X-chromosomal short tandem repeats (X-STRs) markers complement autosomal STR identification systems and valuable tools in complex kinship cases. Objective: To develop a multiplex PCR system that consists of 13 X-chromosome STR markers, including GATA172D05, DXS8378, DXS6801, DXS6793, DXS6810, DXS7132, GATA31E08, DXS9902, HPRTB, DXS6789, DXS7423, DXS8377, DXS981 and sex-determining locus Amelogenin. Methods: Primer sequences of all X-STR markers were acquired from the Genome databases, and the original sequences for HPRTB, DXS6789, DXS7423, DXS8377 and DXS981 were modified to eliminate primer-dimer formation and optimize melting temperatures to increase annealing efficiency. All primer pairs were labelled with fluorescent dyes to support amplification in a multiplex PCR, and the cycling conditions for multiplex PCR were optimized. Alleles for each locus were bi-directionally sequenced to determine the exact repeat size, and alleles generated in multiplex reactions were undistinguishable from alleles produced in a single marker PCR reaction. Results: The combined power of discrimination of 13 X-STRs was 2.96 x 10-13 and 2.58 x10-8 in females and males, respectively. Conclusions: In conclusion, we have developed a 14-plex PCR system that can potentially be used for parentage testing and forensic casework studies.
{"title":"Optimization and Development of an Efficient 13 X-STRs Multiplex PCR System for Paternity Testing","authors":"M. Tariq, M. Tahir","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i07.931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i07.931","url":null,"abstract":"X-chromosomal short tandem repeats (X-STRs) markers complement autosomal STR identification systems and valuable tools in complex kinship cases. Objective: To develop a multiplex PCR system that consists of 13 X-chromosome STR markers, including GATA172D05, DXS8378, DXS6801, DXS6793, DXS6810, DXS7132, GATA31E08, DXS9902, HPRTB, DXS6789, DXS7423, DXS8377, DXS981 and sex-determining locus Amelogenin. Methods: Primer sequences of all X-STR markers were acquired from the Genome databases, and the original sequences for HPRTB, DXS6789, DXS7423, DXS8377 and DXS981 were modified to eliminate primer-dimer formation and optimize melting temperatures to increase annealing efficiency. All primer pairs were labelled with fluorescent dyes to support amplification in a multiplex PCR, and the cycling conditions for multiplex PCR were optimized. Alleles for each locus were bi-directionally sequenced to determine the exact repeat size, and alleles generated in multiplex reactions were undistinguishable from alleles produced in a single marker PCR reaction. Results: The combined power of discrimination of 13 X-STRs was 2.96 x 10-13 and 2.58 x10-8 in females and males, respectively. Conclusions: In conclusion, we have developed a 14-plex PCR system that can potentially be used for parentage testing and forensic casework studies.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75115805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Afifa Tariq, Sobia Kanwal, A. Javed, Zainab Jadoon, Sajjad Afzal Khan, Munir D. Ahmed
One of the most frequent injuries to the maxillofacial region is mandibular fracture. Numerous places experience fractures. The inferior alveolar nerve is often injured as a result of mandibular fractures. Objective: To ascertain how frequently patients in the oral and maxillofacial department of the Ayub Teaching Hospital in Abbottabad experienced inferior alveolar nerve injury following open reduction and fixation of a mandibular fracture. Methods: This was a Descriptive case series carried out at Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad after approval from the IRB of the institution and CPSP vide number (CPSP/REU/DSG-2018-010-2532). Using the formula to evaluate proportion with absolute precision and the following premises, the sample size was determined to be 96 using the WHO software for sample size computation in health studies: The expected percentage of inferior alveolar nerve injury following fixation in mandibular fracture is 45%, the confidence level is 95%, and the absolute precision is 10%. Results: The mean age of participants was 35.81±5.63 years with range from 26 to 45 years. Most common age group was 36-40 years and 41-45 years (n=26, 27.08%) followed by 26-30 years (n=23, 23.96%). There were 70 (72.92%) males and 26 (27.08%) females in the study. Majority (n=88; 91.67%) of the patients were given general anesthesia while the remaining (n=8; 8.33%) received local anesthesia. Perioperative inferior alveolar nerve injury was observed in 56 (58.33%) patients while permanent inferior alveolar nerve injury was diagnosed in 39 (40.63%) patients. Conclusions: Damage to inferior alveolar nerve is a frequent problem of open reduction and fixation of mandibular fracture. However, utmost care should be exercised to reduce its occurrence in patients with mandibular fracture.
