Muneeb Javed, S. M. Asim, A. Khalil, Said Farooq Shah, Z. Almaspoor
The Rayleigh flexible Weibull extension (RFWE) distribution, a new three-parameter model introduced in this paper, is a generalization of the flexible Weibull extension. This model produces best fit for failure time of electronic device obtained from power-linkage voltage spikes during electronic storms. We derive the statistical properties of the RFWE distribution. The parameters of this new distribution are estimated using the maximum likelihood method, which also yielded asymptotic confidence bounds. This model is examined using both real and simulated data. Under various priors, an additional Bayesian estimate is also carried out. The Bayes estimates and other posterior results are calculated using simulations.
{"title":"New Rayleigh Flexible Weibull Extension (RFWE) Distribution with Applications to Real and Simulated Data","authors":"Muneeb Javed, S. M. Asim, A. Khalil, Said Farooq Shah, Z. Almaspoor","doi":"10.1155/2022/7718284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7718284","url":null,"abstract":"The Rayleigh flexible Weibull extension (RFWE) distribution, a new three-parameter model introduced in this paper, is a generalization of the flexible Weibull extension. This model produces best fit for failure time of electronic device obtained from power-linkage voltage spikes during electronic storms. We derive the statistical properties of the RFWE distribution. The parameters of this new distribution are estimated using the maximum likelihood method, which also yielded asymptotic confidence bounds. This model is examined using both real and simulated data. Under various priors, an additional Bayesian estimate is also carried out. The Bayes estimates and other posterior results are calculated using simulations.","PeriodicalId":45541,"journal":{"name":"Modelling and Simulation in Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72884657","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Alam, Rukon Uddin, M. J. Alam, Ahamed Raihan, S. Mahtab, Subrata Bhowmik
Ferroelectric negative capacitance materials have now been proposed for lowering electronics energy dissipation beyond basic limitations. In this paper, we presented the analysis on the performance of negative capacitance (NC) FinFET in comparison with conventional gate dielectrics by using a separation of variables approach, which is an optimal quasi-3D mathematical model. The result has been signified steeper surface potential (ψ), lower threshold voltage (Vth), 1.2 mA of on-state current (Ion), and enhanced immunity of negative capacitance FinFET against short channel effects (SCE’s) like 35.3 mV/V of drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL), 60 mV/dec of subthreshold swing (SS) along with smallest off state current (Ioff) among another conventional gate dielectric. Hence, NC FinFET can be a potential candidate for low power and high-performance device.
{"title":"Mathematical Modeling and Performance Evaluation of 3D Ferroelectric Negative Capacitance FinFET","authors":"S. Alam, Rukon Uddin, M. J. Alam, Ahamed Raihan, S. Mahtab, Subrata Bhowmik","doi":"10.1155/2022/8345513","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8345513","url":null,"abstract":"Ferroelectric negative capacitance materials have now been proposed for lowering electronics energy dissipation beyond basic limitations. In this paper, we presented the analysis on the performance of negative capacitance (NC) FinFET in comparison with conventional gate dielectrics by using a separation of variables approach, which is an optimal quasi-3D mathematical model. The result has been signified steeper surface potential (ψ), lower threshold voltage (Vth), 1.2 mA of on-state current (Ion), and enhanced immunity of negative capacitance FinFET against short channel effects (SCE’s) like 35.3 mV/V of drain-induced barrier lowering (DIBL), 60 mV/dec of subthreshold swing (SS) along with smallest off state current (Ioff) among another conventional gate dielectric. Hence, NC FinFET can be a potential candidate for low power and high-performance device.","PeriodicalId":45541,"journal":{"name":"Modelling and Simulation in Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87315844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective reasons associated with an increase of transport quantity and the volume of industrial goods and energy service production lead to the accumulation of used oils and greases. These substances can be reused in the case of their purification. Such resource saving is facilitated by the development of technologies, in particular, adsorption purification and efficient systems for their automation. The article carried out a detailed analysis of the continuous adsorption purification technological system and indicated its significant differences from the point of view of control systems with special preparation of raw materials. The conclusion about the presence of nonstationarity and stochasticity sources of continuous adsorption as a control object is substantiated, which made it possible to impose requirements on the properties of the control model. The existing methods of adsorption mathematical description are analyzed within their use for continuous control. Structures of dynamic models based on a combination of analytical and experimental methods are proposed. Analytical models are based on mass balances of substances, known forms of approximations for describing equilibrium conditions and adsorption kinetics are studied, and experimental and statistical modeling is carried out to determine possible structures of the connection between technological variables during control. A structural-parametric scheme of the model and a scheme for its adaptation in control systems have been formed. An example of an adsorption simulation model formation using MATLAB+Simulink is shown. The results can be used to develop software for control systems of continuous adsorption and to test control algorithms.
