Pub Date : 2021-04-19DOI: 10.14434/IJES.V3I1.31905
A. Drobniak
Concerns about climate change, energy security, and the diversification of energy supplies have made renewable resources increasingly more attractive and important sources of energy. As interest grows, bioenergy (energy from bio-based sources) is becoming more environmentally friendly and economically viable and has started to play a more prominent role in the global energy mix. In this changing market, wood pellets have emerged as a sustainable source of power with the potential to become a mainstream fuel in the future energy market. Pellets are currently the most economical way of converting biomass into fuel, and they are a fast-growing component of the energy sector. Pellets can be made from various types of biomass including industrial waste and co-products, food waste, agricultural residues, and virgin lumber, which are compressed under high pressure. Among these, wood pellets are the most common, and they generally are made from raw trees, wood shavings, compacted sawdust, industrial wastes from the milling of lumber, manufacture of wood products and furniture, and construction. The wood pellets available on the market are sold as fuel (heating and grilling) or as absorbents for animal bedding. But while the wood pellets are a fast-growing component of the energy sector and important tool in fight with global warming, it is important to understand influence of wood pellet quality on combustion emissions, and how their usage impacts human health and environment. Thanks to wood pellet industry efforts, especially in the North America and European Union, many of the wood pellets follow rigorous production procedures, and certification. However, there are still some manufacturers that do not use the same production scrutiny, which can result in poorer quality of their pellets. Our research show that in some extreme cases these uncertified wood pellets contain more than 20 percent of impurities. While some of those contaminants are so big that can be visible even without microscope the majority of the contaminants are of micrometer size and can be detected and identify only under a microscope. While the current standards test the quality of pellets based on a variety of physical and chemical properties, some impurities in pellets (glass, plastic, metal, ceramics, coal, and coke) are not easily identified this way. Our research shows that reflected light microscopy can be successfully used to identify and quantify those contaminants. Although reflected light microscopy technique is a well-known and widely used method allowing examination of various materials, this is a novel application for pellet fuels.
{"title":"Photomicrogrph Atlas of Wood Pellet Components","authors":"A. Drobniak","doi":"10.14434/IJES.V3I1.31905","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14434/IJES.V3I1.31905","url":null,"abstract":"Concerns about climate change, energy security, and the diversification of energy supplies have made renewable resources increasingly more attractive and important sources of energy. As interest grows, bioenergy (energy from bio-based sources) is becoming more environmentally friendly and economically viable and has started to play a more prominent role in the global energy mix. In this changing market, wood pellets have emerged as a sustainable source of power with the potential to become a mainstream fuel in the future energy market.\u0000Pellets are currently the most economical way of converting biomass into fuel, and they are a fast-growing component of the energy sector. Pellets can be made from various types of biomass including industrial waste and co-products, food waste, agricultural residues, and virgin lumber, which are compressed under high pressure. Among these, wood pellets are the most common, and they generally are made from raw trees, wood shavings, compacted sawdust, industrial wastes from the milling of lumber, manufacture of wood products and furniture, and construction. The wood pellets available on the market are sold as fuel (heating and grilling) or as absorbents for animal bedding.\u0000But while the wood pellets are a fast-growing component of the energy sector and important tool in fight with global warming, it is important to understand influence of wood pellet quality on combustion emissions, and how their usage impacts human health and environment.\u0000Thanks to wood pellet industry efforts, especially in the North America and European Union, many of the wood pellets follow rigorous production procedures, and certification. However, there are still some manufacturers that do not use the same production scrutiny, which can result in poorer quality of their pellets. Our research show that in some extreme cases these uncertified wood pellets contain more than 20 percent of impurities. While some of those contaminants are so big that can be visible even without microscope the majority of the contaminants are of micrometer size and can be detected and identify only under a microscope.\u0000While the current standards test the quality of pellets based on a variety of physical and chemical properties, some impurities in pellets (glass, plastic, metal, ceramics, coal, and coke) are not easily identified this way. Our research shows that reflected light microscopy can be successfully used to identify and quantify those contaminants. Although reflected light microscopy technique is a well-known and widely used method allowing examination of various materials, this is a novel application for pellet fuels.","PeriodicalId":45480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Embedded Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48795189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-07DOI: 10.14434/IJES.V3I1.30782
