Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1021
Maryam Azhar, Muneeb Zafar, Ali Irtaza, Madiha Asad, Sajal Kim, Manam Walait, Huda Rehman Mir, Salman Walyat
A progressive decrease of renal function is a symptom of chronic kidney disease, commonly known as chronic kidney failure. The body may accumulate hazardous amounts of fluid, electrolytes, and wastes if the patient has advanced chronic kidney disease. There are several causative factors which lead to CKD which include high or low blood pressure, more accumulation of cholesterol, diabetes and many more. According to WHO global health statistics in 2012, 864,226 mortalities (or 15% of all deaths worldwide) were attributed to this illness. CKD was categorized 14th on the index of principal causes of death, having 122 mortalities per 100,000 persons. Most of the causes of deaths were due to sudden cardiac arrests in CKD patients. In this review, we made a list of 10 FDA approved medications which has proven to decrease CKD and fatalities caused by cardiac arrests. SGLT-2 inhibitors have shown promising results in manipulating kidney functions to improve the efficiency of heart.
{"title":"Pharmacotherapy in Cardiovascular Disease with Chronic Kidney Disease Medications: A Comprehensive Literature","authors":"Maryam Azhar, Muneeb Zafar, Ali Irtaza, Madiha Asad, Sajal Kim, Manam Walait, Huda Rehman Mir, Salman Walyat","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1021","url":null,"abstract":"A progressive decrease of renal function is a symptom of chronic kidney disease, commonly known as chronic kidney failure. The body may accumulate hazardous amounts of fluid, electrolytes, and wastes if the patient has advanced chronic kidney disease. There are several causative factors which lead to CKD which include high or low blood pressure, more accumulation of cholesterol, diabetes and many more. According to WHO global health statistics in 2012, 864,226 mortalities (or 15% of all deaths worldwide) were attributed to this illness. CKD was categorized 14th on the index of principal causes of death, having 122 mortalities per 100,000 persons. Most of the causes of deaths were due to sudden cardiac arrests in CKD patients. In this review, we made a list of 10 FDA approved medications which has proven to decrease CKD and fatalities caused by cardiac arrests. SGLT-2 inhibitors have shown promising results in manipulating kidney functions to improve the efficiency of heart.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038359","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tehreem Malik, Akash John, Abid Ali, Muhammad Ahmad Naeem
PCOS and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are both associated with the metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by central adiposity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Objective: To determine the association between poly cystic ovaries and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in young females. Methods: In this cross-sectional study at Chughtai Medical Center in Lahore, 272 patients with polycystic ovaries and fatty liver disease were selected. Utilizing a convex abdominal instrument with a frequency range of 3-5 MHz, the Toshiba Nemio 17 was utilized. Results: In this study, 74 out of 272 female patients diagnosed with PCOS also had fatty liver, highlighting a significant association (p-value = 0.025). Notably, within the 17-25 age group, 45 to 46 patients exhibited fatty liver, suggesting a link between PCOS and fatty liver in younger individuals experiencing hormonal issues. Conclusions: This study demonstrates association between polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescent females and with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The findings support the notion that PCOS is more prevalent in individuals with NAFLD.
