Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903584
Iaroslav Golubinov
{"title":"Burned Oil Rigs and Cut Woods: The Environmental Dimension of the First World War on the Eastern Front","authors":"Iaroslav Golubinov","doi":"10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903584","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903584","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45574,"journal":{"name":"Environment and History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141027464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-01DOI: 10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903586
Alina Bykova
{"title":"David Moon,\u0000 The American Steppes: The Unexpected Russian Roots of Great Plains Agriculture, 1870s–1930s","authors":"Alina Bykova","doi":"10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903586","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45574,"journal":{"name":"Environment and History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141024473","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-29DOI: 10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903581
H. Altink
Based on newspaper accounts, official documents and reports by international donors, this article sets out the growing awareness about the environmental impact of resort tourism in Jamaica and action proposed and undertaken to put tourism on a more sustainable path, from the 1970s till the adoption of a Masterplan for Sustainable Tourism Development in 2002. Through a case study of the resort town of Negril, it will argue that the Master Plan was the culmination of action and lobbying by industry stakeholders and environmental groups, a global and regional shift towards sustainable tourism and pressure from international donors. It will also make the case that, throughout the period, the Jamaican government struggled to balance the economic and environmental sustainability of tourism because of the centrality of tourism to the national economy and its limited fiscal space.
{"title":"Making Tourism Sustainable? Environment and Resort Tourism in Negril, Jamaica, 1970s–2002","authors":"H. Altink","doi":"10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903581","url":null,"abstract":"Based on newspaper accounts, official documents and reports by international donors, this article sets out the growing awareness about the environmental impact of resort tourism in Jamaica and action proposed and undertaken to put tourism on a more sustainable path, from the 1970s till the adoption of a Masterplan for Sustainable Tourism Development in 2002. Through a case study of the resort town of Negril, it will argue that the Master Plan was the culmination of action and lobbying by industry stakeholders and environmental groups, a global and regional shift towards sustainable tourism and pressure from international donors. It will also make the case that, throughout the period, the Jamaican government struggled to balance the economic and environmental sustainability of tourism because of the centrality of tourism to the national economy and its limited fiscal space.","PeriodicalId":45574,"journal":{"name":"Environment and History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140416970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-19DOI: 10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903580
Gergely Kunt
This paper discusses the interrelationship between discourse about the natural environment and nationalist ideologies in interwar Hungary through a case study on the politicisation of bath culture. As a result of the peace treaty that ended World War One, in the 1930s and 1940s, a previously neglected thermal bath town in North-east Hungary became a target for national scale real estate development as well as virulent antisemitism. In order to legitimate antisemitic policy barring Jews from public baths, Hungarian Christian nationalists evoked myths about Jewish bodies being unclean and infectious and used the term ‘Galician Jew’ in reference to Galicia in Eastern Europe, a region historically associated with dirtiness and backwardness. The present study explores the discourse developing around access to thermal resources and argues that the discriminatory bath decrees pushed by the far right were the first step towards the disenfranchisement and eventual extermination of the Hungarian Jewish community.
{"title":"Equality Drowned in Thermal Water – Environmental Racism and Antisemitism in the Context of Tourism-Centred Modernisation in Interwar North-East Hungary","authors":"Gergely Kunt","doi":"10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903580","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903580","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses the interrelationship between discourse about the natural environment and nationalist ideologies in interwar Hungary through a case study on the politicisation of bath culture. As a result of the peace treaty that ended World War One, in the 1930s and 1940s, a previously neglected thermal bath town in North-east Hungary became a target for national scale real estate development as well as virulent antisemitism. In order to legitimate antisemitic policy barring Jews from public baths, Hungarian Christian nationalists evoked myths about Jewish bodies being unclean and infectious and used the term ‘Galician Jew’ in reference to Galicia in Eastern Europe, a region historically associated with dirtiness and backwardness. The present study explores the discourse developing around access to thermal resources and argues that the discriminatory bath decrees pushed by the far right were the first step towards the disenfranchisement and eventual extermination of the Hungarian Jewish community.","PeriodicalId":45574,"journal":{"name":"Environment and History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140449638","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-14DOI: 10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903579
Aarthi Sridhar
Nineteenth century fact-making in British India was a cultural endeavour shared among its diverse colonial experts. Through a critical sociological reading of archival documents and official records, this paper contributes to aquatic-marine historiography by unpacking utterances and deeds of irrigation engineers, pisciculture proponents, naturalists and administrators regarding the facts of ‘injury to fish supplies’ and the preservation of these supplies by law. It argues that early scientific fisheries investigation and their culmination in the Indian Fisheries Act, 1897 were not the result of a successful separation of science and politics, or of fact from interest. Rather, colonial cultures of fact-making were forged in the interplay of the imperial utilitarianism and hybridity inherent to rule-making in the colony, which renders early fisheries science in India as a field of postcolonial politics by other means.
