Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903578
Kata Tóth
The environmental history of the pre-modern Eastern and Southern Carpathians is largely understudied, primarily due to the scarcity of sources. Also, since these mountains divided Moldavia and Wallachia from Transylvania, historians have regarded them as a political frontier. This article shows the possibilities of studying the Carpathians’ past environment while demonstrating short and long-term anthropogenic changes from the fourteenth to the seventeenth centuries. It also offers a detailed overview of the extant sources that complement and confirm the results from palaeobotanical and dendrochronological studies. The Ottoman fiscal and commercial pressure on Moldavia and Wallachia as well as the emergence of Transylvania as an independent principality in the sixteenth century increased demand for grassland, fuelwood and timber, affecting the environment in the long run. The article shows that the Southern and Eastern Carpathians were well-integrated into the regional and superregional economy and the importance of their resources was not marginal.
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Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903577
Briony McDonagh, Hannah Worthen, Stewart Mottram, Stormm BUXTON-HILL
This paper explores Hull’s histories of living with water and flood in the period between the foundation of the town in the 1260s and c. 1700, examining how the inhabitants, Corporation and Commissioners of Sewers managed and governed water in order to survive and thrive in a risky yet resilient estuarine environment. It does that as part of a bigger project utilising ‘learning histories’ drawing on Hull’s 800-year experience of living with water and flood to drive climate awareness and flood resilience in a city which has experienced major flooding in recent years and is increasingly vulnerable in the face of future climate change. Here, we use civic and other records to reconstruct a flood timeline for medieval and early modern Kingston-Upon-Hull, revealing a history of repeated flood events impacting the town and surrounding area in the centuries after its foundation in c. 1260. We explore who managed and governed water and flood risk, and how this was achieved, arguing that water management was a pervasive concern as well as a collective and shared responsibility which ultimately generated a ‘living with water mentality’. This article was published open access under a CC BY licence: https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0 .
本文探讨了赫尔从 1260 年代建城至约 1700 年期间与水和洪水共存的历史，研究了居民、公司和下水道专员如何管理和治理水，以便在充满风险但又富有弹性的河口环境中生存和发展。这是一个大型项目的一部分，该项目利用 "学习历史"，借鉴赫尔市 800 年来与水和洪水共存的经验，提高人们的气候意识，增强这座城市的抗洪能力。在此，我们利用市政记录和其他记录重建了中世纪和现代早期金斯顿-厄本-赫尔的洪水年表，揭示了自约 1260 年金斯顿-厄本-赫尔建城以来的几个世纪中，洪水事件反复影响该城及周边地区的历史。我们探讨了谁来管理和治理水资源和洪水风险，以及如何做到这一点，认为水资源管理是一个普遍关注的问题，也是一项集体和共同的责任，最终产生了一种 "与水共存的心态"。 本文以 CC BY 许可的开放获取方式发表：https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0 。
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Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903578
Kata Tóth
The environmental history of the pre-modern Eastern and Southern Carpathians is largely understudied, primarily due to the scarcity of sources. Also, since these mountains divided Moldavia and Wallachia from Transylvania, historians have regarded them as a political frontier. This article shows the possibilities of studying the Carpathians’ past environment while demonstrating short and long-term anthropogenic changes from the fourteenth to the seventeenth centuries. It also offers a detailed overview of the extant sources that complement and confirm the results from palaeobotanical and dendrochronological studies. The Ottoman fiscal and commercial pressure on Moldavia and Wallachia as well as the emergence of Transylvania as an independent principality in the sixteenth century increased demand for grassland, fuelwood and timber, affecting the environment in the long run. The article shows that the Southern and Eastern Carpathians were well-integrated into the regional and superregional economy and the importance of their resources was not marginal.
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Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903575
Rahul Ranjan
Much has been written about environmental and agrarian history in South Asia. These documented histories provide a fascinating overview of structural changes brought about through infrastructural development and modes of colonial governance. However, specific and advanced forms of intervention were introduced in the nineteenth century, which was defined by the accelerated scale of exploitation of the environment. This article offers an account of the Ganga Canal, constructed in mid-nineteenth century colonial India, under British engineer Proby Cautley, by drawing water from the river Ganga. The paper revisits his motivations and challenges and the scope of his plan to make two arguments. First, it argues that the engineering model of Cautley reflects his deeper entanglement with the ideals of colonial modernity, such as controlling the natural world. Second, the colossal scale of hydrological experimentation through the processes of canal construction, in turn, transformed the imagination of the river into an object.
{"title":"A British Military Engineer, the Ganga and the Spectre of Control in Colonial Northern India (1839–1854)","authors":"Rahul Ranjan","doi":"10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903575","url":null,"abstract":"Much has been written about environmental and agrarian history in South Asia. These documented histories provide a fascinating overview of structural changes brought about through infrastructural development and modes of colonial governance. However, specific and advanced forms of intervention were introduced in the nineteenth century, which was defined by the accelerated scale of exploitation of the environment. This article offers an account of the Ganga Canal, constructed in mid-nineteenth century colonial India, under British engineer Proby Cautley, by drawing water from the river Ganga. The paper revisits his motivations and challenges and the scope of his plan to make two arguments. First, it argues that the engineering model of Cautley reflects his deeper entanglement with the ideals of colonial modernity, such as controlling the natural world. Second, the colossal scale of hydrological experimentation through the processes of canal construction, in turn, transformed the imagination of the river into an object.","PeriodicalId":45574,"journal":{"name":"Environment and History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139865118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-05DOI: 10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903575
Rahul Ranjan
Much has been written about environmental and agrarian history in South Asia. These documented histories provide a fascinating overview of structural changes brought about through infrastructural development and modes of colonial governance. However, specific and advanced forms of intervention were introduced in the nineteenth century, which was defined by the accelerated scale of exploitation of the environment. This article offers an account of the Ganga Canal, constructed in mid-nineteenth century colonial India, under British engineer Proby Cautley, by drawing water from the river Ganga. The paper revisits his motivations and challenges and the scope of his plan to make two arguments. First, it argues that the engineering model of Cautley reflects his deeper entanglement with the ideals of colonial modernity, such as controlling the natural world. Second, the colossal scale of hydrological experimentation through the processes of canal construction, in turn, transformed the imagination of the river into an object.
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Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903568
Saad Quaseem
{"title":"Hujog:\u0000 The Disaster Years in Pre- and Post-1971 Chilmari, Bangladesh","authors":"Saad Quaseem","doi":"10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903568","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45574,"journal":{"name":"Environment and History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139686121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903570
Harrison Croft
{"title":"Jennifer Bonnell and Sean Kheraj (eds),\u0000 Traces of the Animal Past: Methodological Challenges in Animal History","authors":"Harrison Croft","doi":"10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903570","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903570","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45574,"journal":{"name":"Environment and History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139684922","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903567
Karolina ĆWIEK-ROGALSKA
{"title":"Haunted Vegetation: Formerly German Orchards in Polish Pomerania","authors":"Karolina ĆWIEK-ROGALSKA","doi":"10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903567","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45574,"journal":{"name":"Environment and History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139683908","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-01DOI: 10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903571
J. Mcneill
{"title":"Martin V. Melosi,\u0000 Water in North American Environmental History","authors":"J. Mcneill","doi":"10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903571","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45574,"journal":{"name":"Environment and History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139685953","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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