Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.24425/aee.2023.147423
D. A. H. Orla, P. I. P. Inczewski
: Current drive control systems tend to push control loops to the limits of their performance. One of the ways of doing so is to use advanced optimization algorithms, usually related to model-based off-line calculations, such as genetic algorithms, the particle swarm optimisation or the others. There is, however, a simpler way, namely to use predictive controlformalismandbyformulationofasimplelinearprogrammingproblemwhichiseasy to solve using powerful solvers, without excessive computational burden, what is a reliable solution, as whenever the optimization problem has a feasible solution, a global minimizer can be efficiently found. This approach has been deployed for a servo drive system operated by a real-time sampled-data controller, verified between model-in-the-loop and hardware-in-the-loop configurations, for a range of prediction horizons, as an attractive alternative to classical quadratic programming-related formulation of predictive control task.
{"title":"Deployment of a predictive-like optimal control law on a servo drive system using linear programming approach","authors":"D. A. H. Orla, P. I. P. Inczewski","doi":"10.24425/aee.2023.147423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aee.2023.147423","url":null,"abstract":": Current drive control systems tend to push control loops to the limits of their performance. One of the ways of doing so is to use advanced optimization algorithms, usually related to model-based off-line calculations, such as genetic algorithms, the particle swarm optimisation or the others. There is, however, a simpler way, namely to use predictive controlformalismandbyformulationofasimplelinearprogrammingproblemwhichiseasy to solve using powerful solvers, without excessive computational burden, what is a reliable solution, as whenever the optimization problem has a feasible solution, a global minimizer can be efficiently found. This approach has been deployed for a servo drive system operated by a real-time sampled-data controller, verified between model-in-the-loop and hardware-in-the-loop configurations, for a range of prediction horizons, as an attractive alternative to classical quadratic programming-related formulation of predictive control task.","PeriodicalId":45464,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Electrical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138591611","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.24425/aee.2023.147424
{"title":"Overview on topology identification technologies for a low-voltage distribution network","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/aee.2023.147424","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aee.2023.147424","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45464,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Electrical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138591826","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.24425/aee.2023.147427
IU Haol, Y. A. S. Ong, AI Chunlanb, E. Guofengh, IN Xiaojuy
: A novelty dual-stator brushless doubly-fed generator (DSBDFG) with magnetic-barrier rotor structure is put forward for application in wind power. Compared with a doubly-fed induction generator, the DSBDFG has virtues of high reliability and low maintenance costs because of elimination of brush and sliprings components. Therefore, the proposed structure has tremendous potential as a wind power generator to apply in wind power. According to the operating principle of electric machine, the DSBDFG is studied in wind power application. At first, the topology, the winding connecting, the rotor structure, the power flow chart of different operating models and the variable speed capability of electric machine are discussed and analyzed. Then, a 50 kW DSBDFG is designed. Based on the principal dimension of the design electric machine, the electromagnetic characteristics of the DSBDFG with different running modes are analyzed and calculated to adopt the numerical method. From the result, it meets the requests of electromagnetic consistency and winding connecting in the design electric machine. Meanwhile, it confirms the proposed DSBDFG has the strong ability of speed regulation
{"title":"A dual-stator brushless doubly-fed generator for wind power application","authors":"IU Haol, Y. A. S. Ong, AI Chunlanb, E. Guofengh, IN Xiaojuy","doi":"10.24425/aee.2023.147427","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aee.2023.147427","url":null,"abstract":": A novelty dual-stator brushless doubly-fed generator (DSBDFG) with magnetic-barrier rotor structure is put forward for application in wind power. Compared with a doubly-fed induction generator, the DSBDFG has virtues of high reliability and low maintenance costs because of elimination of brush and sliprings components. Therefore, the proposed structure has tremendous potential as a wind power generator to apply in wind power. According to the operating principle of electric machine, the DSBDFG is studied in wind power application. At first, the topology, the winding connecting, the rotor structure, the power flow chart of different operating models and the variable speed capability of electric machine are discussed and analyzed. Then, a 50 kW DSBDFG is designed. Based on the principal dimension of the design electric machine, the electromagnetic characteristics of the DSBDFG with different running modes are analyzed and calculated to adopt the numerical method. From the result, it meets the requests of electromagnetic consistency and winding connecting in the design electric machine. Meanwhile, it confirms the proposed DSBDFG has the strong ability of speed regulation","PeriodicalId":45464,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Electrical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138593389","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-07DOI: 10.24425/aee.2023.147420
P. A. P. I. o, B. R. T. O. o, A. N. W. A. o
: Dynamic characteristics for three types of railgun constructions were simulated and measured in this work. The simplest construction is the iron-less (IL) railgun, while the two other ones (IC and ICPM) have an iron-core. The iron-core permanent magnet (ICPM) railgun additionally has permanent magnets. To compare their characteristics, similar dimensions of the rails and iron cores were adopted, and the same power supply system was used. Numerical magnetic field analyses and our analytical models have been used to determine the electromagnetic parameters. They were verified experimentally. The transient states of the railguns were studied with our field-circuit mathematical model, and their results were also verified by experiments.
