{"title":"Review of Buschfeld (2020): Children’s English in Singapore: Acquisition, Properties, and Use","authors":"D. Deterding","doi":"10.1075/EWW.00069.DET","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/EWW.00069.DET","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44705015","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Brunner (2017): Simplicity and Typological Effects in the Emergence of New Englishes: The Noun Phrase in Singaporean and Kenyan English","authors":"R. Oppliger","doi":"10.1075/EWW.00067.BRU","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/EWW.00067.BRU","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43930092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Language attitude research is crucial for a deeper understanding of New Englishes. However, the most common attitude research methods often cause problems when applied to New Englishes contexts. We discuss the benefits and challenges of different methods used in two attitude studies on the perception of linguistic variation in Jamaica and Trinidad. Five major issues arise out of the discussion: the careful consideration of abstract labels, the need for contextualized research and authentic source material, the limited view of written data collection with closed questions, the crucial role of the researcher, and the opportunities of mixed-methods research. These conclusions are particularly relevant for research on New Englishes but also for language attitude research in general.
{"title":"Attitudinal research into Caribbean Englishes","authors":"Guyanne Wilson, M. Westphal","doi":"10.1075/EWW.00064.WIL","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/EWW.00064.WIL","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Language attitude research is crucial for a deeper understanding of New Englishes. However, the most common\u0000 attitude research methods often cause problems when applied to New Englishes contexts. We discuss the benefits and challenges of\u0000 different methods used in two attitude studies on the perception of linguistic variation in Jamaica and Trinidad. Five major\u0000 issues arise out of the discussion: the careful consideration of abstract labels, the need for contextualized research and\u0000 authentic source material, the limited view of written data collection with closed questions, the crucial role of the researcher,\u0000 and the opportunities of mixed-methods research. These conclusions are particularly relevant for research on New Englishes but\u0000 also for language attitude research in general.","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48906768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article investigates the speech of adolescents who have moved directly from Poland to Glasgow, using data from a range of social contexts and comparing their speech to that of their locally-born peer-group. Focusing on the acquisition of word-medial glottal replacement, I find that the Polish participants have replicated one of the constraints shown by their locally-born peers (number of syllables), have come close to replicating another (following segment), and have three which are not significant for the Glaswegians: lexical frequency, preceding segment and speech context. The emergence of the speech context constraint for the Polish group (and not for the Glaswegians) is a novel finding, and sheds light on how learners come to understand and negotiate style in the L2. I suggest that as they are going through the acquisition process, the Polish group use speech context as an interpretive framework around which they structure their stylistic variation.
{"title":"“I just sound Sco[ʔ]ish now”","authors":"S. D. Ryan","doi":"10.1075/EWW.00066.DUR","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/EWW.00066.DUR","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This article investigates the speech of adolescents who have moved directly from Poland to Glasgow, using data\u0000 from a range of social contexts and comparing their speech to that of their locally-born peer-group. Focusing on the acquisition\u0000 of word-medial glottal replacement, I find that the Polish participants have replicated one of the constraints shown by their\u0000 locally-born peers (number of syllables), have come close to replicating another (following segment), and have three which are not\u0000 significant for the Glaswegians: lexical frequency, preceding segment and speech context. The emergence of the speech context\u0000 constraint for the Polish group (and not for the Glaswegians) is a novel finding, and sheds light on how learners come to\u0000 understand and negotiate style in the L2. I suggest that as they are going through the acquisition process, the Polish group use\u0000 speech context as an interpretive framework around which they structure their stylistic variation.","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44464514","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper focuses on a phenomenon known as pre-aspiration, defined as a period of glottal friction found in the sequences of sonorants and phonetically voiceless obstruents, as in hit [hɪht], hat [hæht], hiss [hɪhs], and cash [kæhʃ]. Pre-aspiration has been reported in North American English (Clayards and Knowles 2015); however, there are no systematic studies of pre-aspiration in this part of the English-speaking world. Our study therefore considers the following main questions. 1. Is pre-aspiration present in American English and how frequent is it? 2. Does it vary by region? We also map variation related to speaking task, sex, and a range of language-internal factors. Our analyses of data from the Nationwide Speech Project Corpus (Clopper and Pisoni 2006) confirm that pre-aspiration is a feature of American English, with rates of application reaching between 0–20 percent, depending on the region and the task. Furthermore, the more formal the task, the higher the rate of pre-aspiration application.
