Student performance in classrooms is related to the indoor environmental quality. High air change rates are necessary to secure an acceptable level of indoor air quality and provide fresh air, which require large amounts of energy and technical installations. Mostly, mechanically supplied air is partially mixed with the return air. In warm climates, the capacity for natural ventilation is not fully exploited in modern buildings. During periods of acceptable outdoor temperatures, buildings need to adapt and employ available free renewable resources, such as wind. In this context, the building form, orientation, and envelope openings are crucial to enable an increased air change rate, user satisfaction, and energy savings. Owing to the difficulty of providing cross-ventilation in buildings with double-loaded corridors, single-sided ventilation is the most common approach. This study investigates the methods to improve the wind-driven air exchange of classrooms in warm climates, where naturally ventilated corridors help increase air movement. This study examines the potential of a set of alternatives within the context of a generic model regarding the pressure distribution, thermal sensation, air velocity, and air change rate. The study suggests that no single opening scenario can be applied to all facades at any time. Each facade requires special treatment. Decisions on natural ventilation need to be made during the early design stages for each facade. It was found that with the aid of low-tech modifications, remarkable increases in air change rates, in some cases up to 14.5 times that of the typical single-sided ventilation case, could be achieved.
{"title":"Improving Indoor Air Quality in Classrooms via Wind-Induced Natural Ventilation","authors":"Mohannad Bayoumi","doi":"10.1155/2021/6668031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6668031","url":null,"abstract":"Student performance in classrooms is related to the indoor environmental quality. High air change rates are necessary to secure an acceptable level of indoor air quality and provide fresh air, which require large amounts of energy and technical installations. Mostly, mechanically supplied air is partially mixed with the return air. In warm climates, the capacity for natural ventilation is not fully exploited in modern buildings. During periods of acceptable outdoor temperatures, buildings need to adapt and employ available free renewable resources, such as wind. In this context, the building form, orientation, and envelope openings are crucial to enable an increased air change rate, user satisfaction, and energy savings. Owing to the difficulty of providing cross-ventilation in buildings with double-loaded corridors, single-sided ventilation is the most common approach. This study investigates the methods to improve the wind-driven air exchange of classrooms in warm climates, where naturally ventilated corridors help increase air movement. This study examines the potential of a set of alternatives within the context of a generic model regarding the pressure distribution, thermal sensation, air velocity, and air change rate. The study suggests that no single opening scenario can be applied to all facades at any time. Each facade requires special treatment. Decisions on natural ventilation need to be made during the early design stages for each facade. It was found that with the aid of low-tech modifications, remarkable increases in air change rates, in some cases up to 14.5 times that of the typical single-sided ventilation case, could be achieved.","PeriodicalId":45541,"journal":{"name":"Modelling and Simulation in Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90065506","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, we use an analysis function for gas diffusion known as the Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Computational Prediction of Airflow over Complex Terrain (RIAM-COMPACT), which was developed for complex terrain, in Airflow Analyst software, and apply it to the spread and dissipation of a fluid layer (assuming the fluid layer contains COVID-19 particles). First, to verify the prediction accuracy of the gas diffusion using RIAM-COMPACT, comparisons with past wind tunnel test results conducted on simple and complex terrains are presented under neutral atmospheric stability. The results of the numerical simulations carried out in this study show good agreement with the wind tunnel experiments for both simple and complex terrains. Next, a model of the Japan National Stadium (Tokyo Olympic Stadium) was constructed using 3D detailed topographic Advanced World 3D Map (AW3D) data generated by combining high-resolution satellite images. We tried to reproduce the hypothetical spread and dissipation of the fluid layer (assuming the fluid layer contains COVID-19 particles) inside and outside of the Japan National Stadium using Airflow Analyst implemented with the RIAM-COMPACT analysis function for gas diffusion. We paid special attention to the effect of wind ventilation driven by natural wind. The numerical results under various scenarios show that ventilation driven by natural wind is very effective for the Japan National Stadium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Modelling & Simulation in Engineering is the property of Hindawi Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