{"title":"Frequency of Inferior Alveolar Nerve Damage After Open Reduction and Internal Fixation in Mandibular Fractures","authors":"Afifa Tariq, Sobia Kanwal, A. Javed, Zainab Jadoon, Sajjad Afzal Khan, Munir D. Ahmed","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i07.916","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i07.916","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most frequent injuries to the maxillofacial region is mandibular fracture. Numerous places experience fractures. The inferior alveolar nerve is often injured as a result of mandibular fractures. Objective: To ascertain how frequently patients in the oral and maxillofacial department of the Ayub Teaching Hospital in Abbottabad experienced inferior alveolar nerve injury following open reduction and fixation of a mandibular fracture. Methods: This was a Descriptive case series carried out at Oral and Maxillofacial Department, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad after approval from the IRB of the institution and CPSP vide number (CPSP/REU/DSG-2018-010-2532). Using the formula to evaluate proportion with absolute precision and the following premises, the sample size was determined to be 96 using the WHO software for sample size computation in health studies: The expected percentage of inferior alveolar nerve injury following fixation in mandibular fracture is 45%, the confidence level is 95%, and the absolute precision is 10%. Results: The mean age of participants was 35.81±5.63 years with range from 26 to 45 years. Most common age group was 36-40 years and 41-45 years (n=26, 27.08%) followed by 26-30 years (n=23, 23.96%). There were 70 (72.92%) males and 26 (27.08%) females in the study. Majority (n=88; 91.67%) of the patients were given general anesthesia while the remaining (n=8; 8.33%) received local anesthesia. Perioperative inferior alveolar nerve injury was observed in 56 (58.33%) patients while permanent inferior alveolar nerve injury was diagnosed in 39 (40.63%) patients. Conclusions: Damage to inferior alveolar nerve is a frequent problem of open reduction and fixation of mandibular fracture. However, utmost care should be exercised to reduce its occurrence in patients with mandibular fracture.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91216848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zakir Hussain Rajpar, .. Aisha, Kashiffudin Qayoom Soomro, S. Mughal, Syed Azhar Hussain Shah, Afhan Qayoom Shaikh, Syed Zulfiquar Ali Shah
One of the techniques used most frequently to treat urolithiasis is shockwave lithotripsy (SWL). Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and retrograde intra-renal surgery (RIRS) are recommended treatments for inferior calyceal (IC) calculi measuring 1-2cm. Objective: To compare the rate of stone clearance between extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS) in patients with lower calycx calculi. Methods: The randomized control trial of six months was conducted at LUH Jamshoro. Informed consent was gained when the procedure, risks, and advantages of the study were explained. The patients were divided into one of two groups at random: group A (ESWL) or group two (RIRS). A week later, the patient underwent a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan, and the kidney stone was noted as having been removed. Results: The group A's mean age (SD) was 46.50 ± 14.73 whereas group B's mean age (SD) was 42.37 ± 16.07. The stone clearance was observed in 13 (43.3%) of group A's cases compared to 1 (3.3%) of group B's, with a highly significant p-value of (p=0.0001). Conclusions: In terms of stone removal among patients with lower calycx, a significantly significant difference among the use of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and retrograde intrarenal lithotripsy was seen.