{"title":"Characteristics simulations of the electrodynamic railgun different constructions and their measurement verification","authors":"P. A. P. I. o, B. R. T. O. o, A. N. W. A. o","doi":"10.24425/aee.2023.147420","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aee.2023.147420","url":null,"abstract":": Dynamic characteristics for three types of railgun constructions were simulated and measured in this work. The simplest construction is the iron-less (IL) railgun, while the two other ones (IC and ICPM) have an iron-core. The iron-core permanent magnet (ICPM) railgun additionally has permanent magnets. To compare their characteristics, similar dimensions of the rails and iron cores were adopted, and the same power supply system was used. Numerical magnetic field analyses and our analytical models have been used to determine the electromagnetic parameters. They were verified experimentally. The transient states of the railguns were studied with our field-circuit mathematical model, and their results were also verified by experiments.","PeriodicalId":45464,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Electrical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.3,"publicationDate":"2023-12-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138591255","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.141680
: Suspension line insulators are during their operation subject to static forces and variable loads, usually of a cyclic character. These variable loads have a significant impact on the mechanical durability of composite insulators. A method of providing durability forecast for composite line insulators based on fatigue characteristics has been proposed. The method allows providing durability forecast of insulators in a wide range of variable loadings, i
{"title":"Durability forecast of long rod composite insulators operating under variable mechanical loading conditions","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/aee.2022.141680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aee.2022.141680","url":null,"abstract":": Suspension line insulators are during their operation subject to static forces and variable loads, usually of a cyclic character. These variable loads have a significant impact on the mechanical durability of composite insulators. A method of providing durability forecast for composite line insulators based on fatigue characteristics has been proposed. The method allows providing durability forecast of insulators in a wide range of variable loadings, i","PeriodicalId":45464,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Electrical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135636022","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.141672
Juntao Cui, Zhao Li, Ping He, Zhijie Gong, Jie Dong
: This paper proposes an electromechanical transient method to build a battery energy storage system-based virtual synchronous generator model, suitable for a large-scale grid. This model consists of virtual synchronous generator control, system limitation and the model interface. The equations of a second-order synchronous machine, the characteristics of charging/discharging power, state of charge, operating efficiency, dead band and inverter limits are also considered. By equipping the energy storage converter into an approximate synchronous voltage source with an excitation system and speed regulation system, the necessary inertia and damping characteristics are provided for the renewable energy power system with low inertia and weak damping. Based on the node current injection method by the power system analysis software package (PSASP), the control model is built to study the influence of different energy storage systems. A study on the impact of renewable energy unit fluctuation on frequency and the active power of the IEEE 4-machine 2-area system is selected for simulation verification. Through reasonable control and flexible allocation of energy storage plants, a stable and friendly frequency environment can be created for power systems with high-penetration renewable energy.
{"title":"Electromechanical transient modeling of energy storage based on virtual synchronous machine technology","authors":"Juntao Cui, Zhao Li, Ping He, Zhijie Gong, Jie Dong","doi":"10.24425/aee.2022.141672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aee.2022.141672","url":null,"abstract":": This paper proposes an electromechanical transient method to build a battery energy storage system-based virtual synchronous generator model, suitable for a large-scale grid. This model consists of virtual synchronous generator control, system limitation and the model interface. The equations of a second-order synchronous machine, the characteristics of charging/discharging power, state of charge, operating efficiency, dead band and inverter limits are also considered. By equipping the energy storage converter into an approximate synchronous voltage source with an excitation system and speed regulation system, the necessary inertia and damping characteristics are provided for the renewable energy power system with low inertia and weak damping. Based on the node current injection method by the power system analysis software package (PSASP), the control model is built to study the influence of different energy storage systems. A study on the impact of renewable energy unit fluctuation on frequency and the active power of the IEEE 4-machine 2-area system is selected for simulation verification. Through reasonable control and flexible allocation of energy storage plants, a stable and friendly frequency environment can be created for power systems with high-penetration renewable energy.","PeriodicalId":45464,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Electrical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135584706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.141679
: Large synchronous generators are of high importance for the stability of power systems. They generate the frequency of the system and stabilize it in case of severe grid faults like trips of large in-feeders or loads. In distributed energy systems, in-feed via inverters will replace this generation in large parts. Modern inverters are capable of supporting grid frequency during severe faults by different means on the one hand. On the other hand, higher Rates of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) after incidents need to be accustomed by future systems. To be able to analyse the RoCoF withstand capability of synchronous or induction generators, suitable models need to be developed. Especially the control and excitation system model need enhancements compared to models proposed in standards like IEEE Std 421.5. This paper elaborates on the necessary modelling depth and validates the approach with example results.
