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The Shaping of Japanese Discourse on Nuclear Energy Technology in the Early Post-War Period 战后初期日本核能技术话语的形成
IF 2.1 4区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-10-02 DOI: 10.1177/09717218221125232
Jongmin Choi, Sun-Jin Yun
This article explores Japanese perceptions of nuclear technology from 1945 to 1956, the early stage of the introduction of nuclear technology, by using discourses of the government and of antinuclear civil movements. It is based on the theoretical framework that discourses construct social perceptions of science and technology. For this purpose, statements such as official documents of the Japanese government and declarations made by the antinuclear movement were used as main resources of analysis. This article finds that various technological aspects influenced the formation of the Japanese nuclear technological system. In addition, the Japanese government tried to keep open the possibility of developing nuclear weapons. It tried to justify its ‘peaceful use of nuclear power’ by portraying itself as the sole victim of nuclear weapons while hiding its intention to develop nuclear weapons. Moreover, the nuclear safety myth was formed at the beginning of the introduction of nuclear technology. As a result, we can see that in Japan, the nuclear safety myth was growing from the beginning of the introduction of nuclear technology amid a dichotomous understanding of good and bad uses of nuclear power and the desire to enter an advanced state of science and technology.
本文通过使用政府和反核民间运动的话语,探讨了1945年至1956年日本人对核技术的看法,这是核技术引入的早期阶段。话语建构科学技术的社会认知是基于理论框架的。为此,以日本政府的官方文件和反核运动宣言等声明为主要分析资料。本文认为,日本核技术体系的形成受到多方面技术因素的影响。此外,日本政府还试图保持开发核武器的可能性。它试图将自己描绘成核武器的唯一受害者,并试图掩盖其发展核武器的意图,从而为其“和平利用核能”辩护。此外,核安全神话是在引进核技术之初形成的。因此,我们可以看到,在日本,从引进核技术开始,在对核电的好坏理解和进入先进科学技术状态的愿望中,核安全神话就在不断增长。
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引用次数: 0
Hommage 致敬
IF 2.1 4区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-09-01 DOI: 10.1177/09717218221107427
J. Fournier
Roland WAAST, one of the main founders of our journal, died on the 11th of March 2022. Throughout his career, he was a researcher and then director of research at the Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD, formerly ORSTOM), a graduate of the prestigious École Polytechnique de Paris, and he also had a degree in Sociology (Paris-Sorbonne). This already shows the originality of our friend: in France, engineers from the École Polytechnique (a military school founded by Napoleon) usually continue their studies in what the French call a ‘Grande Ecole’, that is, a high-level school specialising in a branch of engineering sciences (mining, bridges and roads, electricity, etc.). However, Roland had chosen sociology, the
Roland WAAST,本刊的主要创始人之一,于2022年3月11日去世。在他的整个职业生涯中,他是一名研究员,然后是巴黎综合理工学院École的研究主任,他还拥有社会学学位(巴黎-索邦大学)。这已经显示了我们这位朋友的独创性:在法国,École Polytechnique(拿破仑创立的一所军事学校)的工程师通常在法国人所谓的“Grande Ecole”继续学习,即专门研究工程科学分支(采矿,桥梁和道路,电力等)的高级学校。然而,罗兰选择了社会学
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引用次数: 0
Impact of Energy Enterprise Exports on Technological Innovation: PSM Analysis Based on Chinese Industrial Enterprise Database 能源企业出口对技术创新的影响:基于中国工业企业数据库的PSM分析
IF 2.1 4区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-07-25 DOI: 10.1177/09717218221103849
Su Yi, Li Dan
Export is an important way to promote the innovation and growth of energy enterprises by learning new knowledge and technology. To explore the impact mechanism of energy enterprises’ export behaviour on technological innovation, this article uses the micro data of 8,548 energy enterprises in the Chinese Industrial Enterprise Database from 2004 to 2007 for propensity score matching analysis, from the two dimensions of technological innovation willingness and technological innovation capability. The empirical results show that (a) the export behaviour of energy enterprises has a significant promotion effect on the technological innovation willingness and capability of energy enterprises; export behaviour has a continuous promotion effect on the technological innovation willingness of energy enterprises, and this promotion effect has gradually increased. There is a time lag in the promotion effect of export behaviour on the technological innovation capability of energy enterprises, and this promotion effect is gradually increasing. (b) Compared with non-state-owned energy enterprises, export behaviours have a more immediate effect on the technological innovation willingness of state-owned energy enterprises; compared with small and medium-sized energy enterprises, export behaviours have a more positive impact on the technological innovation willingness and capabilities of large energy enterprises.