{"title":"Stone Clearance Rate Between Extracorporeal Shock Lithotripsy (ESWL) V/S Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS) in Patients with Lower Calycx","authors":"Zakir Hussain Rajpar, .. Aisha, Kashiffudin Qayoom Soomro, S. Mughal, Syed Azhar Hussain Shah, Afhan Qayoom Shaikh, Syed Zulfiquar Ali Shah","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i07.920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i07.920","url":null,"abstract":"One of the techniques used most frequently to treat urolithiasis is shockwave lithotripsy (SWL). Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and retrograde intra-renal surgery (RIRS) are recommended treatments for inferior calyceal (IC) calculi measuring 1-2cm. Objective: To compare the rate of stone clearance between extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS) in patients with lower calycx calculi. Methods: The randomized control trial of six months was conducted at LUH Jamshoro. Informed consent was gained when the procedure, risks, and advantages of the study were explained. The patients were divided into one of two groups at random: group A (ESWL) or group two (RIRS). A week later, the patient underwent a contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT) scan, and the kidney stone was noted as having been removed. Results: The group A's mean age (SD) was 46.50 ± 14.73 whereas group B's mean age (SD) was 42.37 ± 16.07. The stone clearance was observed in 13 (43.3%) of group A's cases compared to 1 (3.3%) of group B's, with a highly significant p-value of (p=0.0001). Conclusions: In terms of stone removal among patients with lower calycx, a significantly significant difference among the use of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy and retrograde intrarenal lithotripsy was seen.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87274164","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Menstruation has a higher impact on educational quality than other aspects of puberty because it combines a learning component with features influenced by the school environment and infrastructure. Objective: To analyze the females' attitudes toward menstrual hygiene among Nursing students at AIMC, J/H, Lahore. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study took place between July 1st to June 30, 2022. A total of 80 study populations were selected with a purposive sampling technique. The questionnaire of this study was adopted by Doctor Funmito Omolola Fehintola. Results: More than half of the participants (52.5%) knew about menstruation before menarche, while the majority of the study population (90.2% and 96.5%, respectively) has strong knowledge and practice about menstruation. While, the majority of participants' reactions to their menarche were uncomfortable (51.2%) and emotionally distressing (41.3%). The education of parents has a significant impact on their children's conduct because they adapt to what they observe. Overall, more than two-thirds (76.8%) of the participants come from educated homes, which results in higher outcomes in our study findings. Conclusions: According to the study findings, the majority of the respondents practice good menstrual hygiene and have good knowledge about menstruation. Efforts must be made to ensure that teenagers are thoroughly educated on menstruation and the requirement of suitable hygiene practices at school and home.
{"title":"Girls’ Attitude towards Menstrual Hygiene among Nursing Students at College of Nursing, AIMC, J/H, Lahore, Pakistan","authors":"Sumaira Asim, Iqra Rafiq, Razia Sultana, Shumaila Rani, Sadaqat Aftab, Aqib Dil Awaiz","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i07.949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i07.949","url":null,"abstract":"Menstruation has a higher impact on educational quality than other aspects of puberty because it combines a learning component with features influenced by the school environment and infrastructure. Objective: To analyze the females' attitudes toward menstrual hygiene among Nursing students at AIMC, J/H, Lahore. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study took place between July 1st to June 30, 2022. A total of 80 study populations were selected with a purposive sampling technique. The questionnaire of this study was adopted by Doctor Funmito Omolola Fehintola. Results: More than half of the participants (52.5%) knew about menstruation before menarche, while the majority of the study population (90.2% and 96.5%, respectively) has strong knowledge and practice about menstruation. While, the majority of participants' reactions to their menarche were uncomfortable (51.2%) and emotionally distressing (41.3%). The education of parents has a significant impact on their children's conduct because they adapt to what they observe. Overall, more than two-thirds (76.8%) of the participants come from educated homes, which results in higher outcomes in our study findings. Conclusions: According to the study findings, the majority of the respondents practice good menstrual hygiene and have good knowledge about menstruation. Efforts must be made to ensure that teenagers are thoroughly educated on menstruation and the requirement of suitable hygiene practices at school and home.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"43 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74090617","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zahida Jamal, G. Shaheen, Aziz Shaheen, Nadira Bibi, Javed Iqbal, Amir Sultan
Nursing process increases patients’ satisfaction and enhances the quality of care provided to patients according to their needs. Objective: To determine the level of knowledge of nurses regarding nursing process and barriers in its application. Methods: The current study used cross-sectional study design for this research project. A self-administered questionnaire to be used to record responses of 80 nurses working in three different teachings hospitals in Peshawar through convenient sampling technique. Frequencies and percentages mean and standard deviation were analyzed through SPSS-20.0 as descriptive statistics. The study was approved by institutional review board while informed consent was taken from each participant. Results: Eighty staff nurses (N=80) completed the survey, where female were in majority (72.5%) In knowledge section, 70% participants answered it as a five-step process which is correct. Of the total, 73.75% answered true by considering the assessment as the data collection part of the nursing process. Moreover, 68.75% participants have a satisfactory knowledge who answered correctly to consider the goals as a part of Planning. 82.50% replied they have access to equipment’s for provision of nursing care while 17.50% has no access to equipment were the barriers in the implementation of nursing process. Conclusions: The study concluded that nursing process is a tool that are implemented for quality care, and most of the participants of the study have knowledge about the nursing process, while lack of facilities for smooth implementation of nursing process was barrier faced by the respondents.