{"title":"Association between Poly Cystic Ovaries and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Young Females on Ultrasonography","authors":"Tehreem Malik, Akash John, Abid Ali, Muhammad Ahmad Naeem","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.954","url":null,"abstract":"PCOS and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease are both associated with the metabolic syndrome, which is characterized by central adiposity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. Objective: To determine the association between poly cystic ovaries and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in young females. Methods: In this cross-sectional study at Chughtai Medical Center in Lahore, 272 patients with polycystic ovaries and fatty liver disease were selected. Utilizing a convex abdominal instrument with a frequency range of 3-5 MHz, the Toshiba Nemio 17 was utilized. Results: In this study, 74 out of 272 female patients diagnosed with PCOS also had fatty liver, highlighting a significant association (p-value = 0.025). Notably, within the 17-25 age group, 45 to 46 patients exhibited fatty liver, suggesting a link between PCOS and fatty liver in younger individuals experiencing hormonal issues. Conclusions: This study demonstrates association between polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescent females and with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. The findings support the notion that PCOS is more prevalent in individuals with NAFLD.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135037875","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Emotional intelligence is the ability to sense what is going on, to understand how it feels while in that circumstance, to effectively analyses and consider other people's thoughts and feelings, and to respond accordingly. It can be defined as the ability to correctly recognize one's own and others' emotions. Objectives: To determine the association between patients’ satisfaction and level of emotional intelligence (EI) in nurses working in medical and surgical department in tertiary care hospitals, Lahore. Methods: A correlational study design was used to carry on this study. This study was conducted at Mayo Hospital and Social Security Hospital Kot Lakh Pat Lahore. The duration of the study was six months from Jan, 2023 to June; 2023.The study participants were registered nurses (both male and female) and admit patients (both male and female) there. Purposive sampling technique was used n=265 participants were recruited. To assess the performance among nurses and patients, an observational checklist was used. Data of the study participants was entered in statistical software SPSS version 21.0 and was analyzed accordingly. Results: This study shows that there are statistically non-significant differences between patient’s satisfaction and emotional intelligence. The results revealed a non-significant association between nurses' emotional intelligence and patient’s satisfaction, as p-value is p=.381 which is non-significant. So, we reject the alternative hypothesis and accept the null hypothesis. Conclusions: It is concluded that nurse’s emotional intelligence has no relationship on patient’s satisfaction, Nurse’s emotional intelligence and its association with patient’s satisfaction, which results were non-significant.
{"title":"Relationship between Patient’s Satisfaction and level of emotional Intelligence in Nurses Working in Tertiary Care Hospital","authors":"Orung Zaib Masih, Madiha Mukhtar, Sarfraz Masih","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.968","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.968","url":null,"abstract":"Emotional intelligence is the ability to sense what is going on, to understand how it feels while in that circumstance, to effectively analyses and consider other people's thoughts and feelings, and to respond accordingly. It can be defined as the ability to correctly recognize one's own and others' emotions. Objectives: To determine the association between patients’ satisfaction and level of emotional intelligence (EI) in nurses working in medical and surgical department in tertiary care hospitals, Lahore. Methods: A correlational study design was used to carry on this study. This study was conducted at Mayo Hospital and Social Security Hospital Kot Lakh Pat Lahore. The duration of the study was six months from Jan, 2023 to June; 2023.The study participants were registered nurses (both male and female) and admit patients (both male and female) there. Purposive sampling technique was used n=265 participants were recruited. To assess the performance among nurses and patients, an observational checklist was used. Data of the study participants was entered in statistical software SPSS version 21.0 and was analyzed accordingly. Results: This study shows that there are statistically non-significant differences between patient’s satisfaction and emotional intelligence. The results revealed a non-significant association between nurses' emotional intelligence and patient’s satisfaction, as p-value is p=.381 which is non-significant. So, we reject the alternative hypothesis and accept the null hypothesis. Conclusions: It is concluded that nurse’s emotional intelligence has no relationship on patient’s satisfaction, Nurse’s emotional intelligence and its association with patient’s satisfaction, which results were non-significant.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038193","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anam Zubair, Bahisht Rizwan, Hooria Ajmal, Sahar Imran, Amsa Fatima
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is the most prevailing complicated gastrointestinal disorder with an approximate 11.2% global prevalence, indicating a critical need for an improved understanding of the condition. Several studies suggested that adult IBS patients' symptoms and quality of life are markedly improved by vitamin D supplementation. Objective: To analyze the impact of oral Vitamin D3 supplementation on quality of life in patients with Intestinal Bowel Syndrome. Methods: A randomized control trial (RCT) was conducted for 9 months. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to allocate 24 participants aged between 25 to 35 years and BMI of 18–25. The participants were separated into two groups, G1 and G0. G1 received 50,000 IU of vitamin D weekly for 6 weeks. Results: Before the intervention, values of IBS-QOL for G1 were estimated as 1.8±0.71 while at the end of the intervention, there was a visible improvement in the values of IBS-QoL with the mean and SD determined as 2.4±0.51. The p-value for G1 was 0.002 which shows that there were significant improvements in the G1. Conclusions: The present study concluded that vitamin D supplementation can benefit patients with IBS by adding 5000 IU of vitamin D supplementation.
