The English words for daily meals constitute a complex lexical variable conditioned by social and linguistic factors. Comparative sociolinguistic analysis of 884 speakers from more than a dozen locations in Ontario, Canada reveals a synchronic system with social correlates that are reflexes of the British and American founder populations of the province. Toronto and Loyalist settlements in southern Ontario use the highest rates of dinner while northerners with European and Scots-Irish roots use supper. Dinner is taking over as the dominant form among younger speakers, exposing a cascade pattern (Trudgill 1972; Labov 2007) that is consistent with sociolinguistic typology (Trudgill 2011).
{"title":"Supper or dinner?","authors":"Bridget L. Jankowski, Sali A. Tagliamonte","doi":"10.1075/EWW.00027.JAN","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/EWW.00027.JAN","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The English words for daily meals constitute a complex lexical variable conditioned by social and linguistic\u0000 factors. Comparative sociolinguistic analysis of 884 speakers from more than a dozen locations in Ontario, Canada reveals a\u0000 synchronic system with social correlates that are reflexes of the British and American founder populations of the province.\u0000 Toronto and Loyalist settlements in southern Ontario use the highest rates of dinner while northerners with\u0000 European and Scots-Irish roots use supper. Dinner is taking over as the dominant form among younger speakers,\u0000 exposing a cascade pattern (Trudgill 1972; Labov\u0000 2007) that is consistent with sociolinguistic typology (Trudgill 2011).","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/EWW.00027.JAN","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41606551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The decline of central modal must and the increase in frequency of the semi-modals have (got) to, need (to), and want to is one of the most conspicuous grammatical changes that inner-circle varieties of English underwent in the second half of the 20th century. Such a replacement correlates with the increasing grammaticalization of the semi-modals in terms of semantic and quantitative developments. The current paper explores the differential grammaticalization of these items in four Asian varieties of English – those spoken in India, Hong Kong, Singapore, and the Philippines – with the aim of building a grammaticalization index that will allow us to measure the extent to which the replacement of modal must with the semi-modals is completed in each of the varieties as compared to British English. After analyzing data from the private dialogue sections of the corresponding ICE corpora, Hong Kong English is shown to be the variety in which the replacement is closest to British English, followed by the Philippines, Singapore and India.
{"title":"Grammaticalization of semi-modals of necessity in Asian Englishes","authors":"Lucía Loureiro-Porto","doi":"10.1075/EWW.00025.LOU","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/EWW.00025.LOU","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The decline of central modal must and the increase in frequency of the semi-modals have\u0000 (got) to, need (to), and want to is one of the most conspicuous grammatical changes that\u0000 inner-circle varieties of English underwent in the second half of the 20th century. Such a replacement correlates with the\u0000 increasing grammaticalization of the semi-modals in terms of semantic and quantitative developments. The current paper explores\u0000 the differential grammaticalization of these items in four Asian varieties of English – those spoken in India, Hong Kong,\u0000 Singapore, and the Philippines – with the aim of building a grammaticalization index that will allow us to measure the extent to\u0000 which the replacement of modal must with the semi-modals is completed in each of the varieties as compared to\u0000 British English. After analyzing data from the private dialogue sections of the corresponding ICE corpora, Hong Kong English is\u0000 shown to be the variety in which the replacement is closest to British English, followed by the Philippines, Singapore and\u0000 India.","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/EWW.00025.LOU","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49140716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Jacques Arends. 2015. Language and Slavery: A Social and Linguistic History of the Suriname\u0000 Creoles","authors":"D. Perez","doi":"10.1075/EWW.00029.PER","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/EWW.00029.PER","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews Language and Slavery: A Social and Linguistic History of the Suriname Creoles 105.00978-90-272-5276-0","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43284958","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article reviews Rethinking Linguistic Creativity in Non-Native Englishes 90.00978-90-272-0146-1
本文评述了《非母语英语语言创造力的再思考》90.00978-90-272-0146-1
{"title":"Sandra C. Deshors, Sandra Götz, and Samantha Laporte, eds. 2016. Rethinking Linguistic Creativity in Non-Native\u0000 Englishes","authors":"S. Pfenninger","doi":"10.1075/EWW.00030.PFE","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/EWW.00030.PFE","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews Rethinking Linguistic Creativity in Non-Native Englishes 90.00978-90-272-0146-1","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-06-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1075/EWW.00030.PFE","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41521577","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We chart the incursion of quotative be like into Dublin English, drawing comparisons with similar developments in urban Canadian English as well as with diachronic benchmarks representing vernacular Irish English. Quantitative analysis reveals that be like is the lead variant in the quotative system used by young Dubliners and is advancing along a similar, though not identical, cline of grammaticalization to that found in urban Canadian English. We use the resultant information about the Dublin English quotative system as a baseline to assess the extent to which this system has been acquired by Polish-born L2 speakers of English differentiated in terms of target language proficiency. Comparison of the L2 quotative system with the L1 Dublin English benchmark reveals that not all L1 usage constraints are faithfully replicated by L2 speakers, indicating that the acquisition of the relevant constraints is incomplete, even in the case of advanced learners.
