abstract:Sea-level rise (SLR) is a future concern on Georgia's coastline. SLR research on Georgia's Atlantic coastline often focuses on infrastructure, commerce, and private home ownership. Little geographic research, however, is given to the anticipated effects of SLR on low-income African Americans living in public housing. Brunswick, a small port city, is a "minority majority" city with 56 percent of its population classified as African American and 37 percent as in poverty. Many African Americans, especially those with the lowest incomes, live in flood-prone areas of the coastal city. The city's physical geography exacerbates the threat of SLR with sinking land and rising waters. A critical examination of how environmental injustice, hazards geography, and physical geography intersect is fundamental to addressing Brunswick's vulnerabilities in the next fifty years. Specific attention will be given to Hopkins Homes, which is a public housing unit located by the city's port. Hopkins Homes is one of the most socially vulnerable places in Brunswick but is not factored into the city's response plans. A critical physical geography (CPG) perspective is used as an epistemology for guiding future decisions about SLR vulnerability in Brunswick.
{"title":"Reconceptualizing Social Vulnerability in Brunswick, Georgia: Critical Physical Geography and the Future of Sea-Level Rise","authors":"Eric Spears","doi":"10.1353/sgo.2021.0023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sgo.2021.0023","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:Sea-level rise (SLR) is a future concern on Georgia's coastline. SLR research on Georgia's Atlantic coastline often focuses on infrastructure, commerce, and private home ownership. Little geographic research, however, is given to the anticipated effects of SLR on low-income African Americans living in public housing. Brunswick, a small port city, is a \"minority majority\" city with 56 percent of its population classified as African American and 37 percent as in poverty. Many African Americans, especially those with the lowest incomes, live in flood-prone areas of the coastal city. The city's physical geography exacerbates the threat of SLR with sinking land and rising waters. A critical examination of how environmental injustice, hazards geography, and physical geography intersect is fundamental to addressing Brunswick's vulnerabilities in the next fifty years. Specific attention will be given to Hopkins Homes, which is a public housing unit located by the city's port. Hopkins Homes is one of the most socially vulnerable places in Brunswick but is not factored into the city's response plans. A critical physical geography (CPG) perspective is used as an epistemology for guiding future decisions about SLR vulnerability in Brunswick.","PeriodicalId":45528,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Geographer","volume":"61 1","pages":"357 - 380"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44260396","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
[...]we wish to provoke readers to consider future analysis as a professional responsibility since future studies is vital to making interventions in public decision making and elevating the responsiveness of our discipline to problems, inequalities, and issues facing the world. on making southern futures We embark on this journey to reflect critically about the future geographic realities of the Southeast with a humility that such a project is inherently fraught with uncertainty and tension. The idea of a future South is not universally shared but socially and geographically contingent;it may have a different look, feel, and varying consequences for specific social groups, sub-regions, and individual actors and communities depending on their situation in that future. [...]underlying our collection of essays is a desire to ground or emplace-historically, geographically, and politically-any critical appraisal of a future, recognizing as Kurniawan and Kundurpi (2019, 1) do that "space may influence the way we perceive the future and how actors connected to this space will determine or undermine the kind of future to be unfolded." Because of the uneven and contingent nature of life in the South, the authors of this collection talk about the future not as a singular destination but as an inherently plural set of processes and practices at work within the region. Resistance to this climate gentrification and rebranding of Little Haiti is led by women of color organizers who "defend a community-driven process and protest the masculinist, top-down approaches to urban development" (Gierczyk 2020, para 1).
{"title":"Guest Editors' Introduction: On the Future Geographies of the South","authors":"William Graves, Derek H. Alderman","doi":"10.1353/sgo.2021.0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sgo.2021.0027","url":null,"abstract":"[...]we wish to provoke readers to consider future analysis as a professional responsibility since future studies is vital to making interventions in public decision making and elevating the responsiveness of our discipline to problems, inequalities, and issues facing the world. on making southern futures We embark on this journey to reflect critically about the future geographic realities of the Southeast with a humility that such a project is inherently fraught with uncertainty and tension. The idea of a future South is not universally shared but socially and geographically contingent;it may have a different look, feel, and varying consequences for specific social groups, sub-regions, and individual actors and communities depending on their situation in that future. [...]underlying our collection of essays is a desire to ground or emplace-historically, geographically, and politically-any critical appraisal of a future, recognizing as Kurniawan and Kundurpi (2019, 1) do that \"space may influence the way we perceive the future and how actors connected to this space will determine or undermine the kind of future to be unfolded.\" Because of the uneven and contingent nature of life in the South, the authors of this collection talk about the future not as a singular destination but as an inherently plural set of processes and practices at work within the region. Resistance to this climate gentrification and rebranding of Little Haiti is led by women of color organizers who \"defend a community-driven process and protest the masculinist, top-down approaches to urban development\" (Gierczyk 2020, para 1).","PeriodicalId":45528,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Geographer","volume":"61 1","pages":"291 - 302"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47679046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rebecca J. Sheehan, Jordan P. Brasher, Jennifer Speights-Binet
abstract:In this paper, we bring together the hope of regenerative development with mobilities literature broadly and actor-network theory specifically to explicate a regenerative memorialization paradigm. Regenerative memorialization emphasizes the inherent (im)mobilities of memory – the flows and networks associated with people, ideas, materials, capital, and development that constitute memorial landscapes – and the reparative and self-healing possibilities of those landscapes as part of constantly evolving sociocultural systems. Applying this paradigm to the dynamic geographies of the Equal Justice Initiative (EJI) in Montgomery, Alabama, we illustrate the power of memory on the move where the past is connected to the present and the aspirations for the future via complex actor networks, charting paths toward more socially just futures for the American South. Finally, we argue for participatory mapping of actants and actor networks, more diverse social justice organizations creating and connecting to existing cultural spaces for and landscapes of memory, and accordingly, that intersectionality guide these practices, for a future of regenerative memorialization in the South.
