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Journal of Professions and Organization最新文献

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‘Being a professional is not the same as acting professionally’—How digital technologies have empowered the creation and enactment of a new professional identity in law “成为一名专业人士并不等于专业行事”——数字技术如何赋予法律行业新的职业身份创造和制定权力
IF 2.2 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.1093/jpo/joad005
Charlotta Kronblad, S. Jensen
This paper shows that digital technologies have empowered new work practices and identity work in the setting of the legal profession in five different countries. Using qualitative data from 33 interviews with legal tech lawyers, supported by workplace and conference observations and photographs, we analyse how legal tech lawyers use social and material attributes to craft and enact a new identity. This identity is distinctly different from the established professional identity of lawyers, showing that legal tech lawyers see, and express, themselves as legal professionals in a broader sense, rather than identifying with traditional law. This paper explains how technology has functioned as an enabler for them to craft this new identity, much influenced by how, where, and when their work is done. The paper supports and extends a sociomaterial approach to understanding the implications of digital transformation and shows the potential of looking into the development of professional identities in this transformation.
本文表明,数字技术为五个不同国家的法律界提供了新的工作实践和身份识别工作。利用33次采访法律技术律师的定性数据,并辅以工作场所和会议的观察和照片,我们分析了法律技术律师如何利用社会和物质属性来塑造和确立新身份。这种身份与律师的既定职业身份截然不同,表明法律技术律师在更广泛的意义上看待和表达自己是法律专业人员,而不是认同传统法律。本文解释了技术是如何成为他们塑造这种新身份的推动者的,这在很大程度上受到他们工作的方式、地点和时间的影响。本文支持并扩展了一种社会物质方法来理解数字化转型的含义,并展示了在这一转型中研究职业身份发展的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
‘On the inside I’m grossed out and wanting to puke’: Exploring professional facework and emotional labour as impression management tools in rural emergency medical services “我内心感到恶心,想吐”:探索农村急救医疗服务中的专业面部表情和情绪劳动作为印象管理工具
IF 2.2 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-06-29 DOI: 10.1093/jpo/joad006
Danielle C. Biss
In the foothills of rural Appalachia, situations arise where emergency medical services (EMS) providers—such as paramedics and emergency medical technicians—must reflect professionalism in their ‘face’. However, as EMS providers practice facework in their organizational roles, it is important to consider how they manage professionalism when emotional labour and dirty work are required, such as when supporting patients from underserved rural communities. Guided by 181 hours of participant observation with 23 interviews with EMS providers from two county-wide EMS organizations, this organizational ethnography reveals the value of impression management strategies in the form of emotional labour. Notably, such practices aid in EMS providers’ maintenance of professional face as they encounter face threats on the job. In such moments, EMS providers utilize emotional labour in their corrective and preventive facework. Importantly, this research makes a meaningful theoretical and practical contribution to organizational communication by illustrating the value of impression management, emotional labour, and facework that aid in the management of professionalism.
在阿巴拉契亚农村的山麓地带,出现了紧急医疗服务(EMS)提供者——如护理人员和紧急医疗技术人员——必须在“脸上”体现专业精神的情况。然而,当EMS提供者在其组织角色中进行面部护理时,重要的是要考虑他们在需要情绪劳动和脏活累活时如何管理专业精神,例如在支持来自服务不足的农村社区的患者时。本组织人种学以181小时的参与者观察为指导,对来自两个县范围的EMS组织的EMS提供者进行了23次采访,揭示了情绪劳动形式的印象管理策略的价值。值得注意的是,这种做法有助于EMS供应商在工作中遇到威胁时保持专业形象。在这种情况下,EMS提供者在他们的纠正和预防性面部护理中利用情绪劳动。重要的是,这项研究通过阐明印象管理、情感劳动和面子工作的价值,对组织沟通做出了有意义的理论和实践贡献,这些都有助于专业精神的管理。
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引用次数: 0
I am not an employee, am I then a professional? Work arrangement, professional identification, and the mediating role of the intra-professional network 我不是雇员,那我是专业人员吗?工作安排、专业认同与专业内网络的中介作用
Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/jpo/joad012
Christer A Flatøy
Abstract Professions face challenges from proliferation and dilution, two processes that challenge our understanding of what a profession is and what it means to be a professional. As a response, profession scholars are paying increasing attention to how individuals come to see themselves as a professional. We contribute to this evolving literature by investigating the relationship between work arrangements, that is, freelancing and employment, and professional identification. In so doing, we pay particular attention to the mediating role of an intra-professional network and three aspects that characterise such a network. We sample from journalists to investigate the relationships in question and employ structural equation modelling to test our hypotheses. We found no direct relationship between work arrangements and professional identification. However, we do observe that freelancers’ intra-professional network density is lower than that of employees. The consequence of this mediating mechanism, we found, was that they identified less with their profession than employees did. This paper shows that the type of work arrangement has important implications for professional identification.
