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Introduction: Start-ups and Innovation Ecosystems 导言:初创企业和创新生态系统
IF 2.1 4区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2024-03-05 DOI: 10.1177/09717218241226499
Rishikesha T. Krishnan, Venni V. Krishna
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引用次数: 0
Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) and Startup Ecosystem in Vietnam 越南的科技创新(STI)和初创企业生态系统
IF 2.1 4区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2024-02-24 DOI: 10.1177/09717218231219635
Luong Van Thuong, Bach Tan Sinh
Research on science, technology and innovation policy (STI policy) in Vietnam has mainly focused on the role of government and business—the two main groups of social actors shaping the development of the Government. From the cultural perspective of STI policy, the article analyses the interactions between four policy cultures representing four groups of social actors (academic, state, business and civil society) that affect the formation and development of STI policy in Vietnam through four stages of development. From there, the article provides a general picture of the role of four groups of policy actors involved in the policymaking process, considering aspects including: (a) the nature of the policy; (b) policy objectives; (c) policy makers; (d) policy instruments; (e) policy specificity and (f) group of agents representing policy culture. Next, the article analyses the formation and development of an innovation-based startup ecosystem that represents the concerns of a third policy culture—an economic policy culture. Finally, the article proposes some initial recommendations to promote the interaction between the components of the STI ecosystem, especially those related to the innovation-based startup ecosystem.
对越南科技创新政策(STI 政策)的研究主要集中在政府和企业--影响政府发展的两大社会行动者群体--的作用上。文章从科技创新政策的文化视角出发,分析了代表四类社会行动者(学术界、国家、企业和民间社会)的四种政策文化之间的互动关系,这些政策文化通过四个发展阶段影响着越南科技创新政策的形成和发展。文章从以下几个方面概括了参与政策制定过程的四类政策参与者的作用:(a) 政策性质;(b) 政策目标;(c) 政策制定者;(d) 政策工具;(e) 政策特殊性;(f) 代表政策文化的群体。接下来,文章分析了以创新为基础的初创企业生态系统的形成和发展,该生态系统代表了第三种政策文化--经济政策文化的关注点。最后,文章提出了一些初步建议,以促进科技创新生态系统各组成部分之间的互动,特别是与基于创新的初创企业生态系统有关的部分。
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引用次数: 0
Start-ups in the Brazilian Innovation Ecosystem 巴西创新生态系统中的初创企业
IF 2.1 4区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2024-02-19 DOI: 10.1177/09717218231220344
Antonio José Junqueira Botelho, Mariza Almeida
The article analyses the dynamics of start-up growth in Brazil highlighting the role of government, companies, venture capital and the innovation system in start-up policy. The most significant recent change in the Brazilian start-up ecosystem was the rise of growth-oriented entrepreneurship and start-ups. The 2021 Brazilian Legal Framework of Start-ups and Innovative Entrepreneurship is a milestone as it establishes mechanisms for the acquisition of products/services by the government provided by start-ups.
文章分析了巴西初创企业的发展动态,强调了政府、企业、风险投资和创新体系在初创企业政策中的作用。巴西初创企业生态系统近期最重要的变化是以增长为导向的创业和初创企业的崛起。2021 年巴西初创企业和创新创业法律框架》是一个里程碑,因为它建立了政府收购初创企业提供的产品/服务的机制。
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引用次数: 0
Startup Policy and Startup Innovation Ecosystem in Korea 韩国的创业政策和创业创新生态系统
4区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2023-10-26 DOI: 10.1177/09717218231201887
Doek Soon Yim, Younghwan Kim, Wangdong Kim
Today, startups are achieving innovation differently from traditional companies based on quick application of new technologies, promptness in decision-making, and active risk-taking. In this background, the startup innovation ecosystem (SIE) is defined as a system of innovation actors and influencing factors and their relationship, affecting innovation-based startup activities and their performance. SIE is distinct from the traditional national innovation system (NIS) and has an impact on NIS and government policy, co-evolving in the time. This study investigated how the Korean government, which is experiencing the R&D paradox of high R&D investment but low productivity, seeks to change the NIS by developing the SIE. According to our analytical framework of the SIE, Korea’s SIE is analysed in terms of startups, technology/knowledge, training/human capital, finance, infrastructure, and globalisation. In particular, the evolutionary process of startups-related policies is explained with several specific examples of policy programmes. It is found that Korea’s SIE has achieved unique development, with the government’s active supporting policy for startups, and has produced a big positive impact on Korea’s NIS.