{"title":"Simulation of the Industrial Oil Adsorption Purification Process for Automation Tasks","authors":"Liudmyla Yaroshchuk, Yevheniia Tiurina","doi":"10.1155/2022/2738654","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2738654","url":null,"abstract":"Objective reasons associated with an increase of transport quantity and the volume of industrial goods and energy service production lead to the accumulation of used oils and greases. These substances can be reused in the case of their purification. Such resource saving is facilitated by the development of technologies, in particular, adsorption purification and efficient systems for their automation. The article carried out a detailed analysis of the continuous adsorption purification technological system and indicated its significant differences from the point of view of control systems with special preparation of raw materials. The conclusion about the presence of nonstationarity and stochasticity sources of continuous adsorption as a control object is substantiated, which made it possible to impose requirements on the properties of the control model. The existing methods of adsorption mathematical description are analyzed within their use for continuous control. Structures of dynamic models based on a combination of analytical and experimental methods are proposed. Analytical models are based on mass balances of substances, known forms of approximations for describing equilibrium conditions and adsorption kinetics are studied, and experimental and statistical modeling is carried out to determine possible structures of the connection between technological variables during control. A structural-parametric scheme of the model and a scheme for its adaptation in control systems have been formed. An example of an adsorption simulation model formation using MATLAB+Simulink is shown. The results can be used to develop software for control systems of continuous adsorption and to test control algorithms.","PeriodicalId":45541,"journal":{"name":"Modelling and Simulation in Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79438895","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Braunfelds, Elvis Haritonovs, U. Seņkāns, I. Kurbatska, I. Murans, J. Porins, S. Spolitis
Most optical sensors on the market are optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors with low reflectivity (typically 7-40%) and low side-lobe suppression (SLS) ratio (typically SLS <15 dB), which prevents these sensors from being effectively used for long-distance remote monitoring and sensor network solutions. This research is based on designing the optimal grating structure of FBG sensors and estimating their optimal apodization parameters necessary for sensor networks and long-distance monitoring solutions. Gaussian, sine, and raised sine apodizations are studied to achieve the main requirements, which are maximally high reflectivity (at least 90%) and side-lobe suppression (at least 20 dB), as well as maximally narrow bandwidth (FWHM<0.2 nm) and FBGs with uniform (without apodization). Results gathered in this research propose high-efficiency FBG grating apodizations, which can be further physically realized for optical sensor networks and long-distance (at least 40 km) monitoring solutions.
{"title":"Designing of Fiber Bragg Gratings for Long-Distance Optical Fiber Sensing Networks","authors":"J. Braunfelds, Elvis Haritonovs, U. Seņkāns, I. Kurbatska, I. Murans, J. Porins, S. Spolitis","doi":"10.1155/2022/8331485","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8331485","url":null,"abstract":"Most optical sensors on the market are optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors with low reflectivity (typically 7-40%) and low side-lobe suppression (SLS) ratio (typically SLS <15 dB), which prevents these sensors from being effectively used for long-distance remote monitoring and sensor network solutions. This research is based on designing the optimal grating structure of FBG sensors and estimating their optimal apodization parameters necessary for sensor networks and long-distance monitoring solutions. Gaussian, sine, and raised sine apodizations are studied to achieve the main requirements, which are maximally high reflectivity (at least 90%) and side-lobe suppression (at least 20 dB), as well as maximally narrow bandwidth (FWHM<0.2 nm) and FBGs with uniform (without apodization). Results gathered in this research propose high-efficiency FBG grating apodizations, which can be further physically realized for optical sensor networks and long-distance (at least 40 km) monitoring solutions.","PeriodicalId":45541,"journal":{"name":"Modelling and Simulation in Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89444666","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Irédon Adjama, N. Derkyi, F. Uba, G. Akolgo, Richard Opuko
The choice of feedstock for biogas production should not only be limited to organic waste like agricultural products, food, and animal waste. Human feces could also be considered a source of biogas production. The ever-increasing cost of fossil fuels and environmental pollution threats are forcing the search for alternative energy sources. Several types of research have to unlock the mysteries behind the difficulties of producing biogas from human feces, especially the production of more HN3, which is a greenhouse gas because of its low C:N ratio. This research experimentally investigated how to reduce their amount using rice straw with a high C:N ratio. Several combinations were made between the human waste and the rice straw at different ratios during the experiment. The result shows that the optimal outcome for methane production fell on the 50% HF and 50% RS combination due to the actions of both aerobic and anaerobic processes.
