This paper explores functions of pseudonyms in written threatening communication from a cognitive sociolinguistic perspective. It addresses the semantic domains present in pseudonyms in a corpus of 19th-century Irish English threatening notices and their cognitive functions in the construction of both cultural-contextualised threat and the threatener’s identity. We identify eight semantic domains that are accessed recurrently in order to create threat. Contributing to the notion of threat involves menacing war, violence, darkness and perdition directly, while also constructing a certain persona for the threatener that highlights their motivation, moral superiority, historical, local and circumstantial expertise, and their physical and mental aptitude. We argue that pseudonyms contribute to the deontic force of the threat by accessing cultural categories and schemas as well as conceptual metaphors and metonymies. Finally, we suggest that pseudonyms function as post-positioned semantic frame setters, providing a cognitive lens through which the entire threatening notice must be interpreted.
{"title":"Pseudonyms as carriers of contextualised threat in 19th-century Irish English threatening notices","authors":"A. Peters, M. V. Hattum","doi":"10.1075/eww.00059.pet","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.00059.pet","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper explores functions of pseudonyms in written threatening communication from a cognitive sociolinguistic\u0000 perspective. It addresses the semantic domains present in pseudonyms in a corpus of 19th-century Irish English threatening notices\u0000 and their cognitive functions in the construction of both cultural-contextualised threat and the threatener’s identity. We\u0000 identify eight semantic domains that are accessed recurrently in order to create threat. Contributing to the notion of threat\u0000 involves menacing war, violence, darkness and perdition directly, while also constructing a certain persona for the threatener\u0000 that highlights their motivation, moral superiority, historical, local and circumstantial expertise, and their physical and mental\u0000 aptitude. We argue that pseudonyms contribute to the deontic force of the threat by accessing cultural categories and schemas as\u0000 well as conceptual metaphors and metonymies. Finally, we suggest that pseudonyms function as post-positioned semantic frame\u0000 setters, providing a cognitive lens through which the entire threatening notice must be interpreted.","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-02-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42478336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Negative attitudes of non-Singaporeans towards Singapore Colloquial English (SCE) are often used to support the “Speak Good English Movement” in Singapore. This article examines spontaneous metalinguistic discourse about SCE in an online Facebook group where Taiwanese migrants in Singapore gather for mutual support. Based on the idea that metalinguistic discourse is mediated through the social relation between interlocutors, this study reveals how the language ideologies surfacing in the investigated online space are formed through stance-taking processes between people sharing a nationality. We argue that this spatial context elicits and escalates negative ideologies of SCE, which are situated in popular hierarchies of varieties of English, and also hierarchies of Mandarin.
{"title":"Conflicts between World Englishes","authors":"Tsung-Lun Alan Wan, Claire Cowie","doi":"10.1075/eww.00061.wan","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.00061.wan","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Negative attitudes of non-Singaporeans towards Singapore Colloquial English (SCE) are often used to support the “Speak Good\u0000 English Movement” in Singapore. This article examines spontaneous metalinguistic discourse about SCE in an online Facebook group where\u0000 Taiwanese migrants in Singapore gather for mutual support. Based on the idea that metalinguistic discourse is mediated through the social\u0000 relation between interlocutors, this study reveals how the language ideologies surfacing in the investigated online space are formed through\u0000 stance-taking processes between people sharing a nationality. We argue that this spatial context elicits and escalates negative ideologies\u0000 of SCE, which are situated in popular hierarchies of varieties of English, and also hierarchies of Mandarin.","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2021-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48553886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article reviews Processes of Change: Studies in Late Modern and Present-Day English EUR 1059789027204141
这篇文章回顾了变化的过程:研究在现代晚期和现代英语eur1059789027204141
{"title":"Review of Jansen & Siebers (2019): Processes of Change: Studies in Late Modern and Present-Day English","authors":"P. Collins","doi":"10.1075/eww.00056.col","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.00056.col","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews Processes of Change: Studies in Late Modern and Present-Day English EUR 1059789027204141","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":"41 1","pages":"372-376"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45765186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract To find empirical evidence for Schneider’s (2007) periodisation for the emergence of Hong Kong English, Evans (2014, 2015) scrutinised various historical documents, such as newspapers, council proceedings and jury lists. Taking the increasing use of the terms Hongkonger and Hongkong people during the 1980s as evidence for the emergence of a new Hong Kong identity, he argued that the Chinese population considered themselves part of the community. This paper systematises Evans’ (2014) approach by analysing terms denoting ingroup and outgroup members in English news discourse in Hong Kong from 1903 to 1999. By tracing changes in frequency, reference and discourse topics associated with the terms, periods of identity reconstructions are uncovered and Schneider’s and Evans’ periodisations reassessed. The study thus contributes to our understanding of the social dynamics in Hong Kong’s history, which are considered key to the emergence of Hong Kong English.