本文关注的是一种被称为“前吸音”的现象，它被定义为一段时间的声门摩擦，出现在辅音序列和语音上的不发音障碍中，如hit [hæht]， hat [hæht]， hiss [hæ hs]和cash [kæh h h]。在北美英语中有预吸的报道(Clayards and Knowles 2015);然而，在英语世界的这一部分，没有系统的研究前抱负。因此，我们的研究考虑了以下主要问题。1. 美式英语中有前置音吗?频率有多高?2. 是否因地区而异?我们还绘制了与说话任务、性别和一系列语言内部因素相关的变异图。我们对全国语音项目语料库(Clopper and Pisoni 2006)数据的分析证实，预发音是美式英语的一个特征，根据地区和任务的不同，其应用率在0 - 20%之间。此外，任务越正式，预吸应用的比率越高。
{"title":"Even Americans pre-aspirate","authors":"Mísa Hejná, K. Kaźmierski, Wenyu Guo","doi":"10.1075/EWW.00065.HEJ","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/EWW.00065.HEJ","url":null,"abstract":"This paper focuses on a phenomenon known as pre-aspiration, defined as a period of glottal friction found in the\u0000 sequences of sonorants and phonetically voiceless obstruents, as in hit [hɪht], hat\u0000 [hæht], hiss [hɪhs], and cash [kæhʃ]. Pre-aspiration has\u0000 been reported in North American English (Clayards and Knowles 2015); however, there are\u0000 no systematic studies of pre-aspiration in this part of the English-speaking world. Our study therefore considers the following\u0000 main questions. 1. Is pre-aspiration present in American English and how frequent is it? 2. Does it vary by region? We also map\u0000 variation related to speaking task, sex, and a range of language-internal factors. Our analyses of data from the Nationwide Speech\u0000 Project Corpus (Clopper and Pisoni 2006) confirm that pre-aspiration is a feature of\u0000 American English, with rates of application reaching between 0–20 percent, depending on the region and the task. Furthermore, the\u0000 more formal the task, the higher the rate of pre-aspiration application.","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42482130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Poplack (2018): Borrowing: Loanwords in the Speech Community and in the Grammar","authors":"O. Timofeeva","doi":"10.1075/EWW.00068.TIM","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/EWW.00068.TIM","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42424368","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper discusses the obsolescence of h-dropping as a local feature in Maryport, West Cumbria. Using sociolinguistic interview data, a quantitative approach and mixed-effects modelling is used to explain the linguistic changes in the community. Sociolinguistic accounts of h-dropping always state that the feature is and has been stigmatised in England since the 18th century. However, the oldest speakers in the sample do not change their level of h-dropping in more formal speech styles, which indicates that the standard language ideology of “proper” English might not be pervasive for them. However, for speakers born after 1960 the use of h-dropping is decreasing in apparent time. From the 1960s onwards, Maryport has seen social change as the strong neighbourhood ties broke up and from the 1980s experienced strong job losses. I argue that these social changes are correlated with the decline and eventual obsolescence of h-dropping in the community.
{"title":"Social meaning and the obsolescence of traditional local structures","authors":"Sandra Jansen","doi":"10.1075/eww.00058.jan","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.00058.jan","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This paper discusses the obsolescence of h-dropping as a local feature in Maryport, West Cumbria. Using sociolinguistic interview data, a quantitative approach and mixed-effects modelling is used to explain the linguistic changes in the community. Sociolinguistic accounts of h-dropping always state that the feature is and has been stigmatised in England since the 18th century. However, the oldest speakers in the sample do not change their level of h-dropping in more formal speech styles, which indicates that the standard language ideology of “proper” English might not be pervasive for them. However, for speakers born after 1960 the use of h-dropping is decreasing in apparent time. From the 1960s onwards, Maryport has seen social change as the strong neighbourhood ties broke up and from the 1980s experienced strong job losses. I argue that these social changes are correlated with the decline and eventual obsolescence of h-dropping in the community.","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41395756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
While different automated procedures for vowel formant prediction have recently been proposed, it is unclear how reliably these methods perform in the phonetic study of vowels in New Englishes and how such approaches could be applied to specific varieties. This paper compares different automatic methods for vowel formant prediction in New Englishes, using manual measurements of Trinidadian English as a baseline. The results show that all methods perform significantly better than default formant parameters often used in speech analysis packages, and that a Bayesian formant tracker calibrated with American (US-FAVE) and Trinidadian English (TRINI-FAVE) generally provides better results than an automatic procedure that optimizes formant ceilings on a vowel- and speaker-specific level. TRINI-FAVE measures vowels characteristic of Trinidadian English most accurately. Phonetic studies of vowels in New Englishes can benefit from these methods.
{"title":"Extending automatic vowel formant extraction to New Englishes","authors":"Philipp Meer, Thorsten Brato, J.I.M. Flores","doi":"10.1075/eww.00060.mee","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.00060.mee","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 While different automated procedures for vowel formant prediction have recently been proposed, it is unclear how reliably\u0000 these methods perform in the phonetic study of vowels in New Englishes and how such approaches could be applied to specific varieties. This\u0000 paper compares different automatic methods for vowel formant prediction in New Englishes, using manual measurements of Trinidadian English\u0000 as a baseline. The results show that all methods perform significantly better than default formant parameters often used in speech analysis\u0000 packages, and that a Bayesian formant tracker calibrated with American (US-FAVE) and Trinidadian English (TRINI-FAVE) generally provides\u0000 better results than an automatic procedure that optimizes formant ceilings on a vowel- and speaker-specific level. TRINI-FAVE measures\u0000 vowels characteristic of Trinidadian English most accurately. Phonetic studies of vowels in New Englishes can benefit from these\u0000 methods.","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41365033","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Dollinger (2019): Creating Canadian English. The Professor, the Mountaineer, and a National Variety of English","authors":"E. Schneider","doi":"10.1075/eww.00063.sch","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.00063.sch","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46427698","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Review of Esimaje, Gut & Antia (2019): Corpus Linguistics and African Englishes","authors":"C. Lange","doi":"10.1075/eww.00062.lan","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.00062.lan","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47663832","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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