Although different approaches, such as the bottom-up and the top-down approach, have been used as interventions to treat Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), there is controversy about the effectiveness of these approaches as interventions. The purpose of this study was to determine if a perceptual-motor intervention would improve the symptoms associated with DCD. Children (N=76) with DCD between the ages of five and eight years, participated in this study. The study had a pre-/post-test experimental design (n=36) with a control group (n=40).The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 was used to assess the motor proficiency levels of the children. The intervention comprised a 10-week programme of two 30-minute sessions per week. The dependent variables were all measurable on an interval scale. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used. After the intervention, one subtest, balance, showed a significant change (p=0.050), while manual dexterity (p=0.797) and aiming and catching (p=0.252), showed no significant changes.These three components contributed to the total test score, which revealed no significant difference (p=0.068) in the overall motor proficiency levels of the experimental group and the control group.
{"title":"Perceptual-motor intervention for developmental coordination disorder in Grade 1 children","authors":"M. D. Milander, F. Coetzee, A. Venter","doi":"10.4314/SAJRS.V37I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SAJRS.V37I2","url":null,"abstract":"Although different approaches, such as the bottom-up and the top-down approach, have been used as interventions to treat Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD), there is controversy about the effectiveness of these approaches as interventions. The purpose of this study was to determine if a perceptual-motor intervention would improve the symptoms associated with DCD. Children (N=76) with DCD between the ages of five and eight years, participated in this study. The study had a pre-/post-test experimental design (n=36) with a control group (n=40).The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 was used to assess the motor proficiency levels of the children. The intervention comprised a 10-week programme of two 30-minute sessions per week. The dependent variables were all measurable on an interval scale. The Mann-Whitney U-test was used. After the intervention, one subtest, balance, showed a significant change (p=0.050), while manual dexterity (p=0.797) and aiming and catching (p=0.252), showed no significant changes.These three components contributed to the total test score, which revealed no significant difference (p=0.068) in the overall motor proficiency levels of the experimental group and the control group.","PeriodicalId":45543,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal for Research in Sport Physical Education and Recreation","volume":"37 1","pages":"15-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70655391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to determine whether leisure-time physical activities (PAs) affect obesity in Korean adults. The participants included505 men and 1,061 women (>20 years) who visited a public health centre in Seoul during 2010-2011.They completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and their Body Mass Index was calculated. Obesity was defined according to the current World Health Organization criteria. The association was assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjustment for sex, age, smoking/drinking, sleep duration, mental stress, education and economic status. Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for the association between obesity and vigorous, moderate, and light PA compared to those who do not participate in any PA were: 0.931 (p=0.691), 0.893 (p=0.531)and 0.815 (p=0.302) for once/week, respectively; 0.940 (p=0.789), 0.690 (p=0.129), and 0.787 (p=0.342) for twice/week, respectively; 1.031 (p=0.897), 1.375 (p=0.137)and 1.180 (p=0.473) for three times/week, respectively; 1.109 (p=0.759), 0.804 (p=0.491), and 0.907 (p=0.763) for four times/week, respectively; and 0.357 (p=0.006), 0.509 (p=0.034), and 0.641 (p=0.038) for >five times/week, respectively. Vigorous, moderate, and light PA >five times/week may reduce or prevent obesity in Korean adults. Key words: Physical activity; Prevalence of obesity; Body Mass Index; Korea.