在本文中，我们使用九州大学应用力学研究所在气流分析软件中为复杂地形开发的气体扩散分析函数“复杂地形上气流的计算预测(RIAM-COMPACT)”，并将其应用于流体层的扩散和耗散(假设流体层含有COVID-19颗粒)。首先，为了验证RIAM-COMPACT对气体扩散预测的准确性，在中性大气稳定性条件下，与以往在简单地形和复杂地形上进行的风洞试验结果进行了比较。在简单地形和复杂地形下，数值模拟结果与风洞试验结果吻合较好。其次，利用结合高分辨率卫星图像生成的三维精细地形高级世界三维地图(Advanced World 3D Map, AW3D)数据，构建日本国家体育场(东京奥林匹克体育场)模型。我们尝试使用带有RIAM-COMPACT气体扩散分析功能的气流分析软件来重现日本国家体育场内外流体层(假设流体层含有COVID-19颗粒)的假设传播和消散。我们特别注重自然风带动的通风效果。各种场景下的数值计算结果表明，自然风驱动的通风对日本国家体育场是非常有效的。【摘要】modeling & Simulation in Engineering的版权是Hindawi Limited的财产，未经版权所有者的明确书面许可，不得将其内容复制或通过电子邮件发送到多个网站或发布到listserv。但是，用户可以打印、下载或通过电子邮件发送文章供个人使用。这篇摘要可以删节。对副本的准确性不作任何保证。用户应参考资料的原始出版版本以获取完整摘要。(版权适用于所有摘要。)
{"title":"Applications of the Atmospheric Transport and Diffusion of LES Modeling to the Spread and Dissipation of COVID-19 Aerosol Particles inside and outside the Japan National Stadium (Tokyo Olympic Stadium)","authors":"T. Uchida, Ryou Araya","doi":"10.1155/2021/8822548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/8822548","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we use an analysis function for gas diffusion known as the Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Computational Prediction of Airflow over Complex Terrain (RIAM-COMPACT), which was developed for complex terrain, in Airflow Analyst software, and apply it to the spread and dissipation of a fluid layer (assuming the fluid layer contains COVID-19 particles). First, to verify the prediction accuracy of the gas diffusion using RIAM-COMPACT, comparisons with past wind tunnel test results conducted on simple and complex terrains are presented under neutral atmospheric stability. The results of the numerical simulations carried out in this study show good agreement with the wind tunnel experiments for both simple and complex terrains. Next, a model of the Japan National Stadium (Tokyo Olympic Stadium) was constructed using 3D detailed topographic Advanced World 3D Map (AW3D) data generated by combining high-resolution satellite images. We tried to reproduce the hypothetical spread and dissipation of the fluid layer (assuming the fluid layer contains COVID-19 particles) inside and outside of the Japan National Stadium using Airflow Analyst implemented with the RIAM-COMPACT analysis function for gas diffusion. We paid special attention to the effect of wind ventilation driven by natural wind. The numerical results under various scenarios show that ventilation driven by natural wind is very effective for the Japan National Stadium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Modelling & Simulation in Engineering is the property of Hindawi Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)","PeriodicalId":45541,"journal":{"name":"Modelling and Simulation in Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80134193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Average waiting time is considered as one of the basic performance indicators for a bottleneck zone on a route for commuter traffic. It turns out that the average waiting time in a queue remains paradoxically unchanged regardless of how fast the queue dissolves for a single bottleneck problem. In this study, the paradox is verified theoretically for the deterministic case with constant arrival and departure rates. Consistent results with the deterministic case have also been obtained by simulation runs for which vehicle interarrival time is a random variable. Results are tabulated for interarrival times which have uniform, triangular, normal, and exponential distributions along with a statistical verification of the average waiting time paradox.
{"title":"A Paradox of the Average Waiting Time for the Case of a Single Bottleneck on the Commuters’ Route","authors":"Hakan Özaktaş, Nureddin Kirkavak, Aysegul Alpay","doi":"10.1155/2021/2315987","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/2315987","url":null,"abstract":"Average waiting time is considered as one of the basic performance indicators for a bottleneck zone on a route for commuter traffic. It turns out that the average waiting time in a queue remains paradoxically unchanged regardless of how fast the queue dissolves for a single bottleneck problem. In this study, the paradox is verified theoretically for the deterministic case with constant arrival and departure rates. Consistent results with the deterministic case have also been obtained by simulation runs for which vehicle interarrival time is a random variable. Results are tabulated for interarrival times which have uniform, triangular, normal, and exponential distributions along with a statistical verification of the average waiting time paradox.","PeriodicalId":45541,"journal":{"name":"Modelling and Simulation in Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74211561","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Simulation is a virtual representation of a dynamic system. For the case of mechanical systems, the simulator is used to calculate the reaction forces between its base and the ground and other constraints. The intermittent nature of these forces and the mathematical inequalities that they must satisfy lead to models described by hybrid algebraic differential equations. In this paper, a simulator was developed for a seven degrees of freedom planar biped robot, which was modeled using the Euler-Lagrange formulation. This model allowed the design and implementation of a control strategy for balance management, and the monitoring of articular reference paths are tested in the simulator before proceeding to implementation on the actual prototype.