{"title":"Going global and sounding local","authors":"C. Diskin, S. Levey","doi":"10.1075/EWW.00022.DIS","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/EWW.00022.DIS","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 We chart the incursion of quotative be like into Dublin English, drawing comparisons with similar\u0000 developments in urban Canadian English as well as with diachronic benchmarks representing vernacular Irish English. Quantitative\u0000 analysis reveals that be like is the lead variant in the quotative system used by young Dubliners and is\u0000 advancing along a similar, though not identical, cline of grammaticalization to that found in urban Canadian English. We use the\u0000 resultant information about the Dublin English quotative system as a baseline to assess the extent to which this system has been\u0000 acquired by Polish-born L2 speakers of English differentiated in terms of target language proficiency. Comparison of the L2\u0000 quotative system with the L1 Dublin English benchmark reveals that not all L1 usage constraints are faithfully replicated by L2\u0000 speakers, indicating that the acquisition of the relevant constraints is incomplete, even in the case of advanced learners.","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48364753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nan Jiang. 2018. Second Language Processing: An Introduction","authors":"Stefan Dollinger","doi":"10.1075/EWW.00024.DOL","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/EWW.00024.DOL","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews Second Language Processing: An Introduction EUR 46978-0-415-70804-3978-0-415-70803-6","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48909795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study examined the English accents of English-Malay bilinguals in Singapore to ascertain whether language dominance was a determinant of accent variation in Singapore English, with a hypothesis that a Malay-dominant bilingual would have more ethnic-specific features than an English-dominant one. Ten English-Malay bilinguals – five English-dominant and five Malay-dominant – who differed greatly in their language dominance took part in this study. In an ethnic discriminability task that involved 60 naïve raters, Malay-dominant bilinguals were significantly more often correctly identified as ethnically Malay and were rated as having a significantly more perceivable Malay-accented English accent, while those who were English-dominant had an English accent that lacked ethnic-specific features so much so that naïve raters, including raters who were English-Malay bilinguals, were less able to identify the speakers as ethnically Malay. The results of this study indicate that early sequential bilinguals or simultaneous bilinguals of the same two languages need not have similar accents. The findings also suggest that language dominance is a determinant of accent variation in Singapore English, at least for the English-Malay bilinguals.
{"title":"“But you don’t sound Malay!”","authors":"Jasper Sim Hong","doi":"10.1075/EWW.00023.SIM","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/EWW.00023.SIM","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This study examined the English accents of English-Malay bilinguals in Singapore to ascertain whether language\u0000 dominance was a determinant of accent variation in Singapore English, with a hypothesis that a Malay-dominant bilingual would have\u0000 more ethnic-specific features than an English-dominant one. Ten English-Malay bilinguals – five English-dominant and five\u0000 Malay-dominant – who differed greatly in their language dominance took part in this study. In an ethnic discriminability task that\u0000 involved 60 naïve raters, Malay-dominant bilinguals were significantly more often correctly identified as ethnically Malay and\u0000 were rated as having a significantly more perceivable Malay-accented English accent, while those who were English-dominant had an\u0000 English accent that lacked ethnic-specific features so much so that naïve raters, including raters who were English-Malay\u0000 bilinguals, were less able to identify the speakers as ethnically Malay. The results of this study indicate that early sequential\u0000 bilinguals or simultaneous bilinguals of the same two languages need not have similar accents. The findings also suggest that\u0000 language dominance is a determinant of accent variation in Singapore English, at least for the English-Malay bilinguals.","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46080814","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Usage-based research in linguistics has to a large extent relied on corpus data. However, a feature’s “failure to appear in even a very large corpus (such as the Web) is not evidence for ungrammaticality, nor is appearance evidence for grammaticality” (Schütze and Sprouse 2013: 29). It is therefore advisable to complement corpus-based analyses with experimental data, so as to (ideally) obtain converging evidence. This paper reviews reasons for combining corpus linguistic with psycholinguistic experimental methods, and demonstrates how research on varieties of English can profit from experimentation. For a study of conversion in Asian Englishes, the maze task (Forster, Guerrera, and Elliot 2009; Forster 2010) was implemented with a web-based, open-source software. The results of the experiment dovetail with a previous analysis of the Corpus of Global Web-based English (Davies 2013). These results should encourage researchers not to base findings exclusively on corpus evidence, but corroborate them by means of experimental data.