{"title":"Nurses Knowledge Regarding Nursing Process and Barriers in its Application","authors":"Zahida Jamal, G. Shaheen, Aziz Shaheen, Nadira Bibi, Javed Iqbal, Amir Sultan","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i07.948","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i07.948","url":null,"abstract":"Nursing process increases patients’ satisfaction and enhances the quality of care provided to patients according to their needs. Objective: To determine the level of knowledge of nurses regarding nursing process and barriers in its application. Methods: The current study used cross-sectional study design for this research project. A self-administered questionnaire to be used to record responses of 80 nurses working in three different teachings hospitals in Peshawar through convenient sampling technique. Frequencies and percentages mean and standard deviation were analyzed through SPSS-20.0 as descriptive statistics. The study was approved by institutional review board while informed consent was taken from each participant. Results: Eighty staff nurses (N=80) completed the survey, where female were in majority (72.5%) In knowledge section, 70% participants answered it as a five-step process which is correct. Of the total, 73.75% answered true by considering the assessment as the data collection part of the nursing process. Moreover, 68.75% participants have a satisfactory knowledge who answered correctly to consider the goals as a part of Planning. 82.50% replied they have access to equipment’s for provision of nursing care while 17.50% has no access to equipment were the barriers in the implementation of nursing process. Conclusions: The study concluded that nursing process is a tool that are implemented for quality care, and most of the participants of the study have knowledge about the nursing process, while lack of facilities for smooth implementation of nursing process was barrier faced by the respondents.\u0000 ","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"12 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78690217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tariq Rahim, Ayaz Ayub, Bakhtiar Ali Shah, Ejaz Ali Khan, Nadia Sajid
Nurses have been considered the backbone of health care delivery system, but regretfully saying that very limited attention has been paid to the development of nursing throughout the world. Objective: To assess the Quality of Nurses Work Life (QNWL) in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Peshawar Pakistan. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional approach was applied to assess the QNWL in Lady Reading Hospital and Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar. Sample consisted of 240 participants via selection of multistage random sampling technique. Brook QNWL questionnaire was adopted for data collection and then validated and pre-tested it. Results: The sample data consisted of 79.20% female 20.80% male participants, out of which 46.02% were married and 53.98% un-married. The sample consisted of 94.25% Charge Nurses, 4.42% Head Nurses and 1.33% Nursing Managers in the study. The mean score of QNWL in this study was 162.24 ± 21.16. Furthermore, 3.98% nurses reported Low QNWL, 92.48% Moderate QNWL and 3.54% High QNWL in the sample. There was found an association between employment type with home life and work load subscales of QNWL whereas, home life has also an association with gender, marital status and salaries. Conclusions: It was concluded from the study findings that majority (92.48%) nurses have moderate QNWL in selected hospitals. Nurses home life and work load subscale of QNWL is affected by some demographics. Therefore, the study findings suggest recommendations in home life and work load management for policy makers in order to enhance QNWL in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Peshawar Pakistan.