L. Florea, A. Kuban
Water Quality Indiana is a learning platform that leverages collaborations, community partnerships, and active mentorship of transdisciplinary student cohorts. Since 2013, this platform has engaged teams of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and communication and media students to investigate water quality in east central Indiana (since expanded to other domestic and international locations) in an experiential problem-based learning environment. For community partners, Water Quality Indiana provides scientific data, analysis, and multimedia deliverables about water quality, and it has a successful record of finding solutions to real-world problems. From the point of view of faculty, project deliverables enhance several aspects of a faculty portfolio. For student participants, the goal is to increase metacognition, civic engagement, and confidence in processes associated with STEM and media studies, and, therefore, the transdisciplinary skills required in an increasingly competitive workforce. Assessing learning artifacts (e.g., assignment, quizzes, or other evaluative metrics) reveals a cognitive dissonance between metacognition and accuracy in declarative knowledge related to topics in water quality—student scores did not increase in posttest data despite an increased confidence in selected answers. In contrast, pretest and posttest results, synthesis reports, and focus group data suggest that confidence in procedural knowledge in both water quality and media production significantly increased by the end of the course. Students cited time constraints imposed by academic calendars and project deadlines as a limitation of the learning environment. Course data reveal differences based on academic background and gender: 1) media studies majors became more confident in their multimedia skills, while STEM majors became less confident; 2) note-taking style and detail is more organized and meticulous for female and STEM students compared to male and media studies counterparts.
{"title":"Trans-Disciplinary Pedagogy for Science and Journalism Majors Linking Water Resource Information to Communities","authors":"L. Florea, A. Kuban","doi":"10.14434/IJES.V3I1.30782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14434/IJES.V3I1.30782","url":null,"abstract":"Water Quality Indiana is a learning platform that leverages collaborations, community partnerships, and active mentorship of transdisciplinary student cohorts. Since 2013, this platform has engaged teams of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) and communication and media students to investigate water quality in east central Indiana (since expanded to other domestic and international locations) in an experiential problem-based learning environment. For community partners, Water Quality Indiana provides scientific data, analysis, and multimedia deliverables about water quality, and it has a successful record of finding solutions to real-world problems. From the point of view of faculty, project deliverables enhance several aspects of a faculty portfolio. For student participants, the goal is to increase metacognition, civic engagement, and confidence in processes associated with STEM and media studies, and, therefore, the transdisciplinary skills required in an increasingly competitive workforce. Assessing learning artifacts (e.g., assignment, quizzes, or other evaluative metrics) reveals a cognitive dissonance between metacognition and accuracy in declarative knowledge related to topics in water quality—student scores did not increase in posttest data despite an increased confidence in selected answers. In contrast, pretest and posttest results, synthesis reports, and focus group data suggest that confidence in procedural knowledge in both water quality and media production significantly increased by the end of the course. Students cited time constraints imposed by academic calendars and project deadlines as a limitation of the learning environment. Course data reveal differences based on academic background and gender: 1) media studies majors became more confident in their multimedia skills, while STEM majors became less confident; 2) note-taking style and detail is more organized and meticulous for female and STEM students compared to male and media studies counterparts.","PeriodicalId":45480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Embedded Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47633809","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-07DOI: 10.14434/IJES.V3I1.31742
R. Rupp, Donald C. Tripp, Henry M. Loope, J. Antinao, Matthew R. Johnson, T. Nash, Tyler A. Norris
This map provides updated bedrock topography for the eastern extent of the Lafayette Bedrock Valley System in Indiana.
这张地图提供了印第安纳州拉斐特基岩谷系统东部范围的最新基岩地形。
{"title":"Bedrock Topography of the Berne, Domestic, Geneva, and Willshire 7.5-Minute Quadrangles, Indiana-Ohio","authors":"R. Rupp, Donald C. Tripp, Henry M. Loope, J. Antinao, Matthew R. Johnson, T. Nash, Tyler A. Norris","doi":"10.14434/IJES.V3I1.31742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14434/IJES.V3I1.31742","url":null,"abstract":"This map provides updated bedrock topography for the eastern extent of the Lafayette Bedrock Valley System in Indiana.","PeriodicalId":45480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Embedded Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46659291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-07DOI: 10.14434/IJES.V3I1.31637
P. McLaughlin, A. Bancroft, Matthew R. Johnson
This is a map. It has an introduction, but no abstract.