{"title":"Impact of Oral Vitamin D3 Supplementation on Quality of Life in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)","authors":"Anam Zubair, Bahisht Rizwan, Hooria Ajmal, Sahar Imran, Amsa Fatima","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.988","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.988","url":null,"abstract":"Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is the most prevailing complicated gastrointestinal disorder with an approximate 11.2% global prevalence, indicating a critical need for an improved understanding of the condition. Several studies suggested that adult IBS patients' symptoms and quality of life are markedly improved by vitamin D supplementation. Objective: To analyze the impact of oral Vitamin D3 supplementation on quality of life in patients with Intestinal Bowel Syndrome. Methods: A randomized control trial (RCT) was conducted for 9 months. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to allocate 24 participants aged between 25 to 35 years and BMI of 18–25. The participants were separated into two groups, G1 and G0. G1 received 50,000 IU of vitamin D weekly for 6 weeks. Results: Before the intervention, values of IBS-QOL for G1 were estimated as 1.8±0.71 while at the end of the intervention, there was a visible improvement in the values of IBS-QoL with the mean and SD determined as 2.4±0.51. The p-value for G1 was 0.002 which shows that there were significant improvements in the G1. Conclusions: The present study concluded that vitamin D supplementation can benefit patients with IBS by adding 5000 IU of vitamin D supplementation.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038196","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1038
Azeem Azam, Shumaila Ziafat, Ata ul Mustafa Fahid, Farhan Anjum, Hamza Faseeh, Rabia Bano, Attiq ur Rehman, Amina Bashir
Chitosan-based polysaccharide biomaterials have gained interest as viable options in tissue engineering due to their distinctive properties and wide range of potential applications. Biomaterials play a crucial role in regenerative medicine because they foster an environment conducive to cell growth and tissue repair. The chitin-derived polysaccharide chitosan is superior than synthetic materials in several ways: it has a similar structure to the extracellular matrix, is biocompatible, biodegradable, antimicrobial, and can incorporate bioactive chemicals. In this article, check how chitosan can be used in tissue engineering as a scaffold for different types of tissue, a hydrogel for wound healing, and a carrier for gene therapy, stem cell culture, and drug delivery. Scaffolds made from chitosan have shown tremendous promise in tissue engineering for the neurological system, bone and cartilage transplantation, and skin regeneration. Hydrogels made from chitosan have been shown to be useful in treating wounds and stopping bleeding. Chitosan's medicinal potential in gene therapy, stem cell culture, and targeted medication administration is further enhanced by the addition of bioactive components such as growth factors, genes, or medicines. In addition, using chitosan in tissue engineering can pave the way for future developments in stem cell techniques, nanotechnology, biofabrication, and 3D bioprinting, among other areas of study. These advances may one day lead to individualized and highly effective therapies for tissue repair and regeneration. The use of chitosan in tissue engineering has the potential to advance regenerative medicine and address the growing demand for more effective techniques to heal damaged tissues. Tissue engineers can revolutionize the field of regenerative medicine and enhance patient outcomes by taking use of chitosan's adaptability and bioactivity to create cutting-edge biomaterials and therapeutic techniques.
{"title":"Application of Chitosan-Based Polysaccharide Biomaterials in Tissue Engineering","authors":"Azeem Azam, Shumaila Ziafat, Ata ul Mustafa Fahid, Farhan Anjum, Hamza Faseeh, Rabia Bano, Attiq ur Rehman, Amina Bashir","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1038","url":null,"abstract":"Chitosan-based polysaccharide biomaterials have gained interest as viable options in tissue engineering due to their distinctive properties and wide range of potential applications. Biomaterials play a crucial role in regenerative medicine because they foster an environment conducive to cell growth and tissue repair. The chitin-derived polysaccharide chitosan is superior than synthetic materials in several ways: it has a similar structure to the extracellular matrix, is biocompatible, biodegradable, antimicrobial, and can incorporate bioactive chemicals. In this article, check how chitosan can be used in tissue engineering as a scaffold for different types of tissue, a hydrogel for wound healing, and a carrier for gene therapy, stem cell culture, and drug delivery. Scaffolds made from chitosan have shown tremendous promise in tissue engineering for the neurological system, bone and cartilage transplantation, and skin regeneration. Hydrogels made from chitosan have been shown to