职业面临着增殖和稀释的挑战,这两个过程挑战了我们对职业是什么以及成为专业人士意味着什么的理解。作为回应,职业学者越来越关注个人如何将自己视为专业人士。我们通过调查工作安排(即自由职业和就业)与职业认同之间的关系,为这一不断发展的文献做出贡献。在此过程中,我们特别关注专业内部网络的中介作用以及这种网络的三个特征。我们从记者中抽取样本来调查有问题的关系,并采用结构方程模型来检验我们的假设。我们发现工作安排与职业认同之间没有直接关系。然而,我们确实观察到自由职业者的专业内部网络密度低于员工。我们发现,这种中介机制的结果是,他们对自己职业的认同感低于员工。研究表明,工作安排类型对职业认同具有重要影响。
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引用次数: 0
Foreign ideas, domestic problems, and institutional change: The role of legal professionals 外国思想、国内问题和制度变革:法律专业人士的角色
Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/jpo/joad004
Maria Eugenia Trombini, Elizangela Valarini
Abstract This article investigates how ideas shared by a professional group are promoting institutional change. Using a unique dataset of interviews and the qualitative method collective mindset analysis (CMA), the thinking patterns of Brazilian legal professionals related to how to counter corruption were reconstructed. We identified two general types of thinking among people working in anti-corruption: a local- and abroad-oriented mindset, with the majority of the group thinking that domestic deficiencies should be remedied by imitating foreign solutions tested in the ‘developed’ world. Our findings contribute to the existing literature on organizational institutionalism and discuss the effect of ideas in a professional field.
摘要本文探讨了专业群体共享的理念如何促进制度变革。本文利用独特的访谈数据集和定性方法集体心态分析(CMA),重构了巴西法律专业人士与如何反腐败相关的思维模式。我们发现从事反腐败工作的人有两种普遍的思维方式:以本地为导向的思维方式和以国外为导向的思维方式,其中大多数人认为应该通过模仿在“发达”国家测试过的外国解决方案来弥补国内的不足。我们的研究结果对现有的组织制度主义文献有所贡献,并讨论了思想在专业领域的影响。
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引用次数: 0
Performing financial communication as professional practice: The interplay of consensus and tension in earnings calls 将财务沟通作为专业实践:盈利电话会议中共识与紧张的相互作用
Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-06-01 DOI: 10.1093/jpo/joad011
Heidi Hirsto, Merja Koskela, Annukka Jokipii
Abstract Financial communication is a form of organizational communication that links strategic and managerial views on the firm with the surveilling gaze of investors and the financial market, thereby functioning as a practice of transparency. In this article, we focus on the interaction between corporate managers and market analysts in an institutionalized, professional genre of financial communication: the earnings call. Our goal is to increase understanding of how the earnings call as a public and interactional genre contributes to the enactment and constitution of financial communication as a professional practice. We conduct a close analysis of four earnings calls, combining a term-based analysis of the conceptual structuring of the calls with a discourse–rhetorical analysis of manager–analyst interaction. The analysis shows how communication of consensus, based on evoking a common body of expertise, alternates with expressions of potential tension in ways that have complex and contradictory effects on transparency. While the evocation of expertise signals common ground and boundaries around the professional practice, the rhetoric of tension constructs boundaries between the professional roles, producing a relation of surveillance. We consider both the ideational consensus and the role-related tension as performative achievements and constitutive elements of the earnings call. Their combination functions to perform earnings call as a site of both specialized expertise and transparency, thus lending legitimacy to financial communication as a professional practice. Through applying a communication-centered theoretical lens, the study adds to the understanding of professions as constructed in and through professional relations, and through the communicative practices that structure and stabilize these relations.