这是一张地图。它有引言，但没有摘要。
{"title":"Bedrock Geology of the Southern Half of the Knox 30- x 60-Minute Quadrangle, Indiana","authors":"P. McLaughlin, A. Bancroft, Matthew R. Johnson","doi":"10.14434/IJES.V3I1.31637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14434/IJES.V3I1.31637","url":null,"abstract":"This is a map. It has an introduction, but no abstract.","PeriodicalId":45480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Embedded Systems","volume":"3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42249835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-07DOI: 10.14434/IJES.V3I1.31283
J. Thomka, T. Bantel
A noteworthy specimen recording a syn vivo interaction between a stalked echinoderm and a tabulate coral is described herein from the middle Silurian (Wenlock Series, Sheinwoodian Stage) Massie Formation of Ripley County, southeastern Indiana. Part of the column of the camerate crinoid Eucalyptocrinites Goldfuss, 1831 is encrusted around the entirety of its lateral margin by a favositid colony. The radially outward orientation of corallites of the colony show that the coral was elevated completely above the seafloor and, more importantly, that the crinoid column had to be vertical at the time of initial encrustation and subsequent coral astogeny. Hence, the crinoid host was most likely alive throughout the duration of this interaction. No evidence for a paleopathological reaction is present on the crinoid column, suggesting that the encruster did not adversely affect the host. This most likely reflects the long and inflexible column of Eucalyptocrinites, which could have supported encrusting secondarily tiered organisms—even relatively heavy ones—without interfering with the biological functions of the crown or weighing down the column.
{"title":"Paleoecological Significance of a Pre-Mortem Crinoid-Coral Interaction from the Silurian of Southeastern Indiana","authors":"J. Thomka, T. Bantel","doi":"10.14434/IJES.V3I1.31283","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14434/IJES.V3I1.31283","url":null,"abstract":"A noteworthy specimen recording a syn vivo interaction between a stalked echinoderm and a tabulate coral is described herein from the middle Silurian (Wenlock Series, Sheinwoodian Stage) Massie Formation of Ripley County, southeastern Indiana. Part of the column of the camerate crinoid Eucalyptocrinites Goldfuss, 1831 is encrusted around the entirety of its lateral margin by a favositid colony. The radially outward orientation of corallites of the colony show that the coral was elevated completely above the seafloor and, more importantly, that the crinoid column had to be vertical at the time of initial encrustation and subsequent coral astogeny. Hence, the crinoid host was most likely alive throughout the duration of this interaction. No evidence for a paleopathological reaction is present on the crinoid column, suggesting that the encruster did not adversely affect the host. This most likely reflects the long and inflexible column of Eucalyptocrinites, which could have supported encrusting secondarily tiered organisms—even relatively heavy ones—without interfering with the biological functions of the crown or weighing down the column.","PeriodicalId":45480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Embedded Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47411696","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-07DOI: 10.14434/IJES.V3I1.31698
J. Antinao, R. Rupp
The Quaternary Geology of the eastern South Bend 30- x 60-Minute Quadrangle in Indiana represents landforms and near-surface sediments deposited during the Wisconsin Episode, Late Pleistocene. Sediments and landforms reflect the interplay between the Saginaw and Michigan Lobes of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. A relatively shallow, buried pre-Wisconsin and mid-Wisconsin morphology has been overridden by advances leading to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), ca. 24 ka. Between 24 and 17 ka, retreating ice fronts from the Michigan Lobe left a succession of ice-contact sediment ramps and associated pitted and collapsed fan-moraine complexes throughout the south and west of the map area. A sequence of stacked diamicton and sand and gravel fan heads appears at the hinged interlobate area north and northeast of South Bend. Ice margin positions are marked by distinct features like fans, kames and ice-walled lake plains, which are well developed on Michigan Lobe margins. The thicker glaciofluvial sand and gravel packages appear mostly interbedded with diamicton beds along fan heads, with relatively minor deposits in valley train units. Lowlands are mostly occupied by post-LGM (ca. 18 ka) valley-train outwash deposits, with interpreted flow toward the south and west, derived from an ice margin retreating first from south to north, near Mishawaka, then from southeast to northwest across the Kankakee valley. Sand and gravel colluvial and alluvial fans developed in a short span after ice retreated, along with incision of the ice-sculpted morphology. Late-glacial aeolian sand dunes sealed the landscape. Relatively minor modification of the landscape during the Holocene is indicated by alluvial and palustrine deposits.