{"title":"Mobilities and Regenerative Memorialization: Examining the Equal Justice Initiative and Strategies for the Future of the American South","authors":"Rebecca J. Sheehan, Jordan P. Brasher, Jennifer Speights-Binet","doi":"10.1353/sgo.2021.0025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sgo.2021.0025","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:In this paper, we bring together the hope of regenerative development with mobilities literature broadly and actor-network theory specifically to explicate a regenerative memorialization paradigm. Regenerative memorialization emphasizes the inherent (im)mobilities of memory – the flows and networks associated with people, ideas, materials, capital, and development that constitute memorial landscapes – and the reparative and self-healing possibilities of those landscapes as part of constantly evolving sociocultural systems. Applying this paradigm to the dynamic geographies of the Equal Justice Initiative (EJI) in Montgomery, Alabama, we illustrate the power of memory on the move where the past is connected to the present and the aspirations for the future via complex actor networks, charting paths toward more socially just futures for the American South. Finally, we argue for participatory mapping of actants and actor networks, more diverse social justice organizations creating and connecting to existing cultural spaces for and landscapes of memory, and accordingly, that intersectionality guide these practices, for a future of regenerative memorialization in the South.","PeriodicalId":45528,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Geographer","volume":"61 1","pages":"322 - 342"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41911196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Immigration and the Remaking of Black America by Tod G. Hamilton (review)","authors":"Madhuri Sharma","doi":"10.1353/sgo.2021.0022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sgo.2021.0022","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45528,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Geographer","volume":"61 1","pages":"405 - 408"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46611463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:As coal-mining employment and production levels reach historic low levels in the Appalachian region, institutions and actors articulate divergent discourses of what futures may be possible for the Appalachian region. Using Ada Smith's (2016) notion of "Appalachian Futurism" as a point of departure (understanding how theorizations of the past structure and limit what is imaginable for the future), I analyze the ways that a federal grants program, the POWER Initiative, frames Appalachia's economic transition. Through analysis of program documents and investments, I identify how particular discourses of development lead to programmatic foci of interventions around "entrepreneurship" and "workforce development." I then look at an alternative framing of the discourse of economic transition: one that posits a development agenda focused on improving quality of life for communities, as opposed to job and business creation. Drawing on documents from the Highlander Research and Education Center and on a dozen interviews with economic development practitioners, I detail the ways institutions and actors frame and reframe discourses as part of ideological struggle. In the conclusion, I examine trends for the future development of the region and offer policy suggestions for a more just economic future in the coalfields.
{"title":"POWER and the Future of Appalachia: Discursive Framings of an Economic Transition","authors":"Gabe Schwartzman","doi":"10.1353/sgo.2021.0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sgo.2021.0024","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:As coal-mining employment and production levels reach historic low levels in the Appalachian region, institutions and actors articulate divergent discourses of what futures may be possible for the Appalachian region. Using Ada Smith's (2016) notion of \"Appalachian Futurism\" as a point of departure (understanding how theorizations of the past structure and limit what is imaginable for the future), I analyze the ways that a federal grants program, the POWER Initiative, frames Appalachia's economic transition. Through analysis of program documents and investments, I identify how particular discourses of development lead to programmatic foci of interventions around \"entrepreneurship\" and \"workforce development.\" I then look at an alternative framing of the discourse of economic transition: one that posits a development agenda focused on improving quality of life for communities, as opposed to job and business creation. Drawing on documents from the Highlander Research and Education Center and on a dozen interviews with economic development practitioners, I detail the ways institutions and actors frame and reframe discourses as part of ideological struggle. In the conclusion, I examine trends for the future development of the region and offer policy suggestions for a more just economic future in the coalfields.","PeriodicalId":45528,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Geographer","volume":"61 1","pages":"343 - 356"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42885084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Hussain, D. Kerrigan, A. Patel, A. Chang, S. Ramar, M. Hussain, S. Javed, M. Q. Almerie, S. Senapati, M. Bossche, A. Alhamdani, C. Parmar, R. Singhal, S. Yeluri, P. Vasas, N. Samuel, S. Balchandra, J. Finney, K. Kirk, S. El-Hasani
{"title":"Kennesaw: Natural History of a Southern Mountain by Sean P. Graham (review)","authors":"T. Patterson","doi":"10.1353/sgo.2021.0020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sgo.2021.0020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45528,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Geographer","volume":"61 1","pages":"279 - 280"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43177491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:A variation of Shannon's relative entropy statistic is presented as a measure of configurational entropy for variables known to exhibit spatial autocorrelation using census tract data for the city of Birmingham, Alabama. Standardized and non-standardized configurational entropy indices (CEIs) are introduced to measure the amount of spatial order in a geographic distribution. As the degree of spatial autocorrelation increases and the amount of entropy or uncertainty decreases, the CEIs produce values that diverge from Shannon's statistic, which tends to overstate the degree of disorder or uncertainty in the presence of spatial autocorrelation. The CEIs incorporate a spatial covariance approach to estimating spatial order based on connectivity and the differencing of values for adjacent areal units. While Shannon's entropy statistic is insensitive to spatial arrangement, the CEIs provide a scale-targeted quantification of the amount of inherent spatial order in a distribution as defined by the connective structure of the areal units and the degree to which a variable is spatially autocorrelated. The amount of spatial order, as manifested within an autocorrelated pattern at a given geographic scale and for a given connectivity structure, is directly proportional to the difference between Shannon's measure and the CEIs.