be useful in treating wounds and stopping bleeding. Chitosan's medicinal potential in gene therapy, stem cell culture, and targeted medication administration is further enhanced by the addition of bioactive components such as growth factors, genes, or medicines. In addition, using chitosan in tissue engineering can pave the way for future developments in stem cell techniques, nanotechnology, biofabrication, and 3D bioprinting, among other areas of study. These advances may one day lead to individualized and highly effective therapies for tissue repair and regeneration. The use of chitosan in tissue engineering has the potential to advance regenerative medicine and address the growing demand for more effective techniques to heal damaged tissues. Tissue engineers can revolutionize the field of regenerative medicine and enhance patient outcomes by taking use of chitosan's adaptability and bioactivity to create cutting-edge biomaterials and therapeutic techniques.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038364","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1040
Muhammad Farrukh Habib, Ayesha Pervaiz, Hassan Riaz, Humaira Mahmood, Jawaria Khan, Sher Afgan Raisani, Syed Ihtishaam Kakakhel, Nimra Riaz
Studies from all around the world have shown that healthcare professionals may encounter a number of obstacles to receiving dental care, which raises the prevalence of oral disorders in this population. In recent years, Pakistan has not done a national oral health assessment on the state of oral health among healthcare workers. Objective: To determine the oral health status of health care workers in tertiary care hospitals using Decayed, Missed, Filled tooth Index. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing a simple random selection and 385 healthcare workers between the ages of 20-50 years. Healthcare workers were assessed in tertiary care hospitals, and information on caries and gingival health was gathered. For the oral examination, the standards and procedures of the WHO were applied. Results: Only 9.8% of the respondents were healthy and mean DMFT score came out to be 3.28 ± 1.12. Conclusions: Healthcare workers in tertiary have unsatisfactory dental practices, poor attitude related to oral health and general lack of awareness about oral health.
{"title":"Oral Health Status of Health Care Workers in Tertiary Care Hospitals of Rawalpindi, Islamabad Pakistan","authors":"Muhammad Farrukh Habib, Ayesha Pervaiz, Hassan Riaz, Humaira Mahmood, Jawaria Khan, Sher Afgan Raisani, Syed Ihtishaam Kakakhel, Nimra Riaz","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1040","url":null,"abstract":"Studies from all around the world have shown that healthcare professionals may encounter a number of obstacles to receiving dental care, which raises the prevalence of oral disorders in this population. In recent years, Pakistan has not done a national oral health assessment on the state of oral health among healthcare workers. Objective: To determine the oral health status of health care workers in tertiary care hospitals using Decayed, Missed, Filled tooth Index. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing a simple random selection and 385 healthcare workers between the ages of 20-50 years. Healthcare workers were assessed in tertiary care hospitals, and information on caries and gingival health was gathered. For the oral examination, the standards and procedures of the WHO were applied. Results: Only 9.8% of the respondents were healthy and mean DMFT score came out to be 3.28 ± 1.12. Conclusions: Healthcare workers in tertiary have unsatisfactory dental practices, poor attitude related to oral health and general lack of awareness about oral health.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1027
Muhammad Ahmad Raza, Rabia Parveen, Hajra Sultan, Laamia Altuf, Amna Sana, Farwa Seemab Zafar
Most patients with manic depression and diseases have issues with their circadian rhythms and sleep. Melatonin, which is vital for circadian rhythm and sleep, is secreted by pineal gland. This study evaluated and compared the volume of pineal gland in individuals with psychotic symptoms and manic depression. The aim of study is to find out volume of Pineal glands in Schizophrenic Patients. The data included in this literature review were found using several search engines. Using magnetic resonance imaging, the total mean pineal volume compared with the total pineal gland volume of all patients. In this research's literature evaluation, only 26 articles were used for extraction of data related to topic statement. The current study looked role of MRI to assess volume of pineal gland in in Schizophrenic patients. Patients with manic depression had considerably lower mean volume of pineal gland than the other groups. It is concluded that although more research is needed to fully understand the aspects of medications and more mediating agents on the volume of pineal gland. This difference is not present in patients with manic depression. Pineal gland abnormalities in schizophrenia patients may contribute to the disease's etiology.