{"title":"Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Human Feces with Rice Straw for Biogas Production: A Case Study in Sunyani","authors":"Irédon Adjama, N. Derkyi, F. Uba, G. Akolgo, Richard Opuko","doi":"10.1155/2022/2608045","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2608045","url":null,"abstract":"The choice of feedstock for biogas production should not only be limited to organic waste like agricultural products, food, and animal waste. Human feces could also be considered a source of biogas production. The ever-increasing cost of fossil fuels and environmental pollution threats are forcing the search for alternative energy sources. Several types of research have to unlock the mysteries behind the difficulties of producing biogas from human feces, especially the production of more HN3, which is a greenhouse gas because of its low C:N ratio. This research experimentally investigated how to reduce their amount using rice straw with a high C:N ratio. Several combinations were made between the human waste and the rice straw at different ratios during the experiment. The result shows that the optimal outcome for methane production fell on the 50% HF and 50% RS combination due to the actions of both aerobic and anaerobic processes.","PeriodicalId":45541,"journal":{"name":"Modelling and Simulation in Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85391606","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this paper, a nonlinear coupling model with hysteresis, dynamics, and creep is proposed to describe accurately the complex characteristics of piezoelectric-actuated positioning stage, where a classic Hammerstein model in series with a fractional-order model is given. The fractional-order model is presented to express the nonlinear creep characteristics. Firstly, the Hammerstein structure model is composed of two blocks, where the former block is the classical PI model to describe the static hysteresis effects, and the latter block is the second-order discrete transfer function model to characterize the dynamic characteristics. In addition, the parameters of the coupling model are identified. Secondly, based on the built model, the inverse of fractional-order model and the inverse of PI model are implemented as the feedforward compensations, and an adaptive control is designed to adjust the tracking performance of the whole system. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed coupling model and controllers are verified by the piezoelectric-actuated positioning experiment stage. Experimental results show that the established coupling model can accurately characterize the hysteresis, dynamics, and creep properties of the stage. Also, the results show that the tracking error is less than 0.8% at low frequency and mixed frequency.
{"title":"Coupling Modeling and Adaptive Control for Piezoelectric-Actuated Positioning Stage","authors":"Liang Li, Shi-Xin Zhang, Sheng-Jun Wen","doi":"10.1155/2022/2534439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2534439","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, a nonlinear coupling model with hysteresis, dynamics, and creep is proposed to describe accurately the complex characteristics of piezoelectric-actuated positioning stage, where a classic Hammerstein model in series with a fractional-order model is given. The fractional-order model is presented to express the nonlinear creep characteristics. Firstly, the Hammerstein structure model is composed of two blocks, where the former block is the classical PI model to describe the static hysteresis effects, and the latter block is the second-order discrete transfer function model to characterize the dynamic characteristics. In addition, the parameters of the coupling model are identified. Secondly, based on the built model, the inverse of fractional-order model and the inverse of PI model are implemented as the feedforward compensations, and an adaptive control is designed to adjust the tracking performance of the whole system. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed coupling model and controllers are verified by the piezoelectric-actuated positioning experiment stage. Experimental results show that the established coupling model can accurately characterize the hysteresis, dynamics, and creep properties of the stage. Also, the results show that the tracking error is less than 0.8% at low frequency and mixed frequency.","PeriodicalId":45541,"journal":{"name":"Modelling and Simulation in Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86834095","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Shoaib Sheikh, Dileep Kumar, Abdul Hakeem, Arsalan Muhammad Soomar
The fundamental and durable structures of induction motor, as well as their low manufacturing cost, make them popular components in a wide range of current applications. Providing a safety net for employees is a must-have for businesses. This project’s motivation for improvement is to provide industrial motors, lift motors, pumps, and so on with safety. An induction motor’s primary goal is to protect it from problems, such as single phasing and overheating, as well as other issues. Providing industrial motors, pumps, lift motors, and other similar devices with security is a major motivation behind the emergence of this issue. Any of the three phases missing or the motor temperature above the predetermined threshold causes the motor to stop instantly. Three one-stage transformers are connected to a three-phase power supply in the system. Power will be cut to the transformer circuit if any phase is available. Motors can be turned off by relays sending a signal to the four-pole contactor. As a result, the motor’s three-phase power supply has been cut off. Temperature readings are taken from a thermistor (DHT22) that is attached to the motor. At higher temperatures, the three-phase supply will be cut off by a four-pole contactor, and the motor will shut off. This manuscript resolves the uses transformers to solve the problem of single phasing. Also, our project addresses the issue by using microcontroller. It senses all the three phases and decides whether to supply power to induction motor or to disconnect. It deals with the temperature problem, and it uses a thermistor to disconnect the circuitry, whereas in our project, a microcontroller senses the overwhelming temperature and acts accordingly, i.e., give a signal and then move towards disconnection.