印第安纳州南本德东部30 x 60分钟象限的第四纪地质代表了晚更新世威斯康星期沉积的地貌和近地表沉积物。沉积物和地貌反映了劳伦蒂德冰盖的萨吉诺和密歇根叶之间的相互作用。相对较浅、埋藏较深的威斯康辛州前和威斯康辛州中部形态已被导致最后一次冰川盛期（LGM）的进展所覆盖，约24ka。在24至17 ka之间，密歇根Lobe的退缩冰锋在地图区域的南部和西部留下了一系列与冰接触的沉积物斜坡以及相关的坑坑洼洼和坍塌的扇冰碛复合体。在南本德北部和东北部的铰接叶间区域，出现了一系列叠置的金刚石和砂砾石扇头。冰缘位置以独特的特征为标志，如扇、沼泽和冰壁湖平原，它们在密歇根Lobe边缘发育良好。较厚的冰川河砂和砾石包裹主要与扇头沿线的金刚石层互层，在河谷序列单元中有相对较小的沉积物。低地主要被后LGM（约18 ka）山谷的火车外冲沉积物所占据，据解释，流向南部和西部，源于冰缘，先从南向北，靠近米沙瓦卡，然后从东南向西北穿过坎卡基山谷。随着冰雕形态的切割，崩积扇和冲积扇在冰退后的短时间内发育。冰川晚期的风成沙丘封闭了这片土地。全新世期间，冲积层和沼泽沉积表明景观发生了相对较小的变化。
{"title":"Quaternary Geology of the Indiana Portion of the Eastern Extent of the South Bend 30- x 60-Minute Quadrangle","authors":"J. Antinao, R. Rupp","doi":"10.14434/IJES.V3I1.31698","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14434/IJES.V3I1.31698","url":null,"abstract":"The Quaternary Geology of the eastern South Bend 30- x 60-Minute Quadrangle in Indiana represents landforms and near-surface sediments deposited during the Wisconsin Episode, Late Pleistocene. Sediments and landforms reflect the interplay between the Saginaw and Michigan Lobes of the Laurentide Ice Sheet. A relatively shallow, buried pre-Wisconsin and mid-Wisconsin morphology has been overridden by advances leading to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), ca. 24 ka. Between 24 and 17 ka, retreating ice fronts from the Michigan Lobe left a succession of ice-contact sediment ramps and associated pitted and collapsed fan-moraine complexes throughout the south and west of the map area. A sequence of stacked diamicton and sand and gravel fan heads appears at the hinged interlobate area north and northeast of South Bend. Ice margin positions are marked by distinct features like fans, kames and ice-walled lake plains, which are well developed on Michigan Lobe margins. The thicker glaciofluvial sand and gravel packages appear mostly interbedded with diamicton beds along fan heads, with relatively minor deposits in valley train units. Lowlands are mostly occupied by post-LGM (ca. 18 ka) valley-train outwash deposits, with interpreted flow toward the south and west, derived from an ice margin retreating first from south to north, near Mishawaka, then from southeast to northwest across the Kankakee valley. Sand and gravel colluvial and alluvial fans developed in a short span after ice retreated, along with incision of the ice-sculpted morphology. Late-glacial aeolian sand dunes sealed the landscape. Relatively minor modification of the landscape during the Holocene is indicated by alluvial and palustrine deposits.","PeriodicalId":45480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Embedded Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49136470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-06DOI: 10.1108/IJES-03-2020-0011
Charlotte Huard, Andrée-Ann Deschênes, Charlie Rioux
PurposeThe main purpose of this research is to establish the relationships between emotional self-efficacy and workplace psychological health for emergency dispatchers.Design/methodology/approachA correlational design was used to validate results of the study. Between December 2018 and February 2019, a secure online questionnaire was sent to dispatchers through four emergency call centers. Participation was voluntary. A total of 257 emergency dispatchers participated in this study. Gilbert et al.’s (2011) scale of workplace psychological health and Deschênes et al.’s (2019) scale of emotional self-efficacy were used. Multiple linear regression and Pearson's correlation tests were run using the SPSS 25 program in order to establish relationships between the two variables.FindingsA total of three emotional competencies positively affect workplace psychological well-being (PWB), i.e. self-efficacy beliefs on managing one's own emotions, on managing other people' emotions and on using one's own emotions. As regards to psychological distress (PD), it is negatively correlated to self-efficacy beliefs on managing and using one's own emotions.Research limitations/implicationsOne of the study's theoretical contributions is to broaden the scientific knowledge of emergency service dispatching, in addition to opening up a new field of study in workplace people management.Practical implicationsThese scientific findings therefore show the importance of emotional self-efficacy in the workplace. The manager or the dispatch leader should focus on developing the following three emotional skills: self-efficacy in managing emotions, managing the emotions felt by others and using emotions. Training allowing the development of these emotional skills should be considered and would be beneficial for emergency dispatchers to maximize their well-being at work.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, no other study has focused on emergency dispatchers and included the emotional self-efficacy and workplace mental health variables.