如今,创业公司实现创新的方式与传统公司不同,它们基于对新技术的快速应用、决策的敏捷性和积极承担风险。在此背景下,创业创新生态系统(SIE)被定义为影响创新型创业活动及其绩效的创新行为体、影响因素及其相互关系的系统。SIE与传统的国家创新系统(NIS)不同,并对国家创新系统和政府政策产生影响,在时代演进中共同演进。本研究调查了正在经历研发投资高、生产率低的研发悖论的韩国政府如何通过发展SIE来改变NIS。根据我们对社会创新指数的分析框架,我们从创业公司、技术/知识、培训/人力资本、金融、基础设施和全球化等方面对韩国的社会创新指数进行了分析。特别地,用若干政策方案的具体例子解释了与创业有关的政策的演变过程。研究发现,韩国的企业创新技术取得了独特的发展,政府对创业公司的积极扶持政策对韩国的企业创新技术产生了很大的积极影响。
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引用次数: 0
Institutional Pressure and Eco-innovation: The Moderating Role of Environmental Uncertainty 制度压力与生态创新:环境不确定性的调节作用
4区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2023-10-22 DOI: 10.1177/09717218231201945
Dongyun Zhu, Hailun Zhu, Vincent Ekow Arkorful
The growing environmental difficulties triggered by enterprises’ activities have drawn academics and development experts’ attention to mechanisms to advance growth and development without compromising the environment. Discussions about eco-innovation have become topical as a result, yet there still remains a dearth of understanding on the subject. Eco-innovation emphasises the duality of technological innovation and environmental protection as long-term solutions to the inherent tensions between these goals. Despite this, there has been little research on methods to improve eco-innovation performance, taking into account internal and external factors. Cognizant of the external environment’s dynamics, this study, based on institutional theory, investigates how institutional pressure affects eco-innovation. We used a cross-sectional survey approach to draw data from 155 businesses. Results revealed institutional pressures, that is, normative, mimetic, and coercive, also environmental complexity (EC) has a positive role in promoting eco-innovation. While environmental dynamics was found to have a positive moderating effect on the relationship between normative pressure and eco-innovation, EC was revealed to have a moderating influence on the relationship between mimetic, normative pressure, and eco-innovation. In light of these seminal findings that have received little research attention, we propose policy, theoretical, and practical implications.
企业活动引发的日益严重的环境问题引起了学术界和发展专家对在不损害环境的情况下促进增长和发展的机制的关注。因此,关于生态创新的讨论已成为热门话题,但对这一主题的理解仍然缺乏。生态创新强调技术创新和环境保护的两重性,作为解决这两个目标之间内在紧张关系的长期解决方案。尽管如此,关于如何兼顾内部和外部因素提高生态创新绩效的研究却很少。认识到外部环境的动态性,本研究以制度理论为基础,探讨制度压力对生态创新的影响。我们采用横断面调查方法从155家企业中获取数据。结果表明,制度压力(规范性压力、模仿压力和强制性压力)和环境复杂性(EC)对生态创新具有积极的促进作用。环境动态对规范压力与生态创新之间的关系具有正向调节作用,而环境动态对模仿压力、规范压力与生态创新之间的关系具有正向调节作用。鉴于这些开创性的发现很少受到研究关注,我们提出了政策、理论和实践意义。
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引用次数: 0
The Evolution of the Australian Start-up and Innovation Ecosystem: Mapping Policy Developments, Key Actors, Activities, and Artefacts 澳大利亚创业和创新生态系统的演变:绘制政策发展、关键参与者、活动和工件
4区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2023-10-20 DOI: 10.1177/09717218231201878
D. Cetindamar, C. Renando, M. Bliemel, S. De Klerk
This study maps the evolution of the Australian start-up and innovation ecosystem by exploring policy developments and mapping the key actors, activities, and artefacts. This study unpacks policy developments over the past two decades to show the government’s role in shaping the innovation ecosystem and the implications for start-ups. We outline the ecosystem’s key actors, including start-ups, scale-ups, support organisations, investors, research institutions, and their growth over time. We examine the artefacts of the ecosystem to understand start-up and innovation performance in a global context. We also explore the activities of the ecosystem in terms of collaboration, research, and development. The study concludes with a discussion of policy gaps.
本研究通过探索政策发展和绘制关键参与者、活动和人工制品,描绘了澳大利亚创业和创新生态系统的演变。本研究分析了过去二十年的政策发展,展示了政府在塑造创新生态系统方面的作用及其对初创企业的影响。我们概述了生态系统的关键参与者,包括初创企业、规模扩大、支持组织、投资者、研究机构,以及它们随时间的增长。我们研究生态系统的人工制品,以了解全球背景下的创业和创新绩效。我们还在合作、研究和开发方面探索生态系统的活动。该研究最后讨论了政策差距。
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引用次数: 0
Book review: Silvia Casini (2021). Giving Bodies Back to Data: Image Makers, Bricolage, and Reinvention in Magnetic Resonance Technology 书评:西尔维娅·卡西尼(Silvia Casini)(2021)。把身体还给数据:磁共振技术中的图像制造者、拼贴和再发明
4区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2023-10-15 DOI: 10.1177/09717218231186106
Max Liljefors
Silvia Casini (2021). Giving Bodies Back to Data: Image Makers, Bricolage, and Reinvention in Magnetic Resonance Technology. MIT Press, 312 pp. ISBN: 9780262045292 (Hardback).