出口是能源企业通过学习新知识、新技术促进企业创新和成长的重要途径。为了探讨能源企业出口行为对技术创新的影响机制,本文从技术创新意愿和技术创新能力两个维度入手,利用2004 - 2007年中国工业企业数据库中8548家能源企业的微观数据进行倾向得分匹配分析。实证结果表明:(a)能源企业出口行为对能源企业技术创新意愿和能力有显著的促进作用;出口行为对能源企业技术创新意愿具有持续的促进作用,且这种促进作用逐渐增强。出口行为对能源企业技术创新能力的促进作用存在时滞,且这种促进作用呈逐渐增强的趋势。(b)与非国有能源企业相比,出口行为对国有能源企业技术创新意愿的影响更为直接;与中小能源企业相比,出口行为对大型能源企业技术创新意愿和能力的正向影响更为显著。
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引用次数: 6
Walking as Embodied Research: Coloniality, Climate Change, and the ‘Arts of Noticing’ 行走作为具体研究:殖民、气候变化和“注意的艺术”
IF 2.1 4区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-06-26 DOI: 10.1177/09717218221102416
N. Shepherd
‘Walking is the speed for noticing….’ In 2014, I began convening walking seminars together with the researcher Christian Ernsten and the documentary photographer Dirk-Jan Visser. Each seminar involves a mix of scholars, artists, curators and activists and results in various work: journal articles, musical scores, photographic essays, and creative non-fiction. This chapter sets out the thinking behind the walking seminars, drawing on a variety of sources: recent interventions in the environmental humanities, decolonial thinking and practice, arts-based research methods and ideas around embodied research and the senses. Not least, it draws on the long history of writing about walking as a way through which to engage the world and intervene in social scenarios. As we enter the ambiguous new epoch of the Anthropocene, and as familiar landscapes change and degrade, we need—more than ever—to pay attention, to notice, to take care. For scholars, this arguably involves leaving the ‘white cube’ of the seminar room for more materially involved and implicated forms of engagement with our research subjects. The humble, everyday act of walking offers one route towards such modes of engagement.
“走路是注意到....的速度“2014年,我开始与研究员克里斯蒂安·厄斯滕(Christian Ernsten)和纪实摄影师德克·扬·维瑟(Dirk-Jan Visser)一起召开步行研讨会。每次研讨会都有学者、艺术家、策展人和活动家参加,并产生各种各样的作品:期刊文章、乐谱、摄影文章和创造性的非小说类作品。本章阐述了步行研讨会背后的思想,借鉴了各种来源:最近对环境人文学科的干预、非殖民化的思想和实践、基于艺术的研究方法以及围绕具象研究和感官的想法。尤其重要的是,它借鉴了关于行走的悠久历史,将其作为一种参与世界和干预社会情景的方式。当我们进入模棱两可的人类世新时代,当我们熟悉的景观发生变化和退化时,我们比以往任何时候都更需要关注、注意和照顾。对于学者来说,这可能意味着离开研讨室的“白立方”,与我们的研究主题进行更实质性的接触。不起眼的日常行走行为为这种参与模式提供了一条途径。
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引用次数: 0
Postscript: Vaccine Crumbs and Science and Technology Studies 后记:疫苗屑与科学技术研究
IF 2.1 4区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-06-26 DOI: 10.1177/09717218221102502
A. Hofmänner
For many years, Science and Technology Studies (STS) scholars have had to make the case for the study of the interrelations of science, policy and society. By one stroke, the COVID-19 pandemic brought home this argument: topics at the heart of STS’s intellectual programme have occupied the public agenda and have spurred heated debates in politics, the media, and society. The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged the scientific community in unprecedented ways. Scientists have contributed their advice and expertise to pandemic response, they have influenced political and social decision making, and they have impacted people’s daily lives across the globe. More than ever, it appears, science’s powerful contributions warrant empirical, descriptive and analytical knowledge from the interdisciplinary field of STS. Indeed, this field of scholarship is likely to prosper in the aftermath of the pandemic. The pandemic, in turn, will leave its imprint on STS research and teaching. What will the next generation of STS scholarship look like? While the pandemic continues to ravage the globe, we currently have a brief historical window of opportunity to reflect upon the direction of our professional field and to consider routes ahead. Which topics are likely to receive STS attention? What concepts and methods will the STS community favour in addressing these topics? What will be the intellectual hallmarks of a post-pandemic STS programme?