{"title":"Association between leisure-time physical activities and obesity in a selected sample of korean adults","authors":"Jin-ho Yoon, W. So","doi":"10.4314/SAJRS.V37I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SAJRS.V37I1","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to determine whether leisure-time physical activities (PAs) affect obesity in Korean adults. The participants included505 men and 1,061 women (>20 years) who visited a public health centre in Seoul during 2010-2011.They completed the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and their Body Mass Index was calculated. Obesity was defined according to the current World Health Organization criteria. The association was assessed using multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjustment for sex, age, smoking/drinking, sleep duration, mental stress, education and economic status. Odds ratios (95% confidence interval) for the association between obesity and vigorous, moderate, and light PA compared to those who do not participate in any PA were: 0.931 (p=0.691), 0.893 (p=0.531)and 0.815 (p=0.302) for once/week, respectively; 0.940 (p=0.789), 0.690 (p=0.129), and 0.787 (p=0.342) for twice/week, respectively; 1.031 (p=0.897), 1.375 (p=0.137)and 1.180 (p=0.473) for three times/week, respectively; 1.109 (p=0.759), 0.804 (p=0.491), and 0.907 (p=0.763) for four times/week, respectively; and 0.357 (p=0.006), 0.509 (p=0.034), and 0.641 (p=0.038) for >five times/week, respectively. Vigorous, moderate, and light PA >five times/week may reduce or prevent obesity in Korean adults. Key words: Physical activity; Prevalence of obesity; Body Mass Index; Korea.","PeriodicalId":45543,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal for Research in Sport Physical Education and Recreation","volume":"37 1","pages":"165-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2015-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70655830","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Buscombe, Lindsay Bottoms, Helen Andersson, Alannah M. Smyth, Stephen D. Edwards, David J. Edwards
The aim of this study was to record experiences of three meditation conditions: Ratio Breathing, Transcendental Meditation and Zazen, with special reference to sport, health, neuro-physiology and sense of coherence. The participants (N=9), seven males and two females were all British, actively competing across a range of individual and team sports, with no experience of using meditation techniques or practices in their sporting or daily lives. Their mean age was 31.56 years with an age range of 22 to 44 years. The study employed a within-subjects, repeated measures design, with each participant practising each meditation condition in a randomly counterbalanced order. Integrative findings support the value of all three meditation conditions for health and to a lesser extent for sport, especially with regard to their effect on focus. All three meditation conditions were associated with a decrease in respiration. The differential effect of the meditations was apparent. Participants valued Ratio breathing for its effect on concentration, Transcendental Meditation for its depth of meditation and Zazen for its effect on self and removal of external distractions. These qualitative findings were associated with differentially significant quantitative effects on lowered respiration rate in the Ratio Breathing group, increased physical relaxation and alpha activity in the Transcendental Meditation group, and increases in both alpha and theta activity in the Zazen group.
{"title":"NEUROPHYSIOLOGICAL, PSYCHOLOGICAL, SPORT AND HEALTH DIMENSIONS OF THREE MEDITATION TECHNIQUES","authors":"R. Buscombe, Lindsay Bottoms, Helen Andersson, Alannah M. Smyth, Stephen D. Edwards, David J. Edwards","doi":"10.4314/SAJRS.V36I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SAJRS.V36I2","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to record experiences of three meditation conditions: Ratio Breathing, Transcendental Meditation and Zazen, with special reference to sport, health, neuro-physiology and sense of coherence. The participants (N=9), seven males and two females were all British, actively competing across a range of individual and team sports, with no experience of using meditation techniques or practices in their sporting or daily lives. Their mean age was 31.56 years with an age range of 22 to 44 years. The study employed a within-subjects, repeated measures design, with each participant practising each meditation condition in a randomly counterbalanced order. Integrative findings support the value of all three meditation conditions for health and to a lesser extent for sport, especially with regard to their effect on focus. All three meditation conditions were associated with a decrease in respiration. The differential effect of the meditations was apparent. Participants valued Ratio breathing for its effect on concentration, Transcendental Meditation for its depth of meditation and Zazen for its effect on self and removal of external distractions. These qualitative findings were associated with differentially significant quantitative effects on lowered respiration rate in the Ratio Breathing group, increased physical relaxation and alpha activity in the Transcendental Meditation group, and increases in both alpha and theta activity in the Zazen group.","PeriodicalId":45543,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal for Research in Sport Physical Education and Recreation","volume":"36 1","pages":"15-32"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2014-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70654966","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The aim of this study was to develop a Turkish version of the “Leisure Negotiation Strategies Scale” for university students and to examine its validity and reliability. The Leisure Negotiation Strategies Scale contains 31 items, which are expressed on a 5-point Likert scale. The scale was tested in two separate samples comprising a total of 810 Turkish students. The first group (n=400) was used to test data using exploratory factor analysis, and the second group (n=410) was used to test data using confirmatory factor analysis. Explanatory factor analysis produced a 6-factor solution with the sub-dimensions time-management strategies, skill-acquisition strategies, interpersonal relations, intra-personal validation strategies, physical fitness strategies and financial management. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed this 6-factor solution (first order confirmatory factor analysis, GFI=0.85, AGFI=0.82, NFI=0.87, TLI=0.90, CFI=0.91, RMSEA=0.072, SRMR=0.074; second order confirmatory factor analysis, GFI=0.85, AGFI=0.82, NFI=0.87, TLI=0.90, CFI=0.91, RMSEA=0.072 and SRMR=0.074). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient values ranged from 0.70 to 0.77 in the 6 sub-dimensions. Finally, evidence of test-retest reliability of scale scores was supported, based on responses from 100 students. These results demonstrate that this Turkish version of the scale is a valid and reliable instrument for university students. Key words : Leisure constraints; Coping; Scale; Factor analysis; Turkish students.