{"title":"Hongkongites, Hong Kongers, Hong Kong Belongers?","authors":"Ninja Schulz, Carolin Biewer, Lisa Lehnen","doi":"10.1075/eww.00052.sch","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.00052.sch","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract To find empirical evidence for Schneider’s (2007) periodisation for the emergence of Hong Kong English, Evans (2014, 2015) scrutinised various historical documents, such as newspapers, council proceedings and jury lists. Taking the increasing use of the terms Hongkonger and Hongkong people during the 1980s as evidence for the emergence of a new Hong Kong identity, he argued that the Chinese population considered themselves part of the community. This paper systematises Evans’ (2014) approach by analysing terms denoting ingroup and outgroup members in English news discourse in Hong Kong from 1903 to 1999. By tracing changes in frequency, reference and discourse topics associated with the terms, periods of identity reconstructions are uncovered and Schneider’s and Evans’ periodisations reassessed. The study thus contributes to our understanding of the social dynamics in Hong Kong’s history, which are considered key to the emergence of Hong Kong English.","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":"41 1","pages":"295-324"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45292610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This article reviews Corpus Linguistics and Sociolinguistics: A Study of Variation and Change in the Modal Systems of World Englishes EUR 1279789004381520
本文综述了语料库语言学和社会语言学：世界英语情态系统的变异与变化研究
{"title":"Review of Hansen (2018): Corpus Linguistics and Sociolinguistics: A Study of Variation and Change in the Modal Systems of World Englishes","authors":"Laetitia van Driessche","doi":"10.1075/eww.00057.dri","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.00057.dri","url":null,"abstract":"This article reviews Corpus Linguistics and Sociolinguistics: A Study of Variation and Change in the Modal Systems of World Englishes EUR 1279789004381520","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":"41 1","pages":"377-382"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49012975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract This article examines the distribution and sociolinguistic patterning of (quasi-)modals which express strong obligation/necessity, namely must, have to, have got to, got to and need to, in Australian English. Variationist studies in other varieties of English have had contrasting findings in terms of distributions of root forms, as well as their conditioning by social and linguistic factors. The corpus analysis suggests real-time increased use of need to and decrease in have got to through comparison to earlier findings. The variationist analysis shows quasi-modals have to, have got to and got to as sensitive to speaker age and sex, and a recent increase of have to via apparent time modelling. Linguistic conditioning relating to the type of obligation and subject form is also found. The study contributes to sociolinguistic understanding of this large-scale change in English and the place of Australian English amongst other varieties.
{"title":"A sociolinguistic perspective on the (quasi-)modals of obligation and necessity in Australian English","authors":"C. Williams, Minna Korhonen","doi":"10.1075/eww.00051.pen","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.00051.pen","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This article examines the distribution and sociolinguistic patterning of (quasi-)modals which express strong obligation/necessity, namely must, have to, have got to, got to and need to, in Australian English. Variationist studies in other varieties of English have had contrasting findings in terms of distributions of root forms, as well as their conditioning by social and linguistic factors. The corpus analysis suggests real-time increased use of need to and decrease in have got to through comparison to earlier findings. The variationist analysis shows quasi-modals have to, have got to and got to as sensitive to speaker age and sex, and a recent increase of have to via apparent time modelling. Linguistic conditioning relating to the type of obligation and subject form is also found. The study contributes to sociolinguistic understanding of this large-scale change in English and the place of Australian English amongst other varieties.","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":"41 1","pages":"267-294"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45323829","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper introduces a previously undiscussed English construction, termed the make us difficult construction. Examples of the construction are presented, from the International Corpus of English and the Corpus of Global Web-Based English, and a quantitative analysis is conducted of the construction’s text frequency and variant rates. Quantitative data on specific usage patterns is employed to inform an analysis of the construction and its productivity, and recommendations are made for future research.
{"title":"Make us difficult","authors":"Seth Mehl","doi":"10.1075/eww.00054.meh","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.00054.meh","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 This paper introduces a previously undiscussed English construction, termed the make us difficult\u0000 construction. Examples of the construction are presented, from the International Corpus of English and the\u0000 Corpus of Global Web-Based English, and a quantitative analysis is conducted of the construction’s text\u0000 frequency and variant rates. Quantitative data on specific usage patterns is employed to inform an analysis of the construction\u0000 and its productivity, and recommendations are made for future research.","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":"41 1","pages":"352-367"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41904415","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Celeste Rodríguez Louro, Sophie Richard, Sana Bharadwaj
Quotative be like has been described as “one of the most striking developments [in English]” (Tagliamonte and D’Arcy 2004: 493). Despite the vast research on quotatives and the upsurge of be like, the potential impact of discourse type on the grammar of quotation has rarely been assessed. Yet, discourse type has proved a relevant factor in linguistic variation (see Travis 2007; Buchstaller 2011; Travis and Lindstrom 2016). Drawing on vernacular spoken data from our multigenerational corpus of Australian English, we include discourse type as a predictor in our recursive partitioning and logistic regression models. Our results show that similar linguistic constraints operate on be like across discourse types. However, significant differences emerge regarding its social conditioning in narrative as opposed to non-narrative discourse, pointing to a strong association between be like and female storytelling.