{"title":"Assessment of Quality of Nurses’ Work Life in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan","authors":"Tariq Rahim, Ayaz Ayub, Bakhtiar Ali Shah, Ejaz Ali Khan, Nadia Sajid","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i07.938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i07.938","url":null,"abstract":"Nurses have been considered the backbone of health care delivery system, but regretfully saying that very limited attention has been paid to the development of nursing throughout the world. Objective: To assess the Quality of Nurses Work Life (QNWL) in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Peshawar Pakistan. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional approach was applied to assess the QNWL in Lady Reading Hospital and Hayatabad Medical Complex Peshawar. Sample consisted of 240 participants via selection of multistage random sampling technique. Brook QNWL questionnaire was adopted for data collection and then validated and pre-tested it. Results: The sample data consisted of 79.20% female 20.80% male participants, out of which 46.02% were married and 53.98% un-married. The sample consisted of 94.25% Charge Nurses, 4.42% Head Nurses and 1.33% Nursing Managers in the study. The mean score of QNWL in this study was 162.24 ± 21.16. Furthermore, 3.98% nurses reported Low QNWL, 92.48% Moderate QNWL and 3.54% High QNWL in the sample. There was found an association between employment type with home life and work load subscales of QNWL whereas, home life has also an association with gender, marital status and salaries. Conclusions: It was concluded from the study findings that majority (92.48%) nurses have moderate QNWL in selected hospitals. Nurses home life and work load subscale of QNWL is affected by some demographics. Therefore, the study findings suggest recommendations in home life and work load management for policy makers in order to enhance QNWL in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Peshawar Pakistan.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"238 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135314111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The prevalence of paediatric asthma, a serious worldwide health issue, varies greatly across different geographical areas. Particularly striking contrasts have been found between Islamabad, Pakistan, and Urumqi, China, prompting a comparison of the underlying causes of uncontrolled asthma. Objective: To determine and evaluate the variables influencing uncontrolled asthma in children in the populations of Urumqi and Islamabad. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study on children with uncontrolled asthma aged 3 to 18 years old was carried out in Urumqi, China, and Islamabad, Pakistan. Analysis of hospital data were used to evaluate the uncontrolled factors related to patient’s demographics, medical history, factors related to asthma control and living conditions and the environment. Results: In both cities, the study found important causes of uncontrolled asthma. Poor inhaler technique, raised BMI, environmental triggers such pollen allergies, poorly ventilated homes, and treatment non-compliance were also noted in both populations. In addition, the study indicated that uncontrolled asthma was present in 32% of paediatric patients in Urumqi and 56% of those in Islamabad for a variety of reasons. Conclusions: The results underscore the importance of context-specific interventions in managing paediatric asthma. Measures such as improving inhaler techniques, ensuring treatment compliance, healthy BMI and proper ventilation can significantly improve asthma control in paediatric populations of both Urumqi and Islamabad.
{"title":"A Comparative Analysis of Factors Affecting Uncontrolled Asthma among Paediatric Population in Urumqi vs Islamabad","authors":"M. Arif, Li Ru, Yanan Wang","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i07.877","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i07.877","url":null,"abstract":"The prevalence of paediatric asthma, a serious worldwide health issue, varies greatly across different geographical areas. Particularly striking contrasts have been found between Islamabad, Pakistan, and Urumqi, China, prompting a comparison of the underlying causes of uncontrolled asthma. Objective: To determine and evaluate the variables influencing uncontrolled asthma in children in the populations of Urumqi and Islamabad. Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study on children with uncontrolled asthma aged 3 to 18 years old was carried out in Urumqi, China, and Islamabad, Pakistan. Analysis of hospital data were used to evaluate the uncontrolled factors related to patient’s demographics, medical history, factors related to asthma control and living conditions and the environment. Results: In both cities, the study found important causes of uncontrolled asthma. Poor inhaler technique, raised BMI, environmental triggers such pollen allergies, poorly ventilated homes, and treatment non-compliance were also noted in both populations. In addition, the study indicated that uncontrolled asthma was present in 32% of paediatric patients in Urumqi and 56% of those in Islamabad for a variety of reasons. Conclusions: The results underscore the importance of context-specific interventions in managing paediatric asthma. Measures such as improving inhaler techniques, ensuring treatment compliance, healthy BMI and proper ventilation can significantly improve asthma control in paediatric populations of both Urumqi and Islamabad.