{"title":"Modelling of synchronous generators for the analysis of frequency transients above 1 Hz/s","authors":"","doi":"10.24425/aee.2022.141679","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aee.2022.141679","url":null,"abstract":": Large synchronous generators are of high importance for the stability of power systems. They generate the frequency of the system and stabilize it in case of severe grid faults like trips of large in-feeders or loads. In distributed energy systems, in-feed via inverters will replace this generation in large parts. Modern inverters are capable of supporting grid frequency during severe faults by different means on the one hand. On the other hand, higher Rates of Change of Frequency (RoCoF) after incidents need to be accustomed by future systems. To be able to analyse the RoCoF withstand capability of synchronous or induction generators, suitable models need to be developed. Especially the control and excitation system model need enhancements compared to models proposed in standards like IEEE Std 421.5. This paper elaborates on the necessary modelling depth and validates the approach with example results.","PeriodicalId":45464,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Electrical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135637122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.141673
Yang Li, Przemysław Janik, Harald Schwarz, Klaus Pfeiffer
: This paper provides a method for simplified description of a regional power grid model aimed to deliver a grid reduction, and improve grid performance observability. The derived power grid model can be used to analyze the regional allocation of the decentralized energy generation and consumption. The expansion of wind and solar generation in the power system affects the residual load. The power balance between electricity consumption and generation was calculated and analyzed based on the temporal and spatial scales. The proposed grid clustering method is a useful approach for performance analysis in systems with a growing share of renewable generation.
{"title":"Proposal of a regional grid cluster model for analysis of electrical power network performance","authors":"Yang Li, Przemysław Janik, Harald Schwarz, Klaus Pfeiffer","doi":"10.24425/aee.2022.141673","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aee.2022.141673","url":null,"abstract":": This paper provides a method for simplified description of a regional power grid model aimed to deliver a grid reduction, and improve grid performance observability. The derived power grid model can be used to analyze the regional allocation of the decentralized energy generation and consumption. The expansion of wind and solar generation in the power system affects the residual load. The power balance between electricity consumption and generation was calculated and analyzed based on the temporal and spatial scales. The proposed grid clustering method is a useful approach for performance analysis in systems with a growing share of renewable generation.","PeriodicalId":45464,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Electrical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135544644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-06DOI: 10.24425/aee.2022.141683
Jin Li, Mai Lu
: The objective of this work is to evaluate the safety of adult and child passengers exposed to a radio frequency (RF) source, i.e., a leaky coaxial cable (LCX) on the subway platform. An adult model, a child model, and a LCX model have been numerically designed in COMSOL Multiphysics software. The distributions of the induced electric field ( E -field), specific absorption rate (SAR), magnetic field ( H -field) and the head temperature increase in adult and child passenger models were calculated at 900 MHz. The induced fields in the passengers were compared with that without screen doors. The results show that the E -field, SAR and H -field in the whole body of the child are 2 . 00 × 10 − 2 V/m, 1 . 07 × 10 − 7 W/kg, and 2 . 94 × 10 − 4 A/m, respectively. The E -field, SAR and H -field in the central nervous system of the child are 1 . 00 × 10 − 2 V/m, 2 . 44 × 10 − 8 W/kg, and 2 . 41 × 10 − 4 A/m, respectively. The maximum values of the E -field, SAR and H -field in the adult passenger are 1.49–2.34 times higher than those of the child. The E -field, SAR, and H -field in the passenger models without a screen door are larger than those with a screen door. The screen door has a partial shielding effect on the RF electromagnetic field. The values of the maximum temperature that increases in adult and child head tissue are 0.2114 and 0.2111 ◦ C after waiting 6 minutes exposure, respectively. All calculated results are well below the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) limits for general public exposure, indicating that RF electromagnetic exposure caused by the LCX on the subway platform is not a threat to passenger’s health.
{"title":"Safety assessment of electromagnetic exposure for adult and child passengers standing on the subway platform","authors":"Jin Li, Mai Lu","doi":"10.24425/aee.2022.141683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24425/aee.2022.141683","url":null,"abstract":": The objective of this work is to evaluate the safety of adult and child passengers exposed to a radio frequency (RF) source, i.e., a leaky coaxial cable (LCX) on the subway platform. An adult model, a child model, and a LCX model have been numerically designed in COMSOL Multiphysics software. The distributions of the induced electric field ( E -field), specific absorption rate (SAR), magnetic field ( H -field) and the head temperature increase in adult and child passenger models were calculated at 900 MHz. The induced fields in the passengers were compared with that without screen doors. The results show that the E -field, SAR and H -field in the whole body of the child are 2 . 00 × 10 − 2 V/m, 1 . 07 × 10 − 7 W/kg, and 2 . 94 × 10 − 4 A/m, respectively. The E -field, SAR and H -field in the central nervous system of the child are 1 . 00 × 10 − 2 V/m, 2 . 44 × 10 − 8 W/kg, and 2 . 41 × 10 − 4 A/m, respectively. The maximum values of the E -field, SAR and H -field in the adult passenger are 1.49–2.34 times higher than those of the child. The E -field, SAR, and H -field in the passenger models without a screen door are larger than those with a screen door. The screen door has a partial shielding effect on the RF electromagnetic field. The values of the maximum temperature that increases in adult and child head tissue are 0.2114 and 0.2111 ◦ C after waiting 6 minutes exposure, respectively. All calculated results are well below the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) limits for general public exposure, indicating that RF electromagnetic exposure caused by the LCX on the subway platform is not a threat to passenger’s health.","PeriodicalId":45464,"journal":{"name":"Archives of Electrical Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135545568","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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