西尔维娅·卡西尼(2021)。把身体还给数据:磁共振技术中的图像制造者、拼贴和再发明。麻省理工学院出版社,312页。ISBN: 9780262045292(精装本)。
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引用次数: 0
Interview 面试
4区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2023-10-13 DOI: 10.1177/09717218231201940
Amit Prasad
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引用次数: 0
Adaptation in the Scientific Method: An Outline for Mutual Learning and Knowledge Co-production in Climate Science 科学方法中的适应:气候科学的相互学习和知识合作生产纲要
4区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.1177/09717218231197448
None Suresh Babu. GS
Climate change is taken as a new site of scientific inquiry across the disciplines against the backdrop of the global discourses of the crisis human society confronts today. Our inability to predict and forecast the future and the problems of climate change led to a theoretical vacuum and thereby burden on the scientific communities. Climate change-induced uncertainties manifested in the manifold and their implications on human society, livelihood and ecosystem have increasingly become the objects of analysis for devising empirical tools for field enquiry. It challenges the specificities while looking at the events of uncertainties in context. The new set of evidence on climate change has also redefined the role of the scientific community. This paper discusses climate-related events in the lives of people and the changes in the ecosystem and explores how such factors became an object of scientific inquiry. With the ideas of political ecology, the domain of scientific practices is transformed into an arena of co-production of knowledge in which place, social context and agencies become central. This study explores (1) how the scientific community adapted to outline an interdisciplinary research programme to systematically investigate and register climate-change-affected areas and (2) how the local people in Ladakh Himalaya have participated and reflected on the changing pattern of livelihood and ecosystem through this research enquiry. It has further complicated the analysis on nature-culture dialectics to adapt a robust scientific method to signify the importance of mutual learning and knowledge co-production in climate science.
气候变化被认为是跨学科的科学探究的新地点,反对人类社会今天面临的危机的全球话语的背景。我们无法预测和预测未来以及气候变化问题导致了理论真空,从而给科学界带来了负担。气候变化引起的各种不确定性及其对人类社会、生计和生态系统的影响日益成为设计实地调查经验工具的分析对象。它挑战了特殊性,同时着眼于背景中的不确定性事件。关于气候变化的新证据也重新定义了科学界的角色。本文讨论了人们生活中的气候相关事件和生态系统的变化,并探讨了这些因素如何成为科学探究的对象。有了政治生态学的思想,科学实践的领域被转变为一个共同生产知识的舞台,在这个舞台上,地方、社会背景和机构成为中心。本研究探讨了(1)科学界如何适应制定一个跨学科研究计划,以系统地调查和记录气候变化影响地区;(2)拉达克喜马拉雅地区的当地人如何通过研究调查参与并反思不断变化的生计和生态系统模式。用一种强有力的科学方法来表明气候科学中相互学习和知识合作生产的重要性,使自然-文化辩证法的分析进一步复杂化。
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引用次数: 0
Visions of Hungarian Artificial Intelligence Specialists About the Future of Work and Their Roles 匈牙利人工智能专家对未来工作及其角色的看法
4区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2023-09-18 DOI: 10.1177/09717218231186105
Ágnes Horváth, Lilla Vicsek
In an international context where social effects and ethics related to artificial intelligence (AI) are receiving more attention, there is a dearth of research about how AI specialists perceive the future of work and their role in bringing about the respective future. Does the fact that ethics and social issues are receiving more publicity impact AI specialists’ views? The current study advances knowledge about this issue by describing a deep qualitative investigation of the visions of AI developers and researchers in Hungary, a country on the semi-periphery concerning the development of these technologies. In recent years, social and ethical challenges linked to AI have been covered in the Hungarian media as well, although they are less of a hot topic than in some Western countries. The twenty AI specialist interviewees’ accounts were characterised by their perception of the current period as one of hype, expectations of a slow and limited amount of technological change, techno-optimism, as well as a distancing of responsibility. Notably, the change in the media climate does not appear to have affected their thinking: social consequences and ethical issues associated with technology were neglected in their accounts. Potential drivers of their views and the potential effects of the country context are discussed, as well as the consequences of the experts’ expectations and implications for AI research and development.
在与人工智能(AI)相关的社会影响和伦理受到越来越多关注的国际背景下,关于人工智能专家如何看待未来工作及其在实现各自未来中的作用的研究缺乏。伦理和社会问题受到更多宣传的事实是否会影响人工智能专家的观点?目前的研究通过描述对匈牙利的人工智能开发人员和研究人员的愿景进行深入的定性调查,提高了对这一问题的认识,匈牙利是一个半边缘国家,涉及这些技术的发展。近年来,匈牙利媒体也报道了与人工智能相关的社会和伦理挑战,尽管它们不像一些西方国家那样是一个热门话题。20位人工智能专家受访者的描述的特点是,他们认为当前时期是炒作、对缓慢而有限的技术变革的预期、技术乐观主义以及责任距离的时期。值得注意的是,媒体环境的变化似乎并没有影响他们的思维:与技术相关的社会后果和道德问题在他们的报道中被忽视了。讨论了他们观点的潜在驱动因素和国家背景的潜在影响,以及专家期望的后果和对人工智能研究和发展的影响。
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引用次数: 0
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Science Technology and Society
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