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88545270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The World Health Organization defines the Social Determinants of Health (SDH) as "the conditions under which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, as well as the broader set of forces and systems influencing the conditions of daily life". Psychosocial variables and social determinants both have an important role in determining a person's health and well-being. The psychological, social, and cultural dimensions of these issues can have an impact on a person's behavior and health. Stress, education, poverty, social exclusion, discrimination, and violence are a few examples of these psychosocial determinants. These elements can be protective or, on the other hand, raise the risk of physical and mental illness and lower people's quality of life. Social determinants of health are a combination of social, economic, and physical factors. They play a role in determining the patterns of illness, disease, and health that are observed in a population. They establish the circumstances in which people are conceived, develop, live, work, and age. Health and medical care, economic security, social and communal context, local geography and built environment, and education are all examples of social determinants of health. The connection between individuals and their social and physical environments frequently worsens poor health outcomes. Low socioeconomic position, unemployment, strained family ties, and hazardous neighborhoods have been shown in studies to have a significant negative impact on mental health. Additionally, those who suffer from severe psychological disorders are more probable to experience social segregation, poverty, food insecurity and housing uncertainty all of which can decrease quality of life and hamper rehabilitation. Pakistan experienced the largest gain among the SAARC nations between 2013 and 2018, increasing its happiness score by 26 points, and is expected to rank among the top 20 gainers globally in 2020 [2]. However, it lowers to 4.934from 2018-2020 and is ranked 105 out of 149 happiest countries. There could be a number of causes for this downward tendency. The need of the hour is to pinpoint the causes of Pakistan's declining happiness level. These findings would help policymakers get rid of or manage the factors contributing to people's lower levels of happiness. It is improbable to understate the importance of social and psychological factors in determining health. Healthcare systems and politicians may create initiatives that successfully promote well-being, lessen health inequities, and enhance overall health outcomes by understanding and addressing these variables. A healthier and more equal society must be built via comprehensive strategies that incorporate socioeconomic inequities and mental health care. In order to promote a more inclusive and sustainable society, the international community is making great progress towards reaching many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We are covering several SDGs described b
{"title":"Impact of Psychological and Social Determinants on Health","authors":"Riffat Mehboob","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i07.896","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i07.896","url":null,"abstract":"The World Health Organization defines the Social Determinants of Health (SDH) as \"the conditions under which people are born, grow, work, live, and age, as well as the broader set of forces and systems influencing the conditions of daily life\". Psychosocial variables and social determinants both have an important role in determining a person's health and well-being. The psychological, social, and cultural dimensions of these issues can have an impact on a person's behavior and health. Stress, education, poverty, social exclusion, discrimination, and violence are a few examples of these psychosocial determinants. These elements can be protective or, on the other hand, raise the risk of physical and mental illness and lower people's quality of life. Social determinants of health are a combination of social, economic, and physical factors. They play a role in determining the patterns of illness, disease, and health that are observed in a population. They establish the circumstances in which people are conceived, develop, live, work, and age. Health and medical care, economic security, social and communal context, local geography and built environment, and education are all examples of social determinants of health. The connection between individuals and their social and physical environments frequently worsens poor health outcomes. Low socioeconomic position, unemployment, strained family ties, and hazardous neighborhoods have been shown in studies to have a significant negative impact on mental health. Additionally, those who suffer from severe psychological disorders are more probable to experience social segregation, poverty, food insecurity and housing uncertainty all of which can decrease quality of life and hamper rehabilitation. Pakistan experienced the largest gain among the SAARC nations between 2013 and 2018, increasing its happiness score by 26 points, and is expected to rank among the top 20 gainers globally in 2020 [2]. However, it lowers to 4.934from 2018-2020 and is ranked 105 out of 149 happiest countries. There could be a number of causes for this downward tendency. The need of the hour is to pinpoint the causes of Pakistan's declining happiness level. These findings would help policymakers get rid of or manage the factors contributing to people's lower levels of happiness. It is improbable to understate the importance of social and psychological factors in determining health. Healthcare systems and politicians may create initiatives that successfully promote well-being, lessen health inequities, and enhance overall health outcomes by understanding and addressing these variables. A healthier and more equal society must be built via comprehensive strategies that incorporate socioeconomic inequities and mental health care. In order to promote a more inclusive and sustainable society, the international community is making great progress towards reaching many Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). We are covering several SDGs described b","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80411920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Hannan Jamil, Aneeb Ashraf, Asmatullah Khan, Bilal Ashraf, Muhammad Bilal Afzal, Ferheen Shahbaz
