Raw milk manipulation is one of the major food frauds to gain financial benefits that can be identified through basic analysis. Objective: To analyse fresh milk quality parameters not only to define that milk is of poor quality but also to give some sort of clue that milk is adulterated. Methods: In this regard, a total of 110 (47 cows and 63 buffalo) raw milk samples were collected along with control samples through recommended methods and their routine physical & chemical quality parameters were analyzed. Results: The analysis of physical & chemical quality parameters showed 52/110 (47.3%) unsatisfactory samples with significantly decreased levels of major quality parameters like milk fat (94.2%), total solids (90.4%) and specific gravity (75.0%). It also showed an addition of water while other parameters were comparatively less decreased. There was compensation of water with thorough addition of other adulterants. The analysis also showed 58 (52.7%) samples were found satisfactory with 41/58 (70.7%) samples having normal quality parameters showing natural raw milk or precisely prepared adulterated milk while 17/58 (29.3%) samples had exceptionally raised quality parameters as fat 16/17 (94.1%) samples, total solids 14/17 (82.4%) and specific gravity 12/17 (70.6%) of samples showed the addition of water as well as other adulterants. Conclusions: The assessment of the quality of fresh milk through physical and chemical parameters not only described the poor quality of fresh milk but also gave some clues regarding the addition of different sorts of adulterants (>76.6%).
{"title":"Assessment of Fresh Milk Quality Through Quality Parameters","authors":"Tanveer Ibrahim, Feroza Hamid Wattoo, Muhammad Hamid Sarwar Wattoo, Saima Hamid","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.871","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.871","url":null,"abstract":"Raw milk manipulation is one of the major food frauds to gain financial benefits that can be identified through basic analysis. Objective: To analyse fresh milk quality parameters not only to define that milk is of poor quality but also to give some sort of clue that milk is adulterated. Methods: In this regard, a total of 110 (47 cows and 63 buffalo) raw milk samples were collected along with control samples through recommended methods and their routine physical & chemical quality parameters were analyzed. Results: The analysis of physical & chemical quality parameters showed 52/110 (47.3%) unsatisfactory samples with significantly decreased levels of major quality parameters like milk fat (94.2%), total solids (90.4%) and specific gravity (75.0%). It also showed an addition of water while other parameters were comparatively less decreased. There was compensation of water with thorough addition of other adulterants. The analysis also showed 58 (52.7%) samples were found satisfactory with 41/58 (70.7%) samples having normal quality parameters showing natural raw milk or precisely prepared adulterated milk while 17/58 (29.3%) samples had exceptionally raised quality parameters as fat 16/17 (94.1%) samples, total solids 14/17 (82.4%) and specific gravity 12/17 (70.6%) of samples showed the addition of water as well as other adulterants. Conclusions: The assessment of the quality of fresh milk through physical and chemical parameters not only described the poor quality of fresh milk but also gave some clues regarding the addition of different sorts of adulterants (>76.6%).","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135978252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1070
Kanwal Karim, Simab Pervaiz, Ina Abdul Majeed, Sana Mushtaq, Hina Arshad
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a disease described as definite morphological and cytogenetical abnormalities and leads to coagulopathy leaving the patient in a life-threatening condition. A specific chromosomal translocation of 15 and 17 chromosomes leads to retinoic acid receptor-α (RARα) and promyelocytic leukemia (PML) genes fusion that produces an abnormal gene mutation forming an oncogenic protein which is (PML-RARα). Those APL patients, who have been treated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) or arsenic trioxide (ATO) commonly lead a complicated condition called differentiation syndrome which is rarely severe. This case report explains the 37-years old male diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukemia and later developed a differentiation syndrome after initiation of all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide induction therapy.
{"title":"Differentiation Syndrome; Post-ATRA/ATO Induction Therapy in Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia","authors":"Kanwal Karim, Simab Pervaiz, Ina Abdul Majeed, Sana Mushtaq, Hina Arshad","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1070","url":null,"abstract":"Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a disease described as definite morphological and cytogenetical abnormalities and leads to coagulopathy leaving the patient in a life-threatening condition. A specific chromosomal translocation of 15 and 17 chromosomes leads to retinoic acid receptor-α (RARα) and promyelocytic leukemia (PML) genes fusion that produces an abnormal gene mutation forming an oncogenic protein which is (PML-RARα). Those APL patients, who have been treated with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) or arsenic trioxide (ATO) commonly lead a complicated condition called differentiation syndrome which is rarely severe. This case report explains the 37-years old male diagnosed with acute promyelocytic leukemia and later developed a differentiation syndrome after initiation of all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide induction therapy.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"158 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135977509","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1125
Nasir Khan, Muhammad Wajahat Jan, Rahman Ullah
For best clinical results, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) must be treated quickly. This prospective observational study, conducted at Peshawar institute of cardiology (PIC), Pakistan, from November 23, 2022, to August 16, 2023, examines the connection between clinical outcomes in 120 primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) cases, presentation timing (the period of time from symptom onset to hospital arrival), and Door-to-Balloon (D2B) time. Objective: to pave the road for more efficient, patient-centered care by fostering a more thorough awareness of the complexities involved in the management of acute STEMI. Methods: Demographic data, presentation timing, D2B times, and clinical outcomes were collected. Correlation analysis and regression modeling were employed to investigate the impact of presentation timing on D2B time and clinical outcomes. Sub-group analyses were conducted based on age and gender. Results: The relevance of an early presentation was highlighted by the study's substantial negative association between presentation timing and D2B time (r = -0.62, p 0.001). Smaller myocardial infarct sizes and a decreased frequency of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were seen in patients with D2B times under 90 minutes. Age and gender differences were seen in this connection, according to subgroup analysis. Conclusion: Timely patient presentation is crucial in achieving shorter D2B times, leading to improved clinical outcomes in primary PCI for STEMI. These findings underscore the need for public awareness campaigns and streamlined hospital protocols to optimize STEMI management.