{"title":"Design of a Dynamic Simulator for a Biped Robot","authors":"D. Bravo M., C. F. Rengifo Rodas","doi":"10.1155/2021/5539123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5539123","url":null,"abstract":"Simulation is a virtual representation of a dynamic system. For the case of mechanical systems, the simulator is used to calculate the reaction forces between its base and the ground and other constraints. The intermittent nature of these forces and the mathematical inequalities that they must satisfy lead to models described by hybrid algebraic differential equations. In this paper, a simulator was developed for a seven degrees of freedom planar biped robot, which was modeled using the Euler-Lagrange formulation. This model allowed the design and implementation of a control strategy for balance management, and the monitoring of articular reference paths are tested in the simulator before proceeding to implementation on the actual prototype.","PeriodicalId":45541,"journal":{"name":"Modelling and Simulation in Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75602528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The numerical modeling and simulation for the stationary Bingham fluid flow around two confined circular cylinders with various gap ratios are studied. The singularity in the model’s apparent viscosity is dealt by Papanastasiou’s regularization. The model equations are discretized by adopting the methodology based on finite element method (FEM) by choosing a mixed higher order LBB-stable finite element pair. The direct solver PARADISO has been utilized to solve the linearized system of equations. Hydrodynamic forces represented by drag and lift coefficients are computed, and a correlation coefficient is calculated for the gap ratios and for several values of the Bingham number . Line graphs for horizontal and vertical velocities are drawn. Moreover, velocity and pressure profiles are plotted for pertinent values of the parameters. Plug and shear zones are revealed via velocity snapshots in the domain. Pressure is nonlinear in the vicinity of the obstacles and becomes linear downstream in the cylinders as expected in channel flows.
{"title":"Flow of the Bingham-Papanastasiou Regularized Material in a Channel in the Presence of Obstacles: Correlation between Hydrodynamic Forces and Spacing of Obstacles","authors":"Asif Mehmood, R. Mahmood, A. Majeed, F. Awan","doi":"10.1155/2021/5583110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5583110","url":null,"abstract":"The numerical modeling and simulation for the stationary Bingham fluid flow around two confined circular cylinders with various gap ratios are studied. The singularity in the model’s apparent viscosity is dealt by Papanastasiou’s regularization. The model equations are discretized by adopting the methodology based on finite element method (FEM) by choosing a mixed higher order LBB-stable finite element pair. The direct solver PARADISO has been utilized to solve the linearized system of equations. Hydrodynamic forces represented by drag and lift coefficients are computed, and a correlation coefficient is calculated for the gap ratios and for several values of the Bingham number . Line graphs for horizontal and vertical velocities are drawn. Moreover, velocity and pressure profiles are plotted for pertinent values of the parameters. Plug and shear zones are revealed via velocity snapshots in the domain. Pressure is nonlinear in the vicinity of the obstacles and becomes linear downstream in the cylinders as expected in channel flows.","PeriodicalId":45541,"journal":{"name":"Modelling and Simulation in Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79996324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this work, an estimate of the power spectrum of a real-valued wide-sense stationary autoregressive signal is computed from sub-Nyquist or compressed measurements in additive white Gaussian noise. The problem is formulated using the concepts of compressive covariance sensing and Blackman-Tukey nonparametric spectrum estimation. Only the second-order statistics of the original signal, rather than the signal itself, need to be recovered from the compressed signal. This is achieved by solving the resulting overdetermined system of equations by application of least squares, thereby circumventing the need for applying the complicated - minimization otherwise required for the reconstruction of the original signal. Moreover, the signal need not be spectrally sparse. A study of the performance of the power spectral estimator is conducted taking into account the properties of the different bases of the covariance subspace needed for compressive covariance sensing, as well as different linear sparse rulers by which compression is achieved. A method is proposed to benefit from the possible computational efficiency resulting from the use of the Fourier basis of the covariance subspace without considerably affecting the spectrum estimation performance.