{"title":"Leisure negotiation strategies scale : a study of validity and reliability for university students","authors":"Tennur Yerlisu-Lapa","doi":"10.4314/SAJRS.V36I3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SAJRS.V36I3","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to develop a Turkish version of the “Leisure Negotiation Strategies Scale” for university students and to examine its validity and reliability. The Leisure Negotiation Strategies Scale contains 31 items, which are expressed on a 5-point Likert scale. The scale was tested in two separate samples comprising a total of 810 Turkish students. The first group (n=400) was used to test data using exploratory factor analysis, and the second group (n=410) was used to test data using confirmatory factor analysis. Explanatory factor analysis produced a 6-factor solution with the sub-dimensions time-management strategies, skill-acquisition strategies, interpersonal relations, intra-personal validation strategies, physical fitness strategies and financial management. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed this 6-factor solution (first order confirmatory factor analysis, GFI=0.85, AGFI=0.82, NFI=0.87, TLI=0.90, CFI=0.91, RMSEA=0.072, SRMR=0.074; second order confirmatory factor analysis, GFI=0.85, AGFI=0.82, NFI=0.87, TLI=0.90, CFI=0.91, RMSEA=0.072 and SRMR=0.074). Cronbach’s alpha coefficient values ranged from 0.70 to 0.77 in the 6 sub-dimensions. Finally, evidence of test-retest reliability of scale scores was supported, based on responses from 100 students. These results demonstrate that this Turkish version of the scale is a valid and reliable instrument for university students. Key words : Leisure constraints; Coping; Scale; Factor analysis; Turkish students.","PeriodicalId":45543,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal for Research in Sport Physical Education and Recreation","volume":"36 1","pages":"201-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70655381","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Little research has connected the psychological contract and sport. Therefore, the content of the psychological contract of rugby team members was analysed and the correlation between the psychological contract and the perceived performance of rugby team members was determined. A longitudinal research design was chosen, along with a non-probability sampling technique. The sample consisted of rugby team members from a prominent rugby playing university in South Africa. A psychological contract questionnaire and perceived performance questionnaire were used. From the research, the content of the psychological contract of rugby team members was determined. The results indicated no correlation between the psychological contract and perceived performance, however, a strong correlation was found between Institute Obligations and Player Obligations. Another factor, which remains to be investigated, is leadership and the perceived performance of a rugby team. Keywords: Psychological contract; Breach; Violation; Performance; Team; Rugby. South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation , 2013, 35(2): 51-64
{"title":"Psychological contract and perceived performance of a rugby team","authors":"Alda Deas, Bennie Linde","doi":"10.4314/SAJRS.V35I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SAJRS.V35I2","url":null,"abstract":"Little research has connected the psychological contract and sport. Therefore, the content of the psychological contract of rugby team members was analysed and the correlation between the psychological contract and the perceived performance of rugby team members was determined. A longitudinal research design was chosen, along with a non-probability sampling technique. The sample consisted of rugby team members from a prominent rugby playing university in South Africa. A psychological contract questionnaire and perceived performance questionnaire were used. From the research, the content of the psychological contract of rugby team members was determined. The results indicated no correlation between the psychological contract and perceived performance, however, a strong correlation was found between Institute Obligations and Player Obligations. Another factor, which remains to be investigated, is leadership and the perceived performance of a rugby team. Keywords: Psychological contract; Breach; Violation; Performance; Team; Rugby. South African Journal for Research in Sport, Physical Education and Recreation , 2013, 35(2): 51-64","PeriodicalId":45543,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal for Research in Sport Physical Education and