多年来,科学技术研究(STS)的学者不得不为科学、政策和社会的相互关系的研究提出理由。COVID-19大流行一举证明了这一观点:STS知识计划的核心主题已经占据了公共议程,并引发了政治、媒体和社会的激烈辩论。2019冠状病毒病大流行给科学界带来了前所未有的挑战。科学家为应对大流行贡献了咨询意见和专业知识,影响了政治和社会决策,影响了全球人民的日常生活。科学的强大贡献似乎比以往任何时候都更需要STS跨学科领域的经验、描述和分析知识。事实上,这一学术领域很可能在大流行之后蓬勃发展。流感大流行反过来也会给STS的研究和教学留下印记。新一代STS奖学金将会是什么样子?在这一大流行病继续肆虐全球的同时,我们目前有一个短暂的历史机会窗口,可以反思我们专业领域的方向,并考虑今后的路线。哪些议题可能会受到STS的关注?在处理这些课题时,化粪池服务业界会赞成哪些概念和方法?大流行后STS规划的智力标志是什么?
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引用次数: 0
From Provincialisation to Decolonial Options: A Methodology of Infrastructural Genealogy 从地方化到非殖民化选择:基础设施谱系的方法论
IF 2.1 4区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-06-26 DOI: 10.1177/09717218221102893
A. Stingl
In this paper, the author proposes that for STS as a discipline to change and progress, and to generate opportunities when entering into a dialog with postcolonial and feminist studies and activism, as well opening itself to decolonial options, it must first conduct itself in acts of provincialization. To do so, a methodological challenge is proposed: Taking infrastructure seriously by understanding infrastructure as founded in and by cultural and knowledge labor. Taking inspiration from Chandra Mukerji and others, this methodological re-imagining is proposed in the form of cultural infrastructural genealogy.
在本文中,作者提出,STS作为一门学科要改变和进步,并在与后殖民和女权主义研究和行动主义进行对话时产生机会,并向非殖民化的选择开放,它必须首先采取地方化的行动。为此,提出了一个方法论挑战:通过理解文化和知识劳动中建立的基础设施,认真对待基础设施。从Chandra Mukerji和其他人那里获得灵感,这种方法论的重新想象以文化基础设施谱系的形式提出。
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引用次数: 1
Impermanence, Hybridity, Violence: Notes towards a Global Technology Studies 无常、混杂、暴力:全球技术研究的注解
IF 2.1 4区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-06-26 DOI: 10.1177/09717218221102596
Itty Abraham
This short essay explores some of the issues at stake when science and technology studies (STS) are situated within a global frame. Global, in this reading, is both historical and aspirational. As historical, it rejects the East-West dichotomy, insisting instead on one world as the outcome of multiple unequal and uneven world-making processes. As aspirational, to consider what a global STS would look like this essay imagines a world where technology studies were invented in the megacities of the Global South. At once it becomes clear that familiar concepts need revision: illegibility gets added to legibility, repair and dismantling join production and construction, permanence and impermanence occupy the same register of privilege. Making particular what had been considered general forces a reconsideration of the objects, methods, boundaries and histories of our studies. This is further demonstrated by a comparison of hybridity/isation as it is understood respectively in STS and post-colonial studies. What becomes apparent is the relative absence of violence as a core STS concept, notwithstanding its centrality in the making of the modern world. Going global exposes intellectual foundations STS scholars have been unable or unwilling to acknowledge; this alone makes the exercise productive and worthwhile.