财务沟通是一种组织沟通形式,它将公司的战略和管理观点与投资者和金融市场的监督目光联系起来,从而发挥透明度的作用。在这篇文章中,我们关注的是公司经理和市场分析师之间的互动,这是一种制度化的、专业的财务沟通方式:财报电话会议。我们的目标是增加对盈利电话会议作为一种公共和互动类型如何有助于制定和构成财务沟通作为一种专业实践的理解。我们对四次财报电话会议进行了仔细的分析,结合了对电话会议概念结构的基于术语的分析和对经理-分析师互动的话语修辞分析。分析表明,以唤起共同的专门知识为基础的协商一致意见的沟通如何以对透明度产生复杂和矛盾影响的方式交替表达潜在的紧张关系。虽然专业知识的唤起标志着专业实践的共同点和边界,但紧张的修辞在专业角色之间构建了边界,产生了一种监视关系。我们认为理念共识和角色相关的紧张关系都是业绩成就和盈利电话会议的构成要素。它们的组合功能将盈利电话会议作为一个兼具专业知识和透明度的网站,从而为财务沟通作为一种专业实践提供合法性。通过运用以沟通为中心的理论视角,本研究增加了对专业的理解,因为专业关系是通过专业关系构建的,并且通过构建和稳定这些关系的沟通实践。
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引用次数: 0
Professional service firms and the manufacturing of the corporate nobility 专业服务公司与企业贵族的制造
IF 2.2 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-05-17 DOI: 10.1093/jpo/joad003
F. Bühlmann
Global professional service firms (GPSFs) are key actors in contemporary capitalism. They (co-) produce and disseminate new business practices, linking firms, sectors, and countries, integrating them into a global system. We examine a second, less studied function of these firms: underpinning capitalism’s status hierarchies. We ask whether these firms have emerged as producers of a new corporate nobility—as an extension of elite universities, and as a stepping stone in the selection and promotion of top executives. Focusing on the US, we ask: do global professional service firms merely amplify the credentials of elite universities, or can they compensate for an absence of an elite education in the careers of US top managers? and do professional service firms equip future top managers with specific expertise or merely with symbolic capital? Based on a sample of 2,610 top executive managers from leading American firms in 2005 and 2018, we study the role law, consulting, or audit firms played in their careers. Using multinomial regression analyses, we find that the career function of GPSFs varies: consulting firms amplify existing status and enhance the symbolic capital of alumni, aiding their ascent to the most prestigious jobs in US top firms. In contrast, top managers leverage audit firm roles to compensate for a non-elite background, yet then tend to be channelled into narrow, specialist roles in top management. We relate these results to Bourdieu’s state nobility analysis and propose an augmented typology of these firms at the heart of contemporary capitalism.