{"title":"Emerging role of MRI to assess the Volume of Pineal Glands in Schizophrenia and Mood Disorders: Literature Review","authors":"Muhammad Ahmad Raza, Rabia Parveen, Hajra Sultan, Laamia Altuf, Amna Sana, Farwa Seemab Zafar","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1027","url":null,"abstract":"Most patients with manic depression and diseases have issues with their circadian rhythms and sleep. Melatonin, which is vital for circadian rhythm and sleep, is secreted by pineal gland. This study evaluated and compared the volume of pineal gland in individuals with psychotic symptoms and manic depression. The aim of study is to find out volume of Pineal glands in Schizophrenic Patients. The data included in this literature review were found using several search engines. Using magnetic resonance imaging, the total mean pineal volume compared with the total pineal gland volume of all patients. In this research's literature evaluation, only 26 articles were used for extraction of data related to topic statement. The current study looked role of MRI to assess volume of pineal gland in in Schizophrenic patients. Patients with manic depression had considerably lower mean volume of pineal gland than the other groups. It is concluded that although more research is needed to fully understand the aspects of medications and more mediating agents on the volume of pineal gland. This difference is not present in patients with manic depression. Pineal gland abnormalities in schizophrenia patients may contribute to the disease's etiology.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"76 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1024
. Gul e Lala, Nashrah Imtiaz, Arsham Ikram, Anusha Sheraz, Qurat ul Ain, Sawera Ammad, Mawra Zahid
Reduced stereopsis or depth perception may be the early indicator of abnormal motor functions in people therefore, the stereopsis test is considered ideal for visual screening. It can accomplish the need for the assessment of stereopsis by using a cost-effective smartphone application. Objective: To compare the stereo acuity values of manual and digital stereopsis tests by using the Random Dot Stereo Acuity test with Lea Symbols (Manual) and the SAT App for Android (Digital). Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out in the Eye department at The University of Lahore Teaching Hospital from February 2023 to May 2023. A total of 62 subjects aged 15-35 years were included in our study, out of which 31 were emmetropes and 31 were ametropes. Screening of subjects was done which included torch light examination and basic refraction. Manually stereopsis was measured using Random Dot stereo acuity test with Lea symbols and digitally it was measured by SAT application. Results: The mean ± SD stereo acuity value of the manual test (N=62) was 60.5242 ± 36.47607 seconds of arc and the mean stereo acuity value of the digital test (N=62) was 70.0968 ± 28.29569 seconds of arc. P-value was 0.006 which confirmed that our results were statistically significant. Conclusions: Our study highlighted the comparison of digital and manual stereopsis tests. We obtained different stereo acuity values from both tests on the same individuals. Hence, the manual test gave better values of stereopsis than the digital test.
立体视觉或深度感知能力下降可能是人类运动功能异常的早期指标，因此，立体视觉测试被认为是视觉筛查的理想选择。它可以通过使用具有成本效益的智能手机应用程序来完成对立体视觉评估的需要。目的:采用Lea Symbols (manual)和SAT App for Android (digital)进行随机点立体视敏度测试，比较手动立体视敏度和数字立体视敏度的差异。方法:于2023年2月至2023年5月在拉合尔大学教学医院眼科进行比较横断面研究。我们的研究共纳入了62名年龄在15-35岁之间的受试者，其中31名为正异性，31名为变异性。筛选受试者，包括火炬光检查和基本折射。人工立体视觉测量采用Lea符号随机点立体视敏度测试，数字立体视觉测量采用SAT软件。结果:手工测试(N=62)的平均±SD立体视敏值为60.5242±36.47607秒弧，数字测试(N=62)的平均立体视敏值为70.0968±28.29569秒弧。p值为0.006，证实我们的结果具有统计学意义。结论:我们的研究强调了数字和手动立体视觉测试的比较。我们从同一个体的两次测试中获得了不同的立体敏锐度值。因此，与数字测试相比，手动测试给出了更好的立体视觉值。
{"title":"A Comparative Study of Manual and Digital Methods and Stereopsis Assessment in Young Adults","authors":". Gul e Lala, Nashrah Imtiaz, Arsham Ikram, Anusha Sheraz, Qurat ul Ain, Sawera Ammad, Mawra Zahid","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1024","url":null,"abstract":"Reduced stereopsis or depth perception may be the early indicator of abnormal motor functions in people therefore, the stereopsis test is considered ideal for visual screening. It can accomplish the need for the assessment of stereopsis by using a cost-effective smartphone application. Objective: To compare the stereo acuity values of manual and digital stereopsis tests by using the Random Dot Stereo Acuity test with Lea Symbols (Manual) and the SAT App for Android (Digital). Methods: A comparative cross-sectional study was carried out in the Eye department at The University of Lahore Teaching Hospital from February 2023 to May 2023. A total of 62 subjects aged 15-35 years were included in our study, out of which 31 were emmetropes and 31 were ametropes. Screening of subjects was done which included torch light examination and basic refraction. Manually stereopsis was measured using Random Dot stereo acuity test with Lea symbols and digitally it was measured by SAT application. Results: The mean ± SD stereo acuity value of the manual test (N=62) was 60.5242 ± 36.47607 seconds of arc and the mean stereo acuity value of the digital test (N=62) was 70.0968 ± 28.29569 seconds of arc. P-value was 0.006 which confirmed that our results were statistically significant. Conclusions: Our study highlighted the comparison of digital and manual stereopsis tests. We obtained different stereo acuity values from both tests on the same individuals. Hence, the manual test gave better values of stereopsis than the digital test.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135037869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1047