这篇短文探讨了当科学技术研究(STS)处于全球框架中时,一些利害攸关的问题。在这种解读中,全球既具有历史意义,又具有理想意义。作为历史,它拒绝东西方二分法,而是坚持一个世界是多个不平等和不平衡的世界形成过程的结果。为了考虑全球STS的样子,这篇文章想象了一个世界,在这个世界里,技术研究是在全球南方的大城市发明的。很明显,熟悉的概念需要修改:不可读性被添加到可读性中,修理和拆除连接了生产和建设,永久和无常占据了相同的特权。把曾经被认为是一般的东西具体化,迫使我们重新思考我们研究的对象、方法、界限和历史。杂交/化的比较进一步证明了这一点,因为它分别在STS和后殖民研究中被理解。显而易见的是,尽管暴力在现代世界的形成中占据中心地位,但作为STS核心概念的暴力相对缺失。走向全球暴露了STS学者无法或不愿承认的知识基础;仅这一点就使练习富有成效且值得。
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引用次数: 0
Of Canals, Rivers and the Right to Exist: New (?) Methodological Tools for a Changed World 运河、河流与生存权:新(?)改变世界的方法论工具
IF 2.1 4区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-06-26 DOI: 10.1177/09717218221102613
G. S. Laveaga
What can a dying river teach us about post/de-colonial science and technology? In a post-COVID world, absence and loss will be a constant presence in the lives of most. While thinking with erasures and absence in science and technology studies is not new, our current moment pushes us to burrow deeper into the histories of technologies that produce manufactured empty space, examine histories that pushed groups to the fringes of documented memory and encourage us to ponder how we must deal with these moments. This essay examines what the Yaqui River and the history of the Yaqui in Sonora can teach us about historical erasures and new meanings in landscapes and waterways lost to agro-business.
关于后/去殖民时代的科技,一条垂死的河流能教给我们什么?在新冠肺炎疫情后的世界里,大多数人的生活中都将持续存在着缺失和损失。虽然在科学技术研究中思考擦除和缺失并不新鲜,但我们当前的时刻促使我们更深入地挖掘产生人造空白空间的技术历史,审视将群体推向记录记忆边缘的历史,并鼓励我们思考我们必须如何应对这些时刻。本文考察了雅基河和索诺拉雅基人的历史可以教给我们的关于历史的抹去和农业商业在景观和水道中失去的新意义。
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引用次数: 0
The Shifting Epistemological Horizon of the Pandemic 大流行的认识论视野的转变
IF 2.1 4区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-06-26 DOI: 10.1177/09717218221102928
Gennaro Ascione
The reaction to the pandemic has put in place some profound transformations. These transformations do not come entirely anew. They are rooted in the long-term process of oscillation between scientism and relativism. Yet, the fallout of the pandemic promises to work as a new global social regulatory system, different from the ones that predate it. Thereby, it preludes to a paradigmatic epistemological shift. I sketch out four dimensions of such a shift, which I refer to in terms of vectors, in order to emphasise the directional as well as orientational nature of such elements. A vector is a pattern of long-term and large-scale social change. It manifests as a historical configuration of power that organises the collective and individual activities of humans. The evolution of these four vectors designs trajectories of development. The four vectors of the shifting horizon of the pandemic are as follows: the normalisation of the colonial exception; the centrality of necro-politics as global technology of control; the displacement of uncertainty from the margin to the centre of the intersectional space between expert knowledge, political power and public opinion; the radicalisation of the word ‘theory’.
对这一流行病的反应已经实现了一些深刻的变革。这些转变并不完全是新的。它们的根源是在科学主义和相对主义之间长期摇摆的过程。然而,大流行的后果有望成为一种新的全球社会监管体系,与之前的体系不同。因此,它预示着一种范式认识论的转变。为了强调这些元素的方向性和方向性,我勾勒出了这种转变的四个维度,我用向量来指代。媒介是长期和大规模社会变革的模式。它表现为组织人类集体和个人活动的权力的历史配置。这四个向量的演变设计了发展轨迹。导致这一流行病发生变化的四个因素是:殖民例外的正常化;死亡政治作为全球控制技术的中心地位;在专家知识、政治权力和公众舆论的交叉空间中,不确定性从边缘转移到中心;“理论”这个词的激进化。
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引用次数: 0
Introduction: Interrogating STS at the Time of COVID 简介:询问STS在COVID时
IF 2.1 4区 管理学 Q3 MANAGEMENT Pub Date : 2022-06-26 DOI: 10.1177/09717218221102503
A. Prasad
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引用次数: 0
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