{"title":"Protection System Design of Induction Motor for Industries","authors":"Shoaib Sheikh, Dileep Kumar, Abdul Hakeem, Arsalan Muhammad Soomar","doi":"10.1155/2022/7423018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7423018","url":null,"abstract":"The fundamental and durable structures of induction motor, as well as their low manufacturing cost, make them popular components in a wide range of current applications. Providing a safety net for employees is a must-have for businesses. This project’s motivation for improvement is to provide industrial motors, lift motors, pumps, and so on with safety. An induction motor’s primary goal is to protect it from problems, such as single phasing and overheating, as well as other issues. Providing industrial motors, pumps, lift motors, and other similar devices with security is a major motivation behind the emergence of this issue. Any of the three phases missing or the motor temperature above the predetermined threshold causes the motor to stop instantly. Three one-stage transformers are connected to a three-phase power supply in the system. Power will be cut to the transformer circuit if any phase is available. Motors can be turned off by relays sending a signal to the four-pole contactor. As a result, the motor’s three-phase power supply has been cut off. Temperature readings are taken from a thermistor (DHT22) that is attached to the motor. At higher temperatures, the three-phase supply will be cut off by a four-pole contactor, and the motor will shut off. This manuscript resolves the uses transformers to solve the problem of single phasing. Also, our project addresses the issue by using microcontroller. It senses all the three phases and decides whether to supply power to induction motor or to disconnect. It deals with the temperature problem, and it uses a thermistor to disconnect the circuitry, whereas in our project, a microcontroller senses the overwhelming temperature and acts accordingly, i.e., give a signal and then move towards disconnection.","PeriodicalId":45541,"journal":{"name":"Modelling and Simulation in Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74963254","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
People who sit incorrectly can have musculoskeletal disorders like cervical spondylosis and lumbar vertebra disease, but without the guidance of a health care professional, it is difficult for people to evaluate their posture and adopt a more appropriate posture. Therefore, to solve this problem, we established a multilevel sitting posture evaluation system by analyzing the parameters such as joint angle, joint torque, joint force, and muscle force. Use the analytic hierarchy process and entropy comprehensive weighting method to weight evaluation indicators. According to their evaluation standards, each parameter is given weight after quantization and normalization. Firstly, take several sitting postures that often appear in office work as examples and use the lower back analysis and joint and static pressure analysis tools in JACK software for simulation analysis. Then, the weights of various parameters such as joints and muscles of the human body were calculated using the hierarchy analysis and entropy weight method, and the quantitative evaluation system of office sitting comfort was constructed. We recruited 50 subjects for an office simulation experiment to verify the feasibility of the evaluation index. Finally, we classified the sitting posture and selected those commonly used in life for evaluation. The proposed sitting posture evaluation system can objectively and comprehensively reflect the quality of sitting posture and guide people to adopt what kind of sitting posture.
{"title":"Construction of Evaluation Index System of Office Sitting Comfort Based on Ergonomics","authors":"Jiadian Hu, Shoudong Shi, Jiaqing Zheng, Zhiyuan Fang","doi":"10.1155/2022/5909778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5909778","url":null,"abstract":"People who sit incorrectly can have musculoskeletal disorders like cervical spondylosis and lumbar vertebra disease, but without the guidance of a health care professional, it is difficult for people to evaluate their posture and adopt a more appropriate posture. Therefore, to solve this problem, we established a multilevel sitting posture evaluation system by analyzing the parameters such as joint angle, joint torque, joint force, and muscle force. Use the analytic hierarchy process and entropy comprehensive weighting method to weight evaluation indicators. According to their evaluation standards, each parameter is given weight after quantization and normalization. Firstly, take several sitting postures that often appear in office work as examples and use the lower back analysis and joint and static pressure analysis tools in JACK software for simulation analysis. Then, the weights of various parameters such as joints and muscles of the human body were calculated using the hierarchy analysis and entropy weight method, and the quantitative evaluation system of office sitting comfort was constructed. We recruited 50 subjects for an office simulation experiment to verify the feasibility of the evaluation index. Finally, we classified the sitting posture and selected those commonly used in life for evaluation. The proposed sitting posture evaluation system can objectively and comprehensively reflect the quality of sitting posture and guide people to adopt what kind of sitting posture.","PeriodicalId":45541,"journal":{"name":"Modelling and Simulation in Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83804578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Imtiaz Ul Hassan, Huma Zia, H. S. Fatima, S. Yusuf, M. Khurram
End-to-end learning for autonomous driving uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict the steering angle from a raw image input. Most of the solutions available for end-to-end autonomous driving are computationally too expensive, which increases the inference of autonomous driving in real time. Therefore, in this paper, CNN architecture has been trained which is lightweight and achieves comparable results to Nvidia’s PilotNet. The data used to train and evaluate the network is collected from the Car Learning to Act (CARLA) simulator. To evaluate the proposed architecture, the MSE (mean squared error) is used as the performance metric. Results of the experiment shows that the proposed model is 4x lighter than Nvidia’s PilotNet in term of parameters but still attains comparable results to PilotNet. The proposed model has achieved 5.1 × 10 − 4 MSE on testing data while PilotNet MSE was 4.7 × 10 − 4 .