{"title":"Emotional self-efficacy and workplace psychological health in emergency dispatchers","authors":"Charlotte Huard, Andrée-Ann Deschênes, Charlie Rioux","doi":"10.1108/IJES-03-2020-0011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1108/IJES-03-2020-0011","url":null,"abstract":"PurposeThe main purpose of this research is to establish the relationships between emotional self-efficacy and workplace psychological health for emergency dispatchers.Design/methodology/approachA correlational design was used to validate results of the study. Between December 2018 and February 2019, a secure online questionnaire was sent to dispatchers through four emergency call centers. Participation was voluntary. A total of 257 emergency dispatchers participated in this study. Gilbert et al.’s (2011) scale of workplace psychological health and Deschênes et al.’s (2019) scale of emotional self-efficacy were used. Multiple linear regression and Pearson's correlation tests were run using the SPSS 25 program in order to establish relationships between the two variables.FindingsA total of three emotional competencies positively affect workplace psychological well-being (PWB), i.e. self-efficacy beliefs on managing one's own emotions, on managing other people' emotions and on using one's own emotions. As regards to psychological distress (PD), it is negatively correlated to self-efficacy beliefs on managing and using one's own emotions.Research limitations/implicationsOne of the study's theoretical contributions is to broaden the scientific knowledge of emergency service dispatching, in addition to opening up a new field of study in workplace people management.Practical implicationsThese scientific findings therefore show the importance of emotional self-efficacy in the workplace. The manager or the dispatch leader should focus on developing the following three emotional skills: self-efficacy in managing emotions, managing the emotions felt by others and using emotions. Training allowing the development of these emotional skills should be considered and would be beneficial for emergency dispatchers to maximize their well-being at work.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, no other study has focused on emergency dispatchers and included the emotional self-efficacy and workplace mental health variables.","PeriodicalId":45480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Embedded Systems","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48311294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.52547/IJETHICS.3.1.24
Nasrin Nejati, Alireza Maetoofi, A. F. Mahalli, R. Ghaffari
Background: As societies have become more complicated to manage, it is already unavoidable for governments to evaluate public policies. Moreover, adherence to professional ethics is an important criterion in evaluations. Therefore, the present research sought to provide a model for public policy evaluation based on the aspects of professional ethics. Method: The approach of the present study was mixed (qualitativequantitative) and in terms of purpose it was applicable research. In the qualitative section, participants included academic experts and governorate experts of Golestan province, 14 of whom were selected by purposive sampling. The research tool was semistructured interviews and coding method was used to analyze the data. In the quantitative part, the statistical population was the managers and experts of the governorate and governorates (630 people) that the sample size was 248 people and the sampling method was random. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on qualitative findings. Friedman statistical test with Spss26 software was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that from the experts' point of view, 6 main themes (quality of effective evaluators in policy, ethical nature of policy, how policy is implemented, factors related to economic planning, openness and accountability and attention to structural issues) and 19 components in public policy evaluation model emphasizing the quality of the dimensions of professional ethics in the governorates of the country. Quantitative results showed that the ethical nature of the policy was the most important component of the general policy evaluation model with emphasis on professional ethics (M = 5.23). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the public policy evaluation model with an emphasis on professional ethics has different cultural, economic, social, and professional elements, which for better governance of provincial governments, they must be considered by executive authorities at the country’s macro and micro levels.