引语be like被描述为“英语中最引人注目的发展之一”(Tagliamonte and D 'Arcy 2004: 493)。尽管对引语的研究非常广泛，“be like”的热潮也在兴起，但很少有人对话语类型对引语语法的潜在影响进行评估。然而，话语类型已被证明是语言变异的一个相关因素(见Travis 2007;Buchstaller 2011;Travis and Lindstrom 2016)。利用澳大利亚英语多代语料库中的方言口语数据，我们将话语类型作为递归划分和逻辑回归模型的预测因子。我们的研究结果表明，相似的语言约束在不同的话语类型上起着类似的作用。然而，在叙事话语与非叙事话语的社会条件方面出现了显著差异，这表明“喜欢”与女性讲故事之间存在着强烈的联系。
{"title":"Another story","authors":"Celeste Rodríguez Louro, Sophie Richard, Sana Bharadwaj","doi":"10.1075/eww.00053.rod","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.00053.rod","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Quotative be like has been described as “one of the most striking developments [in English]”\u0000 (Tagliamonte and D’Arcy 2004: 493). Despite the vast research on quotatives and the\u0000 upsurge of be like, the potential impact of discourse type on the grammar of quotation has rarely been assessed.\u0000 Yet, discourse type has proved a relevant factor in linguistic variation (see Travis\u0000 2007; Buchstaller 2011; Travis and\u0000 Lindstrom 2016). Drawing on vernacular spoken data from our multigenerational corpus of Australian English, we include\u0000 discourse type as a predictor in our recursive partitioning and logistic regression models. Our results show that similar\u0000 linguistic constraints operate on be like across discourse types. However, significant differences emerge\u0000 regarding its social conditioning in narrative as opposed to non-narrative discourse, pointing to a strong association between\u0000 be like and female storytelling.","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42517069","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Descriptions of Australian Aboriginal English list the neutralisation of the Standard English contrast between so-called voiced and voiceless stops as one characteristic feature. This paper reports on the results of an acoustic analysis of data collected in a production task by monolingual speakers of Standard Australian English in Sydney, of Aboriginal English on Croker Island, Northern Territory, and bilingual speakers of Iwaidja/Aboriginal English and Kunwinjku/Aboriginal English on Croker Island. The results show that average values for Voice Onset Time, the main correlate of the “stop voicing contrast” in English, and Closure Duration collected from Aboriginal speakers of English do not significantly differ from that of speakers of Standard Australian English, irrespective of language background. This result proves that the stop contrast is not neutralised by these Aboriginal speakers of English. However, it can be shown that phonetic voicing manifesting itself in Voice Termination Time is a prevalent and characteristic feature of Aboriginal English on Croker Island. This feature aligns Aboriginal English on Croker Island with local Aboriginal languages and differentiates it from Standard Australian English.
{"title":"The inconspicuous substratum","authors":"Robert Mailhammer, Stacey Sherwood, H. Stoakes","doi":"10.1075/eww.00045.mai","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/eww.00045.mai","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Descriptions of Australian Aboriginal English list the neutralisation of the Standard English contrast between so-called voiced and voiceless stops as one characteristic feature. This paper reports on the results of an acoustic analysis of data collected in a production task by monolingual speakers of Standard Australian English in Sydney, of Aboriginal English on Croker Island, Northern Territory, and bilingual speakers of Iwaidja/Aboriginal English and Kunwinjku/Aboriginal English on Croker Island. The results show that average values for Voice Onset Time, the main correlate of the “stop voicing contrast” in English, and Closure Duration collected from Aboriginal speakers of English do not significantly differ from that of speakers of Standard Australian English, irrespective of language background. This result proves that the stop contrast is not neutralised by these Aboriginal speakers of English. However, it can be shown that phonetic voicing manifesting itself in Voice Termination Time is a prevalent and characteristic feature of Aboriginal English on Croker Island. This feature aligns Aboriginal English on Croker Island with local Aboriginal languages and differentiates it from Standard Australian English.","PeriodicalId":45502,"journal":{"name":"English World-Wide","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48348373","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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