全球专业服务公司是当代资本主义的关键参与者。他们(共同)生产和传播新的商业实践,将公司、部门和国家联系起来,将其融入全球体系。我们研究了这些公司的第二个研究较少的功能:支撑资本主义的地位等级制度。我们想知道,这些公司是否已经成为一种新的企业贵族的生产者——精英大学的延伸,以及高管选拔和晋升的垫脚石。关注美国,我们会问:全球专业服务公司是否只是扩大了精英大学的资质,或者它们能否弥补美国高层管理人员职业生涯中缺乏精英教育的问题?专业服务公司是为未来的高级管理人员配备特定的专业知识,还是仅仅配备象征性的资本?基于2005年和2018年美国领先公司2610名高管的样本,我们研究了法律、咨询或审计公司在其职业生涯中所扮演的角色。使用多项回归分析,我们发现GPSF的职业功能各不相同:咨询公司扩大了现有地位,增强了校友的象征资本,帮助他们在美国顶级公司获得最有声望的职位。相比之下,高级管理人员利用审计公司的角色来补偿非精英背景,但随后往往被引导到高级管理层的狭窄专业角色。我们将这些结果与布迪厄的国家贵族分析联系起来,并提出了对这些处于当代资本主义核心的公司的扩充类型。
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引用次数: 0
Professional bodies 专业机构
IF 2.2 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-04-26 DOI: 10.1093/jpo/joad001
A. Friedman, N. Afitska
Organization structures and processes of UK-based professional associations and regulatory bodies (professional bodies) are analyzed across all professions and over the long term. These are successful, long lived, and important organizations which have been neglected in the sociological and organizational literatures. Numbers have been growing and on average these organizations have enjoyed consistent financial success. They have been changing, reacting in part to external challenges, but also in response to internal challenges arising from growth and strains due to reactions to changes from their primary stakeholders, their members. We trace substantial changes in their staffing, governance, and education activities. We evaluate whether these changes amount to corporatization, as has been found in other public and third-sector organizations. We evaluate whether the changes confirm the charge that these organizations demonstrate the iron law of oligarchy. We find corporatization has been substantial but limited and that the changes represent shifting toward strategy rather than oligarchy, though democratic weakening has occurred. We find organization responses to member confusion, concerns, and criticisms to be influential in driving these changes and contributing to the sustainability of these organizations.
对英国专业协会和监管机构(专业机构)的组织结构和流程进行了长期分析。这些组织是成功的、长期存在的、重要的组织,在社会学和组织学文献中一直被忽视。数量一直在增长,平均而言,这些组织在财务上取得了持续的成功。它们一直在变化,部分是对外部挑战的反应,但也对增长带来的内部挑战和主要利益相关者及其成员对变化的反应带来的压力做出了反应。我们跟踪他们在人员配置、治理和教育活动方面的重大变化。我们评估这些变化是否像在其他公共和第三部门组织中发现的那样,相当于公司化。我们评估这些变化是否证实了这些组织展示寡头政治铁律的指控。我们发现,公司化是实质性的,但有限的,这些变化代表着向战略而非寡头政治的转变,尽管民主已经削弱。我们发现,组织对成员困惑、担忧和批评的反应在推动这些变革和促进这些组织的可持续性方面具有影响力。
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引用次数: 1
Inequality in professional work 专业工作中的不平等
IF 2.2 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-04-17 DOI: 10.1093/jpo/joac021
J. Taheri, Swethaa S. Ballakrishnen
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引用次数: 0
Working on connective professionalism: What cross-sector strategists in Swedish public organizations do to develop connectivity in addressing ‘wicked’ policy problems 致力于联系专业:瑞典公共组织的跨部门战略家如何在解决“邪恶”政策问题时发展联系
IF 2.2 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-02-11 DOI: 10.1093/jpo/joac020
Miranda Kanon, Thomas Andersson
In light of current debates on ‘protective’ and ‘connective’ professionalism, this article explores a new type of occupational position that is emerging within the Swedish public sector: the cross-sector strategist. The growing presence of this intermediary occupational position is seen as attempts to formalize and institutionalize the imprecise roles and governance of ‘wicked’ policy problems, and the job of these strategists is focused on supporting other jurisdictions to meet and act. By pursuing connective strategies in the form of triggering, selling, bridging, brokering, and forming accountabilities, cross-sector strategists seek to establish embedded workspaces where strategic action and decisions can be produced jointly and across jurisdictional boundaries. The study illustrates how calls for changes in professional action towards connectivity are now part of the formal organizational structure of public sector organizations, confirming the incapability of professional actors to connect in the absence of intermediary support functions. In the concluding discussion, we consider the relevance of ‘connective professionalism’ as a descriptive theoretical device applied to work settings understood as increasingly complex and interdependent, with calls for inter-professional collaboration and intensifying engagement in preventing problems rather than simply treating them.