Recreation","volume":"35 1","pages":"51-64"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70654749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The objective of this study was to compare the views of the local spectators concerning the effects of the Winter Universiade and the European Youth Olympic Festival, two mega sport events held in Turkey in 2011. The participating group was composed of 878 local spectators who watched the games. The Mega Event Impact Scale, developed by Jie and Yan (2010), was used as the data collection tool. Dimensions forming the scale were compared according to the demographic characteristics of the sample group in order to define the views of the local spectators on the effects of mega events. The results revealed significant differences in the sample group in relation to the demographical characteristics of gender, education, occupation and income status regarding the effects of the Winter Universiade and the European Youth Olympic Festival events. The monthly income of the local spectators who attended the events did not influence the effects perceived. Sample group views on both positive and negative effects of these two events have high averages. In other words, positive and negative effects were detected in both the Winter Universiade held in Erzurum and the European Youth Olympic Festival held in Trabzon. Key words: Mega sport events; Local spectator impressions; Winter Universiade; European Youth Olympic Festival.
{"title":"Comparing effects of Winter Universiade (2011) and European Youth Olympic Festival (2011) mega sport events","authors":"K. Y. Şimşek","doi":"10.4314/SAJRS.V36I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SAJRS.V36I1","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to compare the views of the local spectators concerning the effects of the Winter Universiade and the European Youth Olympic Festival, two mega sport events held in Turkey in 2011. The participating group was composed of 878 local spectators who watched the games. The Mega Event Impact Scale, developed by Jie and Yan (2010), was used as the data collection tool. Dimensions forming the scale were compared according to the demographic characteristics of the sample group in order to define the views of the local spectators on the effects of mega events. The results revealed significant differences in the sample group in relation to the demographical characteristics of gender, education, occupation and income status regarding the effects of the Winter Universiade and the European Youth Olympic Festival events. The monthly income of the local spectators who attended the events did not influence the effects perceived. Sample group views on both positive and negative effects of these two events have high averages. In other words, positive and negative effects were detected in both the Winter Universiade held in Erzurum and the European Youth Olympic Festival held in Trabzon. Key words: Mega sport events; Local spectator impressions; Winter Universiade; European Youth Olympic Festival.","PeriodicalId":45543,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal for Research in Sport Physical Education and Recreation","volume":"36 1","pages":"183-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70654910","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of the study was to identify associations between dominant lower limb asymmetry in unanticipated agility performance and prospective injury occurrence. Female netball players (N=24) performed unanticipated 180° turn agility sprints on both the dominant and non-dominant legs interspersed with an additional straight running (no turn) task (5 trials per task), which were cued randomly using a visual monitor in the gait laboratory. A symmetry index was calculated for turn performance time over 2m for each netballer. Netball players were contacted regularly throughout the following six-month period for verification of any lower extremity injury experienced during their netball season. Pearson correlation coefficients with 90% confidence intervals were used to identify any associations between dominant limb asymmetry of greater than 10% for unanticipated agility performance and injury occurrence. Lower limb injury occurred in 37.5% (n=9/24) of the netball players. All injuries (100%) occurred in the netballer's dominant leg. A dominant limb asymmetry of greater than 10% in performance was identified for 57% (4/7) of the injured netball players and 14% (1/7) of the non-injured netball players. A moderate association of r=0.45 (90% CI: -0.01 to 0.75) was identified between dominant limb asymmetry of greater than 10% and injury occurrence.