{"title":"Provide a Model for Evaluating Public Policy with an Emphasis on Professional Ethics","authors":"Nasrin Nejati, Alireza Maetoofi, A. F. Mahalli, R. Ghaffari","doi":"10.52547/IJETHICS.3.1.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/IJETHICS.3.1.24","url":null,"abstract":"Background: As societies have become more complicated to manage, it is already unavoidable for governments to evaluate public policies. Moreover, adherence to professional ethics is an important criterion in evaluations. Therefore, the present research sought to provide a model for public policy evaluation based on the aspects of professional ethics. Method: The approach of the present study was mixed (qualitativequantitative) and in terms of purpose it was applicable research. In the qualitative section, participants included academic experts and governorate experts of Golestan province, 14 of whom were selected by purposive sampling. The research tool was semistructured interviews and coding method was used to analyze the data. In the quantitative part, the statistical population was the managers and experts of the governorate and governorates (630 people) that the sample size was 248 people and the sampling method was random. Data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire based on qualitative findings. Friedman statistical test with Spss26 software was used to analyze the data. Results: The results showed that from the experts' point of view, 6 main themes (quality of effective evaluators in policy, ethical nature of policy, how policy is implemented, factors related to economic planning, openness and accountability and attention to structural issues) and 19 components in public policy evaluation model emphasizing the quality of the dimensions of professional ethics in the governorates of the country. Quantitative results showed that the ethical nature of the policy was the most important component of the general policy evaluation model with emphasis on professional ethics (M = 5.23). Conclusion: It can be concluded that the public policy evaluation model with an emphasis on professional ethics has different cultural, economic, social, and professional elements, which for better governance of provincial governments, they must be considered by executive authorities at the country’s macro and micro levels.","PeriodicalId":45480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Embedded Systems","volume":"3 1","pages":"24-32"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45902253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-04-01DOI: 10.52547/IJETHICS.3.1.33
K. Ghalandari
Background: The present study aims to reveal the important role of subjective knowledge and perceived reliability for information in transforming purchasing intentions into a practical purchase in the consumer marketing literature and suggests that improving consumer knowledge and trust in corporate claims (based on ethics), with the disclosure and public dissemination of quality information such as the participation of retailers and manufacturers in fair trade and related activities, especially in strengthening the sale of fair trade products. Method: The present study is applied and descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included buyers of convenience store stores in Urmia metropolis, from which 385 people were randomly selected. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Finally, the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (Minimum Squares (PLS)) in SPSS software version 24 and SMARTPLS. Results: The results show that without strengthening the basic knowledge of consumers or improving their literacy, lack of knowledge probably prevents the growth of ethical consumption, so one of the most important factors to strengthen fair consumption is not the amount of information but especially the content and quality of information. Companies must enable consumers to obtain sufficiently reliable information to compare products based on ethical considerations (fair trade). Conclusion: Subjective knowledge modulates the positive relationship between purchasing intentions and ethical purchasing behavior, but the moderating role of perceived reliability for information was not significant.