Tamseela Mumtaz, Sania Shahid, Nageen Mustafa
Preeclampsia is one of the most common, life-threatening complications of pregnancy that is related to maternal as well as perinatal morbidity or mortality. One of the significant causes of preeclampsia is elevated blood pressure which is directly linked with concentrations of electrolytes in the blood. Objective: To evaluate the possible variations of electrolytes in preeclamptic pregnant females. Methods: A total of 90 pregnant females of 20 to 45 years of age were divided into three groups (n=30 in each group) viz normotensive, hypertensive, and preeclamptic pregnant females. All anthropometric and biophysical variables were measured. Among biochemical parameters, serum sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium levels were determined using colorimetric assays while bicarbonate levels were determined by an enzymatic test using phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and a stable nicotinamide dihydrogen phosphate analogue. A comparison of serum electrolytes among different groups was executed by one-way analysis of variance. Results: Preeclamptic females had significantly higher BMI, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure than hypertensive and normotensive pregnant females (p<0.0001). Serum concentrations of sodium and calcium were significantly lower in preeclamptic pregnant females compared to hypertensive pregnant and normotensive pregnant females (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Alteration in the electrolyte levels may contribute to the onset and progression of preeclampsia. Nutritional sodium restriction along with adjuvant supplementation of Ca⁺⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, and Clˉ may minimize the risk of preeclampsia. On the basis of outcomes, it is recommended that pregnant females should eat a balanced diet that contains appropriate amounts of minerals micronutrients, and vitamins.
{"title":"Analysis of Serum Electrolytes Variation in Onset and Progression of Preeclampsia","authors":"Tamseela Mumtaz, Sania Shahid, Nageen Mustafa","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1047","url":null,"abstract":"Preeclampsia is one of the most common, life-threatening complications of pregnancy that is related to maternal as well as perinatal morbidity or mortality. One of the significant causes of preeclampsia is elevated blood pressure which is directly linked with concentrations of electrolytes in the blood. Objective: To evaluate the possible variations of electrolytes in preeclamptic pregnant females. Methods: A total of 90 pregnant females of 20 to 45 years of age were divided into three groups (n=30 in each group) viz normotensive, hypertensive, and preeclamptic pregnant females. All anthropometric and biophysical variables were measured. Among biochemical parameters, serum sodium, potassium, chloride, and calcium levels were determined using colorimetric assays while bicarbonate levels were determined by an enzymatic test using phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase and a stable nicotinamide dihydrogen phosphate analogue. A comparison of serum electrolytes among different groups was executed by one-way analysis of variance. Results: Preeclamptic females had significantly higher BMI, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure than hypertensive and normotensive pregnant females (p<0.0001). Serum concentrations of sodium and calcium were significantly lower in preeclamptic pregnant females compared to hypertensive pregnant and normotensive pregnant females (p<0.0001). Conclusions: Alteration in the electrolyte levels may contribute to the onset and progression of preeclampsia. Nutritional sodium restriction along with adjuvant supplementation of Ca⁺⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, and Clˉ may minimize the risk of preeclampsia. On the basis of outcomes, it is recommended that pregnant females should eat a balanced diet that contains appropriate amounts of minerals micronutrients, and vitamins.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135037870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-30DOI: 10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1060
Riffat Mehboob
To reduce the risk and effect of sudden incidents of public health that put people at risk across national and international boundaries, it is necessary to take both preventive and reactive measures. These measures are referred to as global health security. Discussions on health security in scientific gatherings have become more prevalent in recent years after the Covid pandemic. Health security is for the whole world, irrespective of age, race, gender, or financial stability. However, it has been noted that there are many different concepts of health security, that the whole purpose of this is to accommodate only the upper-class societies. The disturbed equilibrium of the microbial world due to rapid urbanization, population increase, environmental deterioration, and the improper use of antimicrobials makes people realize the importance of health security that requires a collaborative approach focused on preparedness for any future pandemics and equal access to health care products.