为获得最佳临床效果，st段抬高型心肌梗死(STEMI)必须迅速治疗。这项前瞻性观察性研究于2022年11月23日至2023年8月16日在巴基斯坦白沙瓦心脏病研究所(PIC)进行，研究了120例原发性经皮冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)病例的临床结果、就诊时间(从症状出现到医院到达的时间)和门到球囊(D2B)时间之间的联系。目的:通过培养对急性STEMI管理中涉及的复杂性的更全面的认识，为更有效、以患者为中心的护理铺平道路。方法:收集患者的人口学资料、就诊时间、D2B次数及临床结果。采用相关分析和回归模型探讨就诊时间对D2B时间和临床结果的影响。根据年龄和性别进行亚组分析。结果:该研究强调了早期就诊的相关性，就诊时间和D2B时间之间存在显著的负相关(r = -0.62, p 0.001)。在D2B时间小于90分钟的患者中，心肌梗死面积较小，主要不良心脏事件(MACE)频率降低。根据亚组分析，在这方面可以看到年龄和性别的差异。结论:及时的患者就诊对于缩短D2B时间至关重要，从而改善STEMI初级PCI治疗的临床结果。这些发现强调需要开展公众意识运动和简化医院协议，以优化STEMI管理。
{"title":"The Influence of Presentation Timing and Door to Balloon Timing on the Clinical Outcomes in Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention","authors":"Nasir Khan, Muhammad Wajahat Jan, Rahman Ullah","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1125","url":null,"abstract":"For best clinical results, ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) must be treated quickly. This prospective observational study, conducted at Peshawar institute of cardiology (PIC), Pakistan, from November 23, 2022, to August 16, 2023, examines the connection between clinical outcomes in 120 primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) cases, presentation timing (the period of time from symptom onset to hospital arrival), and Door-to-Balloon (D2B) time. Objective: to pave the road for more efficient, patient-centered care by fostering a more thorough awareness of the complexities involved in the management of acute STEMI. Methods: Demographic data, presentation timing, D2B times, and clinical outcomes were collected. Correlation analysis and regression modeling were employed to investigate the impact of presentation timing on D2B time and clinical outcomes. Sub-group analyses were conducted based on age and gender. Results: The relevance of an early presentation was highlighted by the study's substantial negative association between presentation timing and D2B time (r = -0.62, p 0.001). Smaller myocardial infarct sizes and a decreased frequency of major adverse cardiac events (MACE) were seen in patients with D2B times under 90 minutes. Age and gender differences were seen in this connection, according to subgroup analysis. Conclusion: Timely patient presentation is crucial in achieving shorter D2B times, leading to improved clinical outcomes in primary PCI for STEMI. These findings underscore the need for public awareness campaigns and streamlined hospital protocols to optimize STEMI management.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"32 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135977558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1123
Masooma Batool, Ambar Afzal, Sarah Naveed, Shamim Sattar, Nargis Abdul Rehman
COVID-19 is an unparalleled global challenge, necessitating unprecedented interventions. It emerged as a new and highly contagious virus (SARS-CoV-2), causing high mortality rates and overwhelming healthcare systems. Nevertheless, prior experience with coronaviruses and recent epidemics has provided a foundation for effective infection control and the rapid development of vaccines and treatments. Objective: To assess knowledge attitude and practices regarding COVID-19 among nurses of Mayo Hospital Lahore. Methods: COVID-19 is a unique global dilemma that requires unheard-of remedies. It was a brand new, extremely contagious virus called SARS-CoV-2 that had a devastating impact on health systems and caused high mortality rates. But recent epidemics and past experience with coronaviruses have laid the groundwork for rapid development of vaccines and treatments, as well as effective infection control. Results: The response rate was 100%. The mean age was 3.26+1.474. Among 90 study participants 11(11.2%) were 18-20years, 31(31.6%) were between 21-25years, 3 (3.1%) between 26-30 years, 35 (35.7%) between 31-35years and 11(11.2%) between 36-40years. Further, out of 90 study participant the overall proportion of knowledge attitude and practice were 72.2%, 36.2%, and 63.3% respectively. Conclusions: The overall level of knowledge and practice among nurses was good. However, the attitude was relatively low. National and regional ministry of health should continue efforts and battling of this pandemic disease since it’s still spreading all over the world.