One of the most frequent cause of central vision deterioration in people with retinopathy due to diabetes is diabetic macular edema. Suprachoroidal injections offer a novel way of delivery for the administration of corticosteroids that may have various benefits. Objective: To observe outcome of triamcinolone acetonide given by suprachoroidal route for the treatment of resistant diabetic macular edema. Methods: A descriptive case series study which was carried out at Department of Ophthalmology, Layton Rahmatullah Benevolant Trust Hospital Multan Road Lahore from July 14, 2021 till Jan 14, 2022. A total of 60 cases meeting selection criteria was taken after taking approval from hospital ethical committee. All injections were given by a single surgeon to avoid any related bias. 30-gauge 1cc insulin syringe was used in all cases. Results: The study included patients aged between 30 and 70 years, and the average age was 52.73 ± 10.99 years. There were 39(65%) male with 21(35%) female cases. The average central subfield thickness before and after one month was 593.62 ± 116.87 µm and 303.55 ± 31.29 µm with statistically significantly less mean central subfield thickness after 1 month, p-value less than 0.001. The mean visual acuity after correction before and after one month was 0.81 ± 0.16 and 0.45 ± 0.03 respectively, with statistically significantly less mean optimally corrected visual acuity after 1 month, p-value less than 0.001. Conclusions: It was found that suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide is useful in managing the central subfield and optimally corrected visual acuity in resistant diabetic macular edema.
{"title":"Outcome of Suprachoroidal Triamcinolone Acetonide in Resistant Diabetic Macular Edema","authors":"Muhammad Hannan Jamil, Aneeb Ashraf, Asmatullah Khan, Bilal Ashraf, Muhammad Bilal Afzal, Ferheen Shahbaz","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i07.932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i07.932","url":null,"abstract":"One of the most frequent cause of central vision deterioration in people with retinopathy due to diabetes is diabetic macular edema. Suprachoroidal injections offer a novel way of delivery for the administration of corticosteroids that may have various benefits. Objective: To observe outcome of triamcinolone acetonide given by suprachoroidal route for the treatment of resistant diabetic macular edema. Methods: A descriptive case series study which was carried out at Department of Ophthalmology, Layton Rahmatullah Benevolant Trust Hospital Multan Road Lahore from July 14, 2021 till Jan 14, 2022. A total of 60 cases meeting selection criteria was taken after taking approval from hospital ethical committee. All injections were given by a single surgeon to avoid any related bias. 30-gauge 1cc insulin syringe was used in all cases. Results: The study included patients aged between 30 and 70 years, and the average age was 52.73 ± 10.99 years. There were 39(65%) male with 21(35%) female cases. The average central subfield thickness before and after one month was 593.62 ± 116.87 µm and 303.55 ± 31.29 µm with statistically significantly less mean central subfield thickness after 1 month, p-value less than 0.001. The mean visual acuity after correction before and after one month was 0.81 ± 0.16 and 0.45 ± 0.03 respectively, with statistically significantly less mean optimally corrected visual acuity after 1 month, p-value less than 0.001. Conclusions: It was found that suprachoroidal triamcinolone acetonide is useful in managing the central subfield and optimally corrected visual acuity in resistant diabetic macular edema.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-07-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135314118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Haji Gul, I. Ullah, Muhammad Qasim Khan, Ahmad Khizar Hayat, Asma Khan, Bibi Asma
Skin fold thickness (SFT) evaluation is affordable, trustworthy, noninvasive and straightforward way of assessing fat in the body at all age-groups, including the infants. Objective: To do the comparison of the CAN (Clinical Assessment of Nutrition) score with various anthropometric parameters in assessing the importance of the skin fold thickness for foetal nutrition assessment. Methods: This observational and prospective study was carried out in the Pediatric Department of Bacha Khan Medical Complex, Swabi during the period from 21st July 2022 to 20th 2023. Total 130 babies had their anthropometry measured and their CAN scores recorded. The scores of CAN were calculated, and individuals with scores below 25 were deemed to have foetal malnutrition. For each neonate, skin fold thickness measurements were made by means of the Slim Guide caliper. At each site, two interpretations were recorded, and the mean was noted. The CAN score was correlated with all measurements of skin fold thickness, and statistical comparisons were performed. Results: 40.88% of children had foetal malnutrition. The mean (SD) for all skin-fold thickness sum at all sites for females and males were 4.26 ± 0.28 and 4.6 ± 1.89mm respectively. The sum of all data comparing fetal malnutrition and no fetal malnutrition using the mean (SD) of infant anthropometric data and Clinical Assessment of Nutrition score was significant statistically (p-value < 0.001). Conclusions: The five skinfold measurements sum can be a beneficial tool of screening for foetal malnutrition in terms of its relevance, simplicity and objectivity but is not specific or sensitive enough to replace the scores of CAN in identifying foetal malnutrition among newborns.