{"title":"Dominant limb asymmetry associated with prospective injury occurrence","authors":"P. Maulder","doi":"10.4314/SAJRS.V35I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SAJRS.V35I1","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the study was to identify associations between dominant lower limb asymmetry in unanticipated agility performance and prospective injury occurrence. Female netball players (N=24) performed unanticipated 180° turn agility sprints on both the dominant and non-dominant legs interspersed with an additional straight running (no turn) task (5 trials per task), which were cued randomly using a visual monitor in the gait laboratory. A symmetry index was calculated for turn performance time over 2m for each netballer. Netball players were contacted regularly throughout the following six-month period for verification of any lower extremity injury experienced during their netball season. Pearson correlation coefficients with 90% confidence intervals were used to identify any associations between dominant limb asymmetry of greater than 10% for unanticipated agility performance and injury occurrence. Lower limb injury occurred in 37.5% (n=9/24) of the netball players. All injuries (100%) occurred in the netballer's dominant leg. A dominant limb asymmetry of greater than 10% in performance was identified for 57% (4/7) of the injured netball players and 14% (1/7) of the non-injured netball players. A moderate association of r=0.45 (90% CI: -0.01 to 0.75) was identified between dominant limb asymmetry of greater than 10% and injury occurrence.","PeriodicalId":45543,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal for Research in Sport Physical Education and Recreation","volume":"35 1","pages":"121-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2013-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70654398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of leisure on the overall Quality of Work Life (QWL) of Front Office Employees (FOEs). This paper presents the results of a self-administered survey, consisting of 12 sections, used to collect data from 145 Front Office Employees in February 2010. A confirmatory factor analyses and a Spearman correlation coefficient were used to determine the relationship between Leisure time, Leisure preferences and Quality of Work Life domains. The study found that Leisure has a definite effect on the overall QWL of FOE; employees lack time to participate in leisure activities; and a positive relationship exists between Leisure and Physical health and safety. This type of research has not previously been conducted on FOEs in a South African hotel group and contributes largely to literature on leisure and QWL.
{"title":"Does leisure have an effect on employee's quality of work life?","authors":"Rosa Naude, S. Kruger, M. Saayman","doi":"10.4314/SAJRS.V34I2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SAJRS.V34I2","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research was to determine the effect of leisure on the overall Quality of Work Life (QWL) of Front Office Employees (FOEs). This paper presents the results of a self-administered survey, consisting of 12 sections, used to collect data from 145 Front Office Employees in February 2010. A confirmatory factor analyses and a Spearman correlation coefficient were used to determine the relationship between Leisure time, Leisure preferences and Quality of Work Life domains. The study found that Leisure has a definite effect on the overall QWL of FOE; employees lack time to participate in leisure activities; and a positive relationship exists between Leisure and Physical health and safety. This type of research has not previously been conducted on FOEs in a South African hotel group and contributes largely to literature on leisure and QWL.","PeriodicalId":45543,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal for Research in Sport Physical Education and Recreation","volume":"34 1","pages":"153-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70654551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
During the last decade of the 19 th and first two decades of the 20 th century, the Cape Colony education authorities employed an instructional method known as physical training or physical training drill. This investigation expands on two previous studies that explored the Coronation Physical Training Competition (1902-1906). The low number of entries indicates that the Education Department was not serious in drawing a mass of learners to the competition. This article investigates the racial considerations behind this. The competition was organised in a post South African War (1899-1902) period where the education authorities asserted British racial superiority through their concern with race. The Coronation Physical Training Competition fitted into this agenda. Despite betrayal by the English during the post South African War negotiations, Black political movements and individuals continued seeking means to prove themselves loyal subjects of the King. Black schools therefore had no problem with competing in the Coronation Competition as second-class citizens. The education authorities held two Coronation competitions under the same banner. The competition was not only divided racially but differed in quality, favouring Whites.