{"title":"Configurational Entropy: An Application Involving Census Tract Data for the City of Birmingham, Alabama","authors":"T. Fik, Yin‐Hsuen Chen","doi":"10.1353/sgo.2021.0017","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sgo.2021.0017","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:A variation of Shannon's relative entropy statistic is presented as a measure of configurational entropy for variables known to exhibit spatial autocorrelation using census tract data for the city of Birmingham, Alabama. Standardized and non-standardized configurational entropy indices (CEIs) are introduced to measure the amount of spatial order in a geographic distribution. As the degree of spatial autocorrelation increases and the amount of entropy or uncertainty decreases, the CEIs produce values that diverge from Shannon's statistic, which tends to overstate the degree of disorder or uncertainty in the presence of spatial autocorrelation. The CEIs incorporate a spatial covariance approach to estimating spatial order based on connectivity and the differencing of values for adjacent areal units. While Shannon's entropy statistic is insensitive to spatial arrangement, the CEIs provide a scale-targeted quantification of the amount of inherent spatial order in a distribution as defined by the connective structure of the areal units and the degree to which a variable is spatially autocorrelated. The amount of spatial order, as manifested within an autocorrelated pattern at a given geographic scale and for a given connectivity structure, is directly proportional to the difference between Shannon's measure and the CEIs.","PeriodicalId":45528,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Geographer","volume":"61 1","pages":"222 - 240"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48520010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
abstract:The end of the United States' Civil War saw the creation of a Confederate-created mythology. This mythology, referred to as the "Lost Cause," detailed the antebellum period of the South and the South's role in the war which was contrary to the actual events. For example, the Lost Cause maintained that the war was fought over states' rights instead of slavery and that slavery was a beneficial environment for the enslaved. Viewing the Lost Cause through the lens of a (Confederate) Southern collective memory, this literature review examines how monuments have buttressed the Lost Cause for more than a century. Building on this examination, the review suggests that monuments were a factor in the virus-like transmission of the Lost Cause to the former Union states. While there are few Confederate monuments in the North, they may be found in Southern tourist areas visited by Northerners. For example, the battlefields of large Civil War engagements are now national parks. This means millions of Northerners are exposed to Confederate monuments, and the exposure occurs in areas understood to be historical. In other words, Northerners take back a mythological and Confederate view of their country.
{"title":"Confederate Monuments and their Impact on the Collective Memory of the South and the North","authors":"Genevieve Klein","doi":"10.1353/sgo.2021.0018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/sgo.2021.0018","url":null,"abstract":"abstract:The end of the United States' Civil War saw the creation of a Confederate-created mythology. This mythology, referred to as the \"Lost Cause,\" detailed the antebellum period of the South and the South's role in the war which was contrary to the actual events. For example, the Lost Cause maintained that the war was fought over states' rights instead of slavery and that slavery was a beneficial environment for the enslaved. Viewing the Lost Cause through the lens of a (Confederate) Southern collective memory, this literature review examines how monuments have buttressed the Lost Cause for more than a century. Building on this examination, the review suggests that monuments were a factor in the virus-like transmission of the Lost Cause to the former Union states. While there are few Confederate monuments in the North, they may be found in Southern tourist areas visited by Northerners. For example, the battlefields of large Civil War engagements are now national parks. This means millions of Northerners are exposed to Confederate monuments, and the exposure occurs in areas understood to be historical. In other words, Northerners take back a mythological and Confederate view of their country.","PeriodicalId":45528,"journal":{"name":"Southeastern Geographer","volume":"61 1","pages":"241 - 257"},"PeriodicalIF":0.7,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49033496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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