The covid-19 pandemic has had a great influence on people’s lives and their ability to think. Now the main race is not about defence systems; it has shifted towards more and better health security and the ability to deal with any future pandemics. The coronavirus outbreak was associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak in 2012, the swine flu pandemic in 2009, and the West African Ebola virus disease epidemic in 2013–2016. All these epidemics are primarily caused by the significant travel of infected people across borders. This highlights the need for global health security, which helps coordinate surveillance and policymaking. This limits disease transmission and reduces the damage.
While infectious diseases have no limits, inadequate health systems in poor nations make them worse and more out of control. Africa and other third-world states face many problems in securing global security. The spread of infectious diseases among susceptible areas is due to inadequate public healthcare fundings, vaccine coverage, poverty, armed conflict, and climate-related disasters, which damage developing countries. This only serves to increase susceptibility to the disease. The continuous transmission of polio and measles in different parts of Africa and Asia, as well as recent Ebola outbreaks in West Africa, highlights the need to overcome this in order to stop the spread of diseases to other areas. No nation can be completely protected from the spread of diseases due to a lack of social services and a strong health infrastructure; hence, global security demands global equality and progress towards health for everyone.
To advance global health security in all nations, there is a need for multi-stakeholders and governance, justifiable finance through the proposed pandemic funds, and common goods for health. Future outbreaks can be efficiently managed by funding basic healthcare and enhancing the res
{"title":"Global Health Security","authors":"Riffat Mehboob","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i09.1060","url":null,"abstract":"To reduce the risk and effect of sudden incidents of public health that put people at risk across national and international boundaries, it is necessary to take both preventive and reactive measures. These measures are referred to as global health security. Discussions on health security in scientific gatherings have become more prevalent in recent years after the Covid pandemic. Health security is for the whole world, irrespective of age, race, gender, or financial stability. However, it has been noted that there are many different concepts of health security, that the whole purpose of this is to accommodate only the upper-class societies. The disturbed equilibrium of the microbial world due to rapid urbanization, population increase, environmental deterioration, and the improper use of antimicrobials makes people realize the importance of health security that requires a collaborative approach focused on preparedness for any future pandemics and equal access to health care products. 
 The covid-19 pandemic has had a great influence on people’s lives and their ability to think. Now the main race is not about defence systems; it has shifted towards more and better health security and the ability to deal with any future pandemics. The coronavirus outbreak was associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak in 2012, the swine flu pandemic in 2009, and the West African Ebola virus disease epidemic in 2013–2016. All these epidemics are primarily caused by the significant travel of infected people across borders. This highlights the need for global health security, which helps coordinate surveillance and policymaking. This limits disease transmission and reduces the damage.
 While infectious diseases have no limits, inadequate health systems in poor nations make them worse and more out of control. Africa and other third-world states face many problems in securing global security. The spread of infectious diseases among susceptible areas is due to inadequate public healthcare fundings, vaccine coverage, poverty, armed conflict, and climate-related disasters, which damage developing countries. This only serves to increase susceptibility to the disease. The continuous transmission of polio and measles in different parts of Africa and Asia, as well as recent Ebola outbreaks in West Africa, highlights the need to overcome this in order to stop the spread of diseases to other areas. No nation can be completely protected from the spread of diseases due to a lack of social services and a strong health infrastructure; hence, global security demands global equality and progress towards health for everyone. 
 To advance global health security in all nations, there is a need for multi-stakeholders and governance, justifiable finance through the proposed pandemic funds, and common goods for health. Future outbreaks can be efficiently managed by funding basic healthcare and enhancing the res","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135038195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：