{"title":"Exercising 'Race' through the coronation physical training competition","authors":"F. Cleophas, F. V. D. Merwe","doi":"10.4314/SAJRS.V34I1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SAJRS.V34I1","url":null,"abstract":"During the last decade of the 19 th and first two decades of the 20 th century, the Cape Colony education authorities employed an instructional method known as physical training or physical training drill. This investigation expands on two previous studies that explored the Coronation Physical Training Competition (1902-1906). The low number of entries indicates that the Education Department was not serious in drawing a mass of learners to the competition. This article investigates the racial considerations behind this. The competition was organised in a post South African War (1899-1902) period where the education authorities asserted British racial superiority through their concern with race. The Coronation Physical Training Competition fitted into this agenda. Despite betrayal by the English during the post South African War negotiations, Black political movements and individuals continued seeking means to prove themselves loyal subjects of the King. Black schools therefore had no problem with competing in the Coronation Competition as second-class citizens. The education authorities held two Coronation competitions under the same banner. The competition was not only divided racially but differed in quality, favouring Whites.","PeriodicalId":45543,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal for Research in Sport Physical Education and Recreation","volume":"34 1","pages":"43-56"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2012-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70654092","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2011-01-01DOI: 10.4314/SAJRS.V33I1.65492
M. Saayman
Festivals are becoming a key feature on the tourism calendar of many towns and cities. Cultivaria is one of South Africa’s newest arts festivals and is held at Paarl annually. The festival is one combining the arts, wine and food. The purpose of this research is to determine the reasons (motives) for visitors attending the festival. This information is needed so that a marketing plan can be developed, as well as to be able to ensure that visitors’ needs are fulfilled. In order to do this, the organisers’ need to know the reasons why people attend the festival. In order to achieve the goal of the research, a survey (N=450) was conducted where 409 questionnaires were successfully retrieved for use in a factor analysis. The results showed the three main motives for attendance were the event attraction, cultural exploration and escape. Escape was found to be the main motive, which contradicted similar research done in other parts of the world. The results also indicated that, even though Cultivaria is an Afrikaans-language festival, language did not play a significant role as a motivator to the event. This contradicted similar research conducted at Aardklop National Arts Festival, also primarily an Afrikaans-language festival. From the results, recommendations are made that will contribute to a more sustainable event.
节日正在成为许多城镇旅游日程上的一个重要特色。文化节是南非最新的艺术节之一，每年在帕尔举行。这是一个集艺术、美酒和美食于一体的节日。本研究的目的是确定游客参加节日的原因(动机)。这些信息是制定营销计划所必需的，也是确保游客需求得到满足的必要条件。为了做到这一点，组织者需要知道人们参加音乐节的原因。为了达到研究的目的，进行了一项调查(N=450)，其中409份问卷被成功地检索用于因子分析。调查结果显示，参加活动的三个主要动机是吸引活动、文化探索和逃避。研究发现，逃避是主要动机，这与世界其他地区的类似研究结果相矛盾。研究结果还表明，尽管文化节是南非荷兰语的节日，但语言并没有在活动中发挥重要的推动作用。这与在阿德克洛普国家艺术节(Aardklop National Arts Festival)进行的类似研究相矛盾，后者主要也是一个南非荷兰语艺术节。根据结果，提出了有助于举办更可持续的活动的建议。
{"title":"Motives for attending the Cultivaria Arts Festival","authors":"M. Saayman","doi":"10.4314/SAJRS.V33I1.65492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4314/SAJRS.V33I1.65492","url":null,"abstract":"Festivals are becoming a key feature on the tourism calendar of many towns and cities. Cultivaria is one of South Africa’s newest arts festivals and is held at Paarl annually. The festival is one combining the arts, wine and food. The purpose of this research is to determine the reasons (motives) for visitors attending the festival. This information is needed so that a marketing plan can be developed, as well as to be able to ensure that visitors’ needs are fulfilled. In order to do this, the organisers’ need to know the reasons why people attend the festival. In order to achieve the goal of the research, a survey (N=450) was conducted where 409 questionnaires were successfully retrieved for use in a factor analysis. The results showed the three main motives for attendance were the event attraction, cultural exploration and escape. Escape was found to be the main motive, which contradicted similar research done in other parts of the world. The results also indicated that, even though Cultivaria is an Afrikaans-language festival, language did not play a significant role as a motivator to the event. This contradicted similar research conducted at Aardklop National Arts Festival, also primarily an Afrikaans-language festival. From the results, recommendations are made that will contribute to a more sustainable event.","PeriodicalId":45543,"journal":{"name":"South African Journal for Research in Sport Physical Education and Recreation","volume":"33 1","pages":"109-120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2011-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70653899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"教育学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：