{"title":"A Lightweight Convolutional Neural Network to Predict Steering Angle for Autonomous Driving Using CARLA Simulator","authors":"Imtiaz Ul Hassan, Huma Zia, H. S. Fatima, S. Yusuf, M. Khurram","doi":"10.1155/2022/5716820","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/5716820","url":null,"abstract":"End-to-end learning for autonomous driving uses a convolutional neural network (CNN) to predict the steering angle from a raw image input. Most of the solutions available for end-to-end autonomous driving are computationally too expensive, which increases the inference of autonomous driving in real time. Therefore, in this paper, CNN architecture has been trained which is lightweight and achieves comparable results to Nvidia’s PilotNet. The data used to train and evaluate the network is collected from the Car Learning to Act (CARLA) simulator. To evaluate the proposed architecture, the MSE (mean squared error) is used as the performance metric. Results of the experiment shows that the proposed model is 4x lighter than Nvidia’s PilotNet in term of parameters but still attains comparable results to PilotNet. The proposed model has achieved \u0000 \u0000 5.1\u0000 ×\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 10\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 −\u0000 4\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 MSE on testing data while PilotNet MSE was \u0000 \u0000 4.7\u0000 ×\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 10\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 −\u0000 4\u0000 \u0000 \u0000 \u0000 .","PeriodicalId":45541,"journal":{"name":"Modelling and Simulation in Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75959431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the real applications, we found that it is difficult to achieve good control performance through manually tuning proportional–integral (PI) parameters of phase locked loop (PLL) and speed-loop of Luenberger observer (LO) for the PMSM sensorless control system. Therefore, this paper is to use the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to optimize the PI parameters of PLL and speed-loop of Luenberger observer of the system. Firstly, the ranges of PLL parameters are obtained by analyzing the PLL subsystem stability. Then, the ranges of PI parameters of PLL and speed-loop are set based on theoretical estimation and empirical values. The control system model is realized in MATLAB/Simulink that considers the constraints such as the saturation. The integral time absolute error is the objective function, and the PSO with different topologies is used to optimize the PI parameters. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method is feasible, and the optimized parameters can effectively improve the precision of position estimation and speed estimation. Moreover, the simulations and experiments are carried out to verify the robustness of the proposed method, and the results show that the optimized system can achieve good performance when there are uncertainties or disturbances.
{"title":"Optimized Luenberger Observer-Based PMSM Sensorless Control by PSO","authors":"Rongfu Luo, Zenghui Wang, Yanxia Sun","doi":"10.1155/2022/3328719","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/3328719","url":null,"abstract":"In the real applications, we found that it is difficult to achieve good control performance through manually tuning proportional–integral (PI) parameters of phase locked loop (PLL) and speed-loop of Luenberger observer (LO) for the PMSM sensorless control system. Therefore, this paper is to use the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to optimize the PI parameters of PLL and speed-loop of Luenberger observer of the system. Firstly, the ranges of PLL parameters are obtained by analyzing the PLL subsystem stability. Then, the ranges of PI parameters of PLL and speed-loop are set based on theoretical estimation and empirical values. The control system model is realized in MATLAB/Simulink that considers the constraints such as the saturation. The integral time absolute error is the objective function, and the PSO with different topologies is used to optimize the PI parameters. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed method is feasible, and the optimized parameters can effectively improve the precision of position estimation and speed estimation. Moreover, the simulations and experiments are carried out to verify the robustness of the proposed method, and the results show that the optimized system can achieve good performance when there are uncertainties or disturbances.","PeriodicalId":45541,"journal":{"name":"Modelling and Simulation in Engineering","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2022-08-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77038743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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