皮肤折叠厚度(SFT)评估是一种经济、可靠、无创和直接的方法，可以评估所有年龄组(包括婴儿)体内的脂肪。目的:比较临床营养评价(Clinical Assessment of Nutrition, CAN)评分与各种人体测量参数在评价皮肤褶皱厚度对胎儿营养评价中的重要性。方法:本观察性前瞻性研究于2022年7月21日至2023年7月20日在斯瓦比Bacha Khan综合医院儿科进行。总共有130名婴儿进行了人体测量，并记录了他们的CAN分数。计算CAN得分，得分低于25分的个体被认为患有胎儿营养不良。对于每个新生儿，皮肤折叠厚度测量是通过细长的指导卡尺。在每个地点，记录了两次解释，并记录了平均值。CAN评分与皮肤褶皱厚度的所有测量值相关，并进行统计学比较。结果:40.88%的患儿存在胎儿营养不良。女性和男性各部位皮肤褶皱厚度总和的平均值(SD)分别为4.26±0.28和4.6±1.89mm。使用婴儿人体测量数据的平均值(SD)和临床营养评估评分比较胎儿营养不良和非胎儿营养不良的所有数据的总和具有统计学意义(p值< 0.001)。结论:五项皮襞测量总和在相关性、简便性和客观性方面可作为筛查胎儿营养不良的有益工具，但其特异性和敏感性不足以取代can评分来识别新生儿胎儿营养不良。
{"title":"Comparison of the CAN (Clinical Assessment of Nutrition) Score with other Anthropometric Parameters to Determine the Importance of The Skin Fold Thickness for Foetal Nutrition Assessment","authors":"Haji Gul, I. Ullah, Muhammad Qasim Khan, Ahmad Khizar Hayat, Asma Khan, Bibi Asma","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i06.880","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i06.880","url":null,"abstract":"Skin fold thickness (SFT) evaluation is affordable, trustworthy, noninvasive and straightforward way of assessing fat in the body at all age-groups, including the infants. Objective: To do the comparison of the CAN (Clinical Assessment of Nutrition) score with various anthropometric parameters in assessing the importance of the skin fold thickness for foetal nutrition assessment. Methods: This observational and prospective study was carried out in the Pediatric Department of Bacha Khan Medical Complex, Swabi during the period from 21st July 2022 to 20th 2023. Total 130 babies had their anthropometry measured and their CAN scores recorded. The scores of CAN were calculated, and individuals with scores below 25 were deemed to have foetal malnutrition. For each neonate, skin fold thickness measurements were made by means of the Slim Guide caliper. At each site, two interpretations were recorded, and the mean was noted. The CAN score was correlated with all measurements of skin fold thickness, and statistical comparisons were performed. Results: 40.88% of children had foetal malnutrition. The mean (SD) for all skin-fold thickness sum at all sites for females and males were 4.26 ± 0.28 and 4.6 ± 1.89mm respectively. The sum of all data comparing fetal malnutrition and no fetal malnutrition using the mean (SD) of infant anthropometric data and Clinical Assessment of Nutrition score was significant statistically (p-value < 0.001). Conclusions: The five skinfold measurements sum can be a beneficial tool of screening for foetal malnutrition in terms of its relevance, simplicity and objectivity but is not specific or sensitive enough to replace the scores of CAN in identifying foetal malnutrition among newborns.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"128 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72574502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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