{"title":"Complementing corpus analysis with web-based experimentation in research on World Englishes","authors":"Stephanie Horch","doi":"10.1075/EWW.00021.HOR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/EWW.00021.HOR","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Usage-based research in linguistics has to a large extent relied on corpus data. However, a feature’s “failure to\u0000 appear in even a very large corpus (such as the Web) is not evidence for ungrammaticality, nor is appearance evidence for\u0000 grammaticality” (Schütze and Sprouse 2013: 29). It is therefore advisable to complement\u0000 corpus-based analyses with experimental data, so as to (ideally) obtain converging evidence. This paper reviews reasons for\u0000 combining corpus linguistic with psycholinguistic experimental methods, and demonstrates how research on varieties of English can\u0000 profit from experimentation. For a study of conversion in Asian Englishes, the maze task (Forster, Guerrera, and Elliot 2009; Forster 2010) was implemented with a\u0000 web-based, open-source software. The results of the experiment dovetail with a previous analysis of the Corpus of Global\u0000 Web-based English (Davies 2013). These results should encourage\u0000 researchers not to base findings exclusively on corpus evidence, but corroborate them by means of experimental data.","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43569576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The present study is a Multidimensional Analysis (MDA) of English blogs and newspaper columns originating from Pakistan and the U.S. using MDA dimensions reported in Grieve et al. (2010): (i) Informational versus Personal Focus; (ii) Addressee Focus; (iii) Thematic Variation; and (iv) Narrative Style. The aim is to examine regional and/or functional variation among Pakistani and U.S. English blogs and columns and its possible causes. The results show that Pakistani and U.S. columns differ significantly from each other, while blogs have less significant differences. Further investigation into sub-categories of blogs reveals significant differences among technology blogs, while news blogs and individual blogs differ less significantly. An examination of possible causes shows that geographical origin, the situational characteristics of the register, and the internet as a medium play a role in variation. It is further suggested that internet registers might be evolving rapidly with the fast-changing landscape of products and services on the internet.
{"title":"A Multidimensional Analysis of Pakistani and U.S. English blogs and columns","authors":"Muhammad Shakir, Dagmar Deuber","doi":"10.1075/EWW.00020.SHA","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/EWW.00020.SHA","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The present study is a Multidimensional Analysis (MDA) of English blogs and newspaper columns originating from\u0000 Pakistan and the U.S. using MDA dimensions reported in Grieve et al. (2010): (i)\u0000 Informational versus Personal Focus; (ii) Addressee Focus; (iii) Thematic Variation; and (iv) Narrative Style. The aim is to\u0000 examine regional and/or functional variation among Pakistani and U.S. English blogs and columns and its possible causes. The\u0000 results show that Pakistani and U.S. columns differ significantly from each other, while blogs have less significant differences.\u0000 Further investigation into sub-categories of blogs reveals significant differences among technology blogs, while news blogs and\u0000 individual blogs differ less significantly. An examination of possible causes shows that geographical origin, the situational\u0000 characteristics of the register, and the internet as a medium play a role in variation. It is further suggested that internet\u0000 registers might be evolving rapidly with the fast-changing landscape of products and services on the internet.","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2019-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43140003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This corpus-based study focuses on the alternation between progressive and non-progressive constructions in native and non-native varieties. We adopt a quantitative-qualitative approach starting with a collostructional analysis of the two constructions to assess association strengths between lexical verbs, semantic domains and Aktionsart categories on the one hand, and progressive and non-progressive constructions on the other hand. We then explore the constructions semantically and qualitatively. Overall, associations between the two constructions and Achievements and Accomplishments on the one hand, and semantic domains other than Activity or Existence on the other, do not unanimously influence writers’ constructional choices. Further, there may not be one single core meaning of the progressive, but rather a complex of meanings activated by the use of the progressive construction. Ultimately, we paint a multifaceted picture of the meanings of the progressive and show the benefit of combining quantitative and qualitative approaches to explore constructional semantics across Englishes.
{"title":"The progressive versus non-progressive alternation","authors":"Sandra C. Deshors, Paula Rautionaho","doi":"10.1075/EWW.00016.DES","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/EWW.00016.DES","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This corpus-based study focuses on the alternation between progressive and non-progressive constructions in native and non-native varieties. We adopt a quantitative-qualitative approach starting with a collostructional analysis of the two constructions to assess association strengths between lexical verbs, semantic domains and Aktionsart categories on the one hand, and progressive and non-progressive constructions on the other hand. We then explore the constructions semantically and qualitatively. Overall, associations between the two constructions and Achievements and Accomplishments on the one hand, and semantic domains other than Activity or Existence on the other, do not unanimously influence writers’ constructional choices. Further, there may not be one single core meaning of the progressive, but rather a complex of meanings activated by the use of the progressive construction. Ultimately, we paint a multifaceted picture of the meanings of the progressive and show the benefit of combining quantitative and qualitative approaches to explore constructional semantics across Englishes.","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2018-11-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43294371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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