{"title":"Compressive Covariance Sensing-Based Power Spectrum Estimation of Real-Valued Signals Subject to Sub-Nyquist Sampling","authors":"N. Alwan","doi":"10.1155/2021/5511486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5511486","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, an estimate of the power spectrum of a real-valued wide-sense stationary autoregressive signal is computed from sub-Nyquist or compressed measurements in additive white Gaussian noise. The problem is formulated using the concepts of compressive covariance sensing and Blackman-Tukey nonparametric spectrum estimation. Only the second-order statistics of the original signal, rather than the signal itself, need to be recovered from the compressed signal. This is achieved by solving the resulting overdetermined system of equations by application of least squares, thereby circumventing the need for applying the complicated - minimization otherwise required for the reconstruction of the original signal. Moreover, the signal need not be spectrally sparse. A study of the performance of the power spectral estimator is conducted taking into account the properties of the different bases of the covariance subspace needed for compressive covariance sensing, as well as different linear sparse rulers by which compression is achieved. A method is proposed to benefit from the possible computational efficiency resulting from the use of the Fourier basis of the covariance subspace without considerably affecting the spectrum estimation performance.","PeriodicalId":45541,"journal":{"name":"Modelling and Simulation in Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83651894","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tube end closing is a metal forming process that replaces welding processes while closing tubes ends. It depends on deforming a rotating tube using a roller, and therefore, it is also called tube end spinning. The process involves many parameters like contact depth, roller inclination angle, roller diameter, mandrel curvature, and tube rotational speed. This study develops a finite element model (FE-model) for this process and validates it through experimental results. The numerical and experimental results have shown minor deviation of 1.87%. The FE-model is then employed to carry out a statistical analysis based on the response surface method (RSM). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis have proved the accuracy of the obtained mathematical model. The contact depth has proved to have the most significant effect in the process responses, while the roller diameter has the least effect. Finally, an optimization analysis is carried out to select the finest conditions for the process.
{"title":"Optimization of AL6061-T6 Tube End Forming Process Using Response Surface Method","authors":"A. Shaaban, A. Elsabbagh","doi":"10.1155/2021/5532276","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/5532276","url":null,"abstract":"Tube end closing is a metal forming process that replaces welding processes while closing tubes ends. It depends on deforming a rotating tube using a roller, and therefore, it is also called tube end spinning. The process involves many parameters like contact depth, roller inclination angle, roller diameter, mandrel curvature, and tube rotational speed. This study develops a finite element model (FE-model) for this process and validates it through experimental results. The numerical and experimental results have shown minor deviation of 1.87%. The FE-model is then employed to carry out a statistical analysis based on the response surface method (RSM). The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and regression analysis have proved the accuracy of the obtained mathematical model. The contact depth has proved to have the most significant effect in the process responses, while the roller diameter has the least effect. Finally, an optimization analysis is carried out to select the finest conditions for the process.","PeriodicalId":45541,"journal":{"name":"Modelling and Simulation in Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74005228","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Indian cities are seen with predominantly mixed traffic plying on the streets. Modeling the mixed traffic involving vehicles characterised of different speed, length, and width is a challenging issue. Based on the finer cell system of cellular automata (CA) models, this paper proposes to evaluate the mixed traffic behavior with cars and motorcycles for intermediate lane width, which is more common in Indian cities. The maximum car flow is observed (even with the presence of motorcycles) in the results which is higher than the Na-Sch model for cars. This increase is mainly due to the changing behavior. The car flow decreases as the density of the motorcycle increases. Furthermore, the paper proposes to evaluate the effect of lane change behavior on the speed and flow of the traffic stream using the fundamental diagrams of speed flow density curves. The simulation result suggests that lane change probability has little effect on the speed and flow of the traffic stream.
{"title":"Cellular Automata Model for Mixed Traffic Flow with Lane Changing Behavior","authors":"Devaraj Hanumappa, Parthasarathy Ramachandran","doi":"10.1155/2021/9142790","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9142790","url":null,"abstract":"Indian cities are seen with predominantly mixed traffic plying on the streets. Modeling the mixed traffic involving vehicles characterised of different speed, length, and width is a challenging issue. Based on the finer cell system of cellular automata (CA) models, this paper proposes to evaluate the mixed traffic behavior with cars and motorcycles for intermediate lane width, which is more common in Indian cities. The maximum car flow is observed (even with the presence of motorcycles) in the results which is higher than the Na-Sch model for cars. This increase is mainly due to the changing behavior. The car flow decreases as the density of the motorcycle increases. Furthermore, the paper proposes to evaluate the effect of lane change behavior on the speed and flow of the traffic stream using the fundamental diagrams of speed flow density curves. The simulation result suggests that lane change probability has little effect on the speed and flow of the traffic stream.","PeriodicalId":45541,"journal":{"name":"Modelling and Simulation in Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77005786","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Image reconstruction algorithm and its controller constitute the main modules of the electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) system; in order to achieve the trade-off between the attainable performance and the flexibility of the image reconstruction and control design of the ECT system, hardware-software codesign of a digital processing unit (DPU) targeting FPGA system-on-chip (SoC) is presented. Design and implementation of software and hardware components of the ECT-DPU and their integration and verification based on the model-based design (MBD) paradigm are proposed. The inner-product of large vectors constitutes the core of the majority of these ECT image reconstruction algorithms. Full parallel implementation of large vector multiplication on FPGA consumes a huge number of resources and incurs long combinational path delay. The proposed MBD of the ECT-DPU tackles this problem by crafting a parametric segmented parallel inner-product architecture so as to work as the shared hardware core unit for the parallel matrix multiplication in the image reconstruction and control of the ECT system. This allowed the parameterized core unit to be configured at system-level to tackle large matrices with the segment length working as a design degree of freedom. It allows the trade-off between performance and resource usage and determines the level of computation parallelism. Using MBD with the proposed segmented architecture, the system design can be flexibly tailored to the designer specifications to fulfill the required performance while meeting the resources constraint. In the linear-back projection image reconstruction algorithm, the segmentation scheme has exhibited high resource saving of 43% and 71% for a small degradation in a frame rate of 3% and 14%, respectively.