鉴于目前关于“保护性”和“关联性”专业主义的争论,本文探讨了瑞典公共部门中正在出现的一种新型职业职位:跨部门战略师。这种中介职业职位的日益增加被视为试图将“邪恶”政策问题的不精确角色和治理正式化和制度化,这些战略家的工作重点是支持其他司法管辖区会面并采取行动。通过以触发、销售、桥接、中介和形成责任的形式追求关联策略,跨部门战略家寻求建立嵌入式工作空间,在其中战略行动和决策可以共同产生,并且可以跨越管辖边界。该研究表明,要求改变专业行动以实现连通性的呼吁,现在已成为公共部门组织正式组织结构的一部分,证实了在缺乏中介支持功能的情况下,专业行动者无法建立联系。在最后的讨论中,我们将“关联专业主义”作为一种描述性理论手段,应用于日益复杂和相互依赖的工作环境,呼吁跨专业合作和加强参与,以预防问题,而不是简单地处理问题。
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引用次数: 0
Trust in interagency collaboration: The role of institutional logics and hybrid professionals 机构间合作中的信任:制度逻辑和混合专业人员的作用
IF 2.2 Q1 Business, Management and Accounting Pub Date : 2023-02-11 DOI: 10.1093/jpo/joac022
Oluf Gøtzsche-Astrup, Lasse Lindekilde, Anna Maria Fjellman, T. Bjørgo, Randi Solhjell, Håvard Haugstvedt, Jennie Sivenbring, Robin Andersson Malmros, M. Kangasniemi, Tanja Moilanen, Ingvild Magnæs, Tina Wilchen Christensen, Christer Mattsson
Interagency collaboration among social workers, teachers, and police is key to countering violent extremism in the Nordic countries by securing comprehensive assessment of cases of concern. Yet, previous research indicates that different institutional logics—perceptions of fundamental goals, strategies, and grounds for attention in efforts to counter violent extremists—exist across professions and challenge collaboration and trust building in practice. In this article, we empirically investigate these claims across social workers (n = 1,105), teachers (n = 1,387), and police (n = 1,053) in four Nordic countries: Denmark, Sweden, Norway, and Finland. Using results from online surveys with professionals, we investigate the distribution of a ‘societal security logic’ and a ‘social care logic’ across professions and the degree to which these institutional logics translate into mutual trust. Through a comparison of institutional logics among practitioners with and without practical experience of interagency collaboration, we investigate whether and how institutional logics tend to mix and merge in hybrid organizational spaces. We conclude that differences in institutional logics across professions are differences in degree rather than in kind, but that such differences are important in shaping mutual trust and that experiences of interagency collaboration are correlated with a convergence toward a ‘social care logic’ conception of countering violent extremism.
社会工作者、教师和警察之间的跨部门合作是打击北欧国家暴力极端主义的关键,可以确保对所关注的案件进行全面评估。然而,先前的研究表明,在打击暴力极端分子的努力中,不同的制度逻辑——对基本目标、战略和关注理由的看法——存在于不同的职业中,并在实践中挑战合作和信任的建立。在本文中,我们对四个北欧国家(丹麦、瑞典、挪威和芬兰)的社会工作者(n = 1105)、教师(n = 1387)和警察(n = 1053)进行了实证调查。利用对专业人士的在线调查结果,我们调查了“社会保障逻辑”和“社会关怀逻辑”在不同职业中的分布,以及这些制度逻辑转化为相互信任的程度。通过比较具有和没有机构间合作实践经验的实践者之间的制度逻辑,我们研究了制度逻辑是否以及如何在混合组织空间中混合和合并。我们的结论是,不同职业之间的制度逻辑差异是程度上的差异,而不是种类上的差异,但这种差异在形成相互信任方面很重要,而且机构间合作的经验与打击暴力极端主义的“社会关怀逻辑”概念的趋同有关。
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引用次数: 1
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Journal of Professions and Organization
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