{"title":"The Effect of Intentions on Ethical Purchasing Behavior in Islam: The Moderating Role of Subjective Knowledge and Perceived Reliability","authors":"K. Ghalandari","doi":"10.52547/IJETHICS.3.1.33","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/IJETHICS.3.1.33","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The present study aims to reveal the important role of subjective knowledge and perceived reliability for information in transforming purchasing intentions into a practical purchase in the consumer marketing literature and suggests that improving consumer knowledge and trust in corporate claims (based on ethics), with the disclosure and public dissemination of quality information such as the participation of retailers and manufacturers in fair trade and related activities, especially in strengthening the sale of fair trade products. Method: The present study is applied and descriptive-correlational. The statistical population included buyers of convenience store stores in Urmia metropolis, from which 385 people were randomly selected. The research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Finally, the data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (Minimum Squares (PLS)) in SPSS software version 24 and SMARTPLS. Results: The results show that without strengthening the basic knowledge of consumers or improving their literacy, lack of knowledge probably prevents the growth of ethical consumption, so one of the most important factors to strengthen fair consumption is not the amount of information but especially the content and quality of information. Companies must enable consumers to obtain sufficiently reliable information to compare products based on ethical considerations (fair trade). Conclusion: Subjective knowledge modulates the positive relationship between purchasing intentions and ethical purchasing behavior, but the moderating role of perceived reliability for information was not significant.","PeriodicalId":45480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Embedded Systems","volume":"3 1","pages":"33-40"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49306728","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: In addition to governments, the activities of international organizations such as a large multinational corporation may be detrimental and hazardous to international public order. For example, companies that produce microbial and chemical bombs and organizations that traffic women, children, opiates in addition to buying and selling human organs, or that carry out sexual terrorism and international prostitution. The objective of the present study is on the criminal responsibility of international organizations in the international law system as well as whether international law has ever attempted to identify the criminal responsibility of such persons? Conclusion: At the turn of twentieth century, followed by the expansion of international exchanges and outbreak of ravaging wars, the advancement of science and technology, esp. military equipment technology, emergence of natural disasters or spread of dangerous infectious diseases, and stimulating humanitarian sensations and ... international organizations, including governmental or non-governmental, regional or global ones, with specific political, economic, cultural and social topics or a combination of them, were formed. Presence, activity and influence of these organizations in international relations arena was so epitomized that the international institutions are mentioned as the most important players of international relations after governments. Unfortunately, taking a glance at the international penal system structure, we find out that the international criminal regime drawn out in the 1990s is basically a system established based on the trial of real persons, and not legal entities. The regime of the International Criminal Court has explicitly excluded the trial of legal persons via this path. From this outlook, the situation of international organizations in terms of criminal law develops a gap in international criminal law that entails the action of the said key players in the international arena.
{"title":"Investigating Criminal Responsibility of International Organizations in the International Law System","authors":"Abbas Rafiee","doi":"10.52547/IJETHICS.3.1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52547/IJETHICS.3.1.9","url":null,"abstract":"Background: In addition to governments, the activities of international organizations such as a large multinational corporation may be detrimental and hazardous to international public order. For example, companies that produce microbial and chemical bombs and organizations that traffic women, children, opiates in addition to buying and selling human organs, or that carry out sexual terrorism and international prostitution. The objective of the present study is on the criminal responsibility of international organizations in the international law system as well as whether international law has ever attempted to identify the criminal responsibility of such persons? Conclusion: At the turn of twentieth century, followed by the expansion of international exchanges and outbreak of ravaging wars, the advancement of science and technology, esp. military equipment technology, emergence of natural disasters or spread of dangerous infectious diseases, and stimulating humanitarian sensations and ... international organizations, including governmental or non-governmental, regional or global ones, with specific political, economic, cultural and social topics or a combination of them, were formed. Presence, activity and influence of these organizations in international relations arena was so epitomized that the international institutions are mentioned as the most important players of international relations after governments. Unfortunately, taking a glance at the international penal system structure, we find out that the international criminal regime drawn out in the 1990s is basically a system established based on the trial of real persons, and not legal entities. The regime of the International Criminal Court has explicitly excluded the trial of legal persons via this path. From this outlook, the situation of international organizations in terms of criminal law develops a gap in international criminal law that entails the action of the said key players in the international arena.","PeriodicalId":45480,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Embedded Systems","volume":"3 1","pages":"9-14"},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42458732","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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