{"title":"Model-Based Hardware-Software Codesign of ECT Digital Processing Unit","authors":"Atef Allam, W. Deabes","doi":"10.1155/2021/4757464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/4757464","url":null,"abstract":"Image reconstruction algorithm and its controller constitute the main modules of the electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) system; in order to achieve the trade-off between the attainable performance and the flexibility of the image reconstruction and control design of the ECT system, hardware-software codesign of a digital processing unit (DPU) targeting FPGA system-on-chip (SoC) is presented. Design and implementation of software and hardware components of the ECT-DPU and their integration and verification based on the model-based design (MBD) paradigm are proposed. The inner-product of large vectors constitutes the core of the majority of these ECT image reconstruction algorithms. Full parallel implementation of large vector multiplication on FPGA consumes a huge number of resources and incurs long combinational path delay. The proposed MBD of the ECT-DPU tackles this problem by crafting a parametric segmented parallel inner-product architecture so as to work as the shared hardware core unit for the parallel matrix multiplication in the image reconstruction and control of the ECT system. This allowed the parameterized core unit to be configured at system-level to tackle large matrices with the segment length working as a design degree of freedom. It allows the trade-off between performance and resource usage and determines the level of computation parallelism. Using MBD with the proposed segmented architecture, the system design can be flexibly tailored to the designer specifications to fulfill the required performance while meeting the resources constraint. In the linear-back projection image reconstruction algorithm, the segmentation scheme has exhibited high resource saving of 43% and 71% for a small degradation in a frame rate of 3% and 14%, respectively.","PeriodicalId":45541,"journal":{"name":"Modelling and Simulation in Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73738251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Majiagou landslide, a major ancient landslide in Three Gorges Reservoir region, is located in the high earthquake area of southwest China. The 2013 Badong earthquake caused an obvious deformation of landslide monitored by the sliding inclinometer. A strong earthquake may induce the reactivation of ancient landslide. So, it is necessary to research the seismic dynamic response of Majiagou landslide. For this purpose, discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA), improved by introducing the artificial joint and viscous boundary, is applied in this study. The displacements at monitoring points caused by Badong earthquake are calculated and compared with the field data, verifying the numerical method and model. Further, a strong earthquake with the peak acceleration of 1 g is assumed to act on the landside, the initiation and evolution process of landslide is simulated, and the movement features of landslide are discussed. The dynamic failure of landslide and the local amplification of seismic wave can be embodied, indicating that the improved DDA provides an alternative approach for analyzing the seismic dynamic response of jointed rock.
{"title":"Study on the Dynamic Response of Landslide Subjected to Earthquake by the Improved DDA Method","authors":"Xiu-Li Zhang, Bingsen Xie, Hao Wang, Y. Jiao","doi":"10.1155/2021/6637939","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/6637939","url":null,"abstract":"Majiagou landslide, a major ancient landslide in Three Gorges Reservoir region, is located in the high earthquake area of southwest China. The 2013 Badong earthquake caused an obvious deformation of landslide monitored by the sliding inclinometer. A strong earthquake may induce the reactivation of ancient landslide. So, it is necessary to research the seismic dynamic response of Majiagou landslide. For this purpose, discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA), improved by introducing the artificial joint and viscous boundary, is applied in this study. The displacements at monitoring points caused by Badong earthquake are calculated and compared with the field data, verifying the numerical method and model. Further, a strong earthquake with the peak acceleration of 1 g is assumed to act on the landside, the initiation and evolution process of landslide is simulated, and the movement features of landslide are discussed. The dynamic failure of landslide and the local amplification of seismic wave can be embodied, indicating that the improved DDA provides an alternative approach for analyzing the seismic dynamic response of jointed rock.","PeriodicalId":45541,"journal":{"name":"Modelling and Simulation in Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2021-03-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89772886","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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