{"title":"Science, Law and the Raj: Cultural Fields of Fish(y) Fact","authors":"Aarthi Sridhar","doi":"10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903579","url":null,"abstract":"Nineteenth century fact-making in British India was a cultural endeavour shared among its diverse colonial experts. Through a critical sociological reading of archival documents and official records, this paper contributes to aquatic-marine historiography by unpacking utterances and deeds of irrigation engineers, pisciculture proponents, naturalists and administrators regarding the facts of ‘injury to fish supplies’ and the preservation of these supplies by law. It argues that early scientific fisheries investigation and their culmination in the Indian Fisheries Act, 1897 were not the result of a successful separation of science and politics, or of fact from interest. Rather, colonial cultures of fact-making were forged in the interplay of the imperial utilitarianism and hybridity inherent to rule-making in the colony, which renders early fisheries science in India as a field of postcolonial politics by other means.","PeriodicalId":45574,"journal":{"name":"Environment and History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139778603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-14DOI: 10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903579
Aarthi Sridhar
Nineteenth century fact-making in British India was a cultural endeavour shared among its diverse colonial experts. Through a critical sociological reading of archival documents and official records, this paper contributes to aquatic-marine historiography by unpacking utterances and deeds of irrigation engineers, pisciculture proponents, naturalists and administrators regarding the facts of ‘injury to fish supplies’ and the preservation of these supplies by law. It argues that early scientific fisheries investigation and their culmination in the Indian Fisheries Act, 1897 were not the result of a successful separation of science and politics, or of fact from interest. Rather, colonial cultures of fact-making were forged in the interplay of the imperial utilitarianism and hybridity inherent to rule-making in the colony, which renders early fisheries science in India as a field of postcolonial politics by other means.
{"title":"Science, Law and the Raj: Cultural Fields of Fish(y) Fact","authors":"Aarthi Sridhar","doi":"10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903579","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903579","url":null,"abstract":"Nineteenth century fact-making in British India was a cultural endeavour shared among its diverse colonial experts. Through a critical sociological reading of archival documents and official records, this paper contributes to aquatic-marine historiography by unpacking utterances and deeds of irrigation engineers, pisciculture proponents, naturalists and administrators regarding the facts of ‘injury to fish supplies’ and the preservation of these supplies by law. It argues that early scientific fisheries investigation and their culmination in the Indian Fisheries Act, 1897 were not the result of a successful separation of science and politics, or of fact from interest. Rather, colonial cultures of fact-making were forged in the interplay of the imperial utilitarianism and hybridity inherent to rule-making in the colony, which renders early fisheries science in India as a field of postcolonial politics by other means.","PeriodicalId":45574,"journal":{"name":"Environment and History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139838498","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903576
Vincent Ho, N. Ho
This article examines the afforestation and tree protection efforts in Hong Kong during its colonial period from the late nineteenth to early twentieth century. Initially, the afforestation department adopted objectives in the 1870s purely for hygienic and urban planning purposes. Yet, with the support of the British Empire’s botanical network, the department successfully transformed Hong Kong Island into a verdant city by the turn of the twentieth century despite facing challenges. However, protecting afforested areas posed difficulties for the department as the local Chinese continuously damaged the trees in exchange for firewood, which was vital to their everyday life. In addition to this, the article also analyses the disputes that arose due to differing views on the usage of trees among the European community and the government in 1904–1905. These challenges forced the latter to abandon its profit-driven tree felling policy and became Hong Kong’s first tree conservation campaign.
{"title":"‘The Beauty of Our Hills Is Being Sacrificed’: Afforestation, Forestry and Colonial Environmentalism in British Hong Kong","authors":"Vincent Ho, N. Ho","doi":"10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903576","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the afforestation and tree protection efforts in Hong Kong during its colonial period from the late nineteenth to early twentieth century. Initially, the afforestation department adopted objectives in the 1870s purely for hygienic and urban planning purposes. Yet, with the support of the British Empire’s botanical network, the department successfully transformed Hong Kong Island into a verdant city by the turn of the twentieth century despite facing challenges. However, protecting afforested areas posed difficulties for the department as the local Chinese continuously damaged the trees in exchange for firewood, which was vital to their everyday life. In addition to this, the article also analyses the disputes that arose due to differing views on the usage of trees among the European community and the government in 1904–1905. These challenges forced the latter to abandon its profit-driven tree felling policy and became Hong Kong’s first tree conservation campaign.","PeriodicalId":45574,"journal":{"name":"Environment and History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139782796","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903577
Briony McDonagh, Hannah Worthen, Stewart Mottram, Stormm BUXTON-HILL
This paper explores Hull’s histories of living with water and flood in the period between the foundation of the town in the 1260s and c. 1700, examining how the inhabitants, Corporation and Commissioners of Sewers managed and governed water in order to survive and thrive in a risky yet resilient estuarine environment. It does that as part of a bigger project utilising ‘learning histories’ drawing on Hull’s 800-year experience of living with water and flood to drive climate awareness and flood resilience in a city which has experienced major flooding in recent years and is increasingly vulnerable in the face of future climate change. Here, we use civic and other records to reconstruct a flood timeline for medieval and early modern Kingston-Upon-Hull, revealing a history of repeated flood events impacting the town and surrounding area in the centuries after its foundation in c. 1260. We explore who managed and governed water and flood risk, and how this was achieved, arguing that water management was a pervasive concern as well as a collective and shared responsibility which ultimately generated a ‘living with water mentality’. This article was published open access under a CC BY licence: https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0 .
