accounting Curricula","authors":"Amelia Annette Baldwin, Victoria Chiu, Qi Liu, Brigitte Muehlmann","doi":"10.2308/jeta-2021-034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2308/jeta-2021-034","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Technology agility among accounting graduates and faculty is required by AACSB in Standard A5. Similarly, recent CPA exam changes call for emphasis on data analytics, digital acumen, and a strong foundation in technology in order to prepare new CPAs to deal with emerging technologies. This article provides a resource for accounting faculty and program leaders who are embracing technology agility. It explains the role of technology agility as a leading indicator of business agility and addresses the curricular components to which accounting educators are expected to apply it. The growth mindset in both faculty and students is discussed. The shared pedagogical concerns in information systems and data analytics disciplines are described. Design thinking is introduced as an approach to develop growth mindset, a creative thinking tool and a strategy follow. Faculty and academic unit leaders are encouraged to practice technology agility in accounting and to embrace it in all courses.","PeriodicalId":45427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47701344","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Blockchain and cloud computing continue to emerge and evolve as important technologies for data management. This has strategic implications for data stored in enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. We use manufacturing bills of materials (MBOMs) as an example of critical data in ERP. MBOMs define the complex product structures of manufacturing enterprises. We survey five alternatives for storing, controlling, and auditing MBOMs in ERP: Oracle Blockchain Table; Oracle Blockchain Platform Enterprise Edition; Microsoft Azure SQL Database Ledger; SAP HANA Blockchain Ledgers; and IBM Blockchain Platform. We also consider cloud computing without blockchain technologies. We analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each alternative by its effect on the management of MBOMs. Although we use MBOMs in our illustrations, many of the concepts discussed also apply to other critical data stored in ERPs. Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text. JEL Classifications: G31; G32; G33; M21.
区块链和云计算作为数据管理的重要技术不断出现和发展。这对存储在企业资源规划(ERP)系统中的数据具有战略意义。我们以制造物料清单(mbom)作为ERP中关键数据的一个例子。mbm定义了制造企业的复杂产品结构。我们调查了ERP中存储、控制和审计mbm的五种替代方案:Oracle区块链Table;Oracle区块链平台企业版;Microsoft Azure SQL数据库分类帐;SAP HANA bbb100分类账;和IBM b区块链平台。我们还考虑了没有区块链技术的云计算。通过分析各备选方案对mbm管理的影响，分析其优缺点。尽管我们在示例中使用了mbm，但是所讨论的许多概念也适用于存储在erp中的其他关键数据。数据可用性:数据可从文本中引用的公共来源获得。JEL分类:G31;G32;G33;M21。
{"title":"Survey of Emerging Blockchain Technologies for Improving the Data Integrity and Auditability of Manufacturing Bills of Materials in Enterprise Resource Planning","authors":"S. Lambert, Bruce I. Davidson, S. LeMay","doi":"10.2308/jeta-2021-041","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2308/jeta-2021-041","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Blockchain and cloud computing continue to emerge and evolve as important technologies for data management. This has strategic implications for data stored in enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. We use manufacturing bills of materials (MBOMs) as an example of critical data in ERP. MBOMs define the complex product structures of manufacturing enterprises. We survey five alternatives for storing, controlling, and auditing MBOMs in ERP: Oracle Blockchain Table; Oracle Blockchain Platform Enterprise Edition; Microsoft Azure SQL Database Ledger; SAP HANA Blockchain Ledgers; and IBM Blockchain Platform. We also consider cloud computing without blockchain technologies. We analyze the advantages and disadvantages of each alternative by its effect on the management of MBOMs. Although we use MBOMs in our illustrations, many of the concepts discussed also apply to other critical data stored in ERPs.\u0000 Data Availability: Data are available from the public sources cited in the text.\u0000 JEL Classifications: G31; G32; G33; M21.","PeriodicalId":45427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44639604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Internal audit function (IAF) effectiveness can be improved by embracing Audit Analytics (AA). However, despite its promises, AA implementation remains limited. Although there is research on AA implementation in general, there needs to be an overview of insight into inhibiting and driving factors for internal auditing. This paper examines those driving and inhibiting factors by exploring the literature on AA implementation. The initial search revealed 98 uniquely identified papers. Further filtering and the additional search returned 42 articles, which were analyzed in detail. The analysis resulted in 12 driving and 23 inhibiting factors, grouped into internal, regulation, data, infrastructure, and audit practice categories. The literature shows that IAF encounters multiple and intertwined factors in AA implementation and needs to anticipate those factors. Moreover, AA implementation affects IAF’s parts and stakeholders differently, requiring internal and external collaboration. Building on these insights, we provide recommendations for further research. JEL Classifications: M42; M49; O32.
{"title":"Driving and Inhibiting Factors for Implementing Audit Analytics in an Internal Audit Function","authors":"M. G. Ramadhan, M. Janssen, Haiko van der Voort","doi":"10.2308/jeta-2022-035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2308/jeta-2022-035","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Internal audit function (IAF) effectiveness can be improved by embracing Audit Analytics (AA). However, despite its promises, AA implementation remains limited. Although there is research on AA implementation in general, there needs to be an overview of insight into inhibiting and driving factors for internal auditing. This paper examines those driving and inhibiting factors by exploring the literature on AA implementation. The initial search revealed 98 uniquely identified papers. Further filtering and the additional search returned 42 articles, which were analyzed in detail. The analysis resulted in 12 driving and 23 inhibiting factors, grouped into internal, regulation, data, infrastructure, and audit practice categories. The literature shows that IAF encounters multiple and intertwined factors in AA implementation and needs to anticipate those factors. Moreover, AA implementation affects IAF’s parts and stakeholders differently, requiring internal and external collaboration. Building on these insights, we provide recommendations for further research.\u0000 JEL Classifications: M42; M49; O32.","PeriodicalId":45427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43832145","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Crypto assets are a diverse group of digital assets with different origins and uses that have become a widely accepted part of the global financial system. As the use of crypto assets has grown, IRS guidance related to their tax classification has not changed. Although the complexity of crypto assets increases the difficulty of regulation and taxation, the SEC and CFTC have asserted their authority and obtained rulings that challenge the current IRS guidance. In this paper, we examine the complexities of, and regulatory environment for, crypto assets to provide guidance on their tax classification. Then, we discuss possible tax classifications for crypto assets and the implications of those classifications. Our analysis of the complexity of crypto assets and their regulatory environment suggests that one tax classification for crypto assets is not sufficient. Allowing for different tax classifications provides more equitable tax treatment for users of crypto assets.
{"title":"Crypto Assets: Examining Possible Tax Classifications","authors":"Stephan A. Davenport, Spencer C. Usrey","doi":"10.2308/jeta-2022-033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2308/jeta-2022-033","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Crypto assets are a diverse group of digital assets with different origins and uses that have become a widely accepted part of the global financial system. As the use of crypto assets has grown, IRS guidance related to their tax classification has not changed. Although the complexity of crypto assets increases the difficulty of regulation and taxation, the SEC and CFTC have asserted their authority and obtained rulings that challenge the current IRS guidance. In this paper, we examine the complexities of, and regulatory environment for, crypto assets to provide guidance on their tax classification. Then, we discuss possible tax classifications for crypto assets and the implications of those classifications. Our analysis of the complexity of crypto assets and their regulatory environment suggests that one tax classification for crypto assets is not sufficient. Allowing for different tax classifications provides more equitable tax treatment for users of crypto assets.","PeriodicalId":45427,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Emerging Technologies in Accounting","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2023-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41829377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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