本文探讨了赫尔从 1260 年代建城至约 1700 年期间与水和洪水共存的历史，研究了居民、公司和下水道专员如何管理和治理水，以便在充满风险但又富有弹性的河口环境中生存和发展。这是一个大型项目的一部分，该项目利用 "学习历史"，借鉴赫尔市 800 年来与水和洪水共存的经验，提高人们的气候意识，增强这座城市的抗洪能力。在此，我们利用市政记录和其他记录重建了中世纪和现代早期金斯顿-厄本-赫尔的洪水年表，揭示了自约 1260 年金斯顿-厄本-赫尔建城以来的几个世纪中，洪水事件反复影响该城及周边地区的历史。我们探讨了谁来管理和治理水资源和洪水风险，以及如何做到这一点，认为水资源管理是一个普遍关注的问题，也是一项集体和共同的责任，最终产生了一种 "与水共存的心态"。 本文以 CC BY 许可的开放获取方式发表：https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0 。
{"title":"Living With Water and Flood in Medieval and Early Modern Hull","authors":"Briony McDonagh, Hannah Worthen, Stewart Mottram, Stormm BUXTON-HILL","doi":"10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903577","url":null,"abstract":"This paper explores Hull’s histories of living with water and flood in the period between the foundation of the town in the 1260s and c. 1700, examining how the inhabitants, Corporation and Commissioners of Sewers managed and governed water in order to survive and thrive in a risky yet resilient estuarine environment. It does that as part of a bigger project utilising ‘learning histories’ drawing on Hull’s 800-year experience of living with water and flood to drive climate awareness and flood resilience in a city which has experienced major flooding in recent years and is increasingly vulnerable in the face of future climate change. Here, we use civic and other records to reconstruct a flood timeline for medieval and early modern Kingston-Upon-Hull, revealing a history of repeated flood events impacting the town and surrounding area in the centuries after its foundation in c. 1260. We explore who managed and governed water and flood risk, and how this was achieved, arguing that water management was a pervasive concern as well as a collective and shared responsibility which ultimately generated a ‘living with water mentality’.\u0000 \u0000 This article was published open access under a CC BY licence:\u0000 https://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0\u0000 .\u0000","PeriodicalId":45574,"journal":{"name":"Environment and History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139783183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-12DOI: 10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903576
Vincent Ho, N. Ho
This article examines the afforestation and tree protection efforts in Hong Kong during its colonial period from the late nineteenth to early twentieth century. Initially, the afforestation department adopted objectives in the 1870s purely for hygienic and urban planning purposes. Yet, with the support of the British Empire’s botanical network, the department successfully transformed Hong Kong Island into a verdant city by the turn of the twentieth century despite facing challenges. However, protecting afforested areas posed difficulties for the department as the local Chinese continuously damaged the trees in exchange for firewood, which was vital to their everyday life. In addition to this, the article also analyses the disputes that arose due to differing views on the usage of trees among the European community and the government in 1904–1905. These challenges forced the latter to abandon its profit-driven tree felling policy and became Hong Kong’s first tree conservation campaign.
{"title":"‘The Beauty of Our Hills Is Being Sacrificed’: Afforestation, Forestry and Colonial Environmentalism in British Hong Kong","authors":"Vincent Ho, N. Ho","doi":"10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3828/whp.eh.63830915903576","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines the afforestation and tree protection efforts in Hong Kong during its colonial period from the late nineteenth to early twentieth century. Initially, the afforestation department adopted objectives in the 1870s purely for hygienic and urban planning purposes. Yet, with the support of the British Empire’s botanical network, the department successfully transformed Hong Kong Island into a verdant city by the turn of the twentieth century despite facing challenges. However, protecting afforested areas posed difficulties for the department as the local Chinese continuously damaged the trees in exchange for firewood, which was vital to their everyday life. In addition to this, the article also analyses the disputes that arose due to differing views on the usage of trees among the European community and the government in 1904–1905. These challenges forced the latter to abandon its profit-driven tree felling policy and became Hong Kong’s first tree conservation campaign.","PeriodicalId":45574,"journal":{"name":"Environment and History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.1,"publicationDate":"2024-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139842457","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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