{"title":"Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of COVID-19 among Nurses at Mayo Hospital Lahore","authors":"Masooma Batool, Ambar Afzal, Sarah Naveed, Shamim Sattar, Nargis Abdul Rehman","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1123","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 is an unparalleled global challenge, necessitating unprecedented interventions. It emerged as a new and highly contagious virus (SARS-CoV-2), causing high mortality rates and overwhelming healthcare systems. Nevertheless, prior experience with coronaviruses and recent epidemics has provided a foundation for effective infection control and the rapid development of vaccines and treatments. Objective: To assess knowledge attitude and practices regarding COVID-19 among nurses of Mayo Hospital Lahore. Methods: COVID-19 is a unique global dilemma that requires unheard-of remedies. It was a brand new, extremely contagious virus called SARS-CoV-2 that had a devastating impact on health systems and caused high mortality rates. But recent epidemics and past experience with coronaviruses have laid the groundwork for rapid development of vaccines and treatments, as well as effective infection control. Results: The response rate was 100%. The mean age was 3.26+1.474. Among 90 study participants 11(11.2%) were 18-20years, 31(31.6%) were between 21-25years, 3 (3.1%) between 26-30 years, 35 (35.7%) between 31-35years and 11(11.2%) between 36-40years. Further, out of 90 study participant the overall proportion of knowledge attitude and practice were 72.2%, 36.2%, and 63.3% respectively. Conclusions: The overall level of knowledge and practice among nurses was good. However, the attitude was relatively low. National and regional ministry of health should continue efforts and battling of this pandemic disease since it’s still spreading all over the world.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"33 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135977565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an infection mainly results due to overabundance of germs. Because it affects a variety of immune system functions, it is crucial for BV. In order to timely assess, rationalize prospectively, and manage patients to combat vitamin D deficiency in bacterial vaginosis, this study planned to conduct on patients with bacterial vaginosis in relation to vitamin D deficiency, evaluate the magnitude, and generate local data. Objective: To determine the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in patients with bacterial vaginosis during first trimester of pregnancy. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Gynecology and Obstetrics department of Shaikh Zaid Women Hospital, SMBBMU Larkana from 10-September-2018 to 10-march-2019. A total of 192 pregnant women of first trimester with bacterial vaginosis were selected for this study. All the pregnant ladies with bacterial vaginosis were recruited and entered in the study and was screened for vitamin D deficiency. The data were collected on prepared proforma. Results: The age range from 25 to 35 years with a mean of 29.8±6.5 years, with mean gestational age of 8.09 ±2.29 weeks. Frequency of vitamin D deficiency was 47.4% in women with bacterial vaginosis in their first trimester. Conclusions: Findings of our study suggest association between vitamin D insufficiencies with BV during first trimester of pregnancy.
{"title":"Frequency of Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Bacterial Vaginosis during First Trimester of Pregnancy","authors":"Shazia Baloach, Maria Arshad, Tahira Parveen, Aisha Seher, Farzana Sohail, Asifa Malhan, Adnan Fazal","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1055","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1055","url":null,"abstract":"Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an infection mainly results due to overabundance of germs. Because it affects a variety of immune system functions, it is crucial for BV. In order to timely assess, rationalize prospectively, and manage patients to combat vitamin D deficiency in bacterial vaginosis, this study planned to conduct on patients with bacterial vaginosis in relation to vitamin D deficiency, evaluate the magnitude, and generate local data. Objective: To determine the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in patients with bacterial vaginosis during first trimester of pregnancy. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Gynecology and Obstetrics department of Shaikh Zaid Women Hospital, SMBBMU Larkana from 10-September-2018 to 10-march-2019. A total of 192 pregnant women of first trimester with bacterial vaginosis were selected for this study. All the pregnant ladies with bacterial vaginosis were recruited and entered in the study and was screened for vitamin D deficiency. The data were collected on prepared proforma. Results: The age range from 25 to 35 years with a mean of 29.8±6.5 years, with mean gestational age of 8.09 ±2.29 weeks. Frequency of vitamin D deficiency was 47.4% in women with bacterial vaginosis in their first trimester. Conclusions: Findings of our study suggest association between vitamin D insufficiencies with BV during first trimester of pregnancy.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"94 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135977907","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1088
Muhammad Ahmad Raza, Farwa Seemab Zafar, Muhammad Sabir, Laamia Altuf, Hajra Sultan, Syeda Hafiza Mehak Gillani
Mostly patients with neck pain, cold sweats, chest pain, high blood pressure and heart palpitations are assessed by sonography. Because major blood vessels supplying the brain and face through carotid arteries. Mostly, intima media thickness is one of the markers of atherosclerotic patient that is widely used. The aim of study is to find out stenosis with carotid arteries with the help of color Doppler scan. The data was included in literature review from several search engines. In this literature review, olny 20 articles were used for extraction of data related to topic statement. The current study looked sonographic assessment of carotid artery in atherosclerotic patients. It is concluded that Color Doppler ultrasound is a non-invasive and easier modality of choice for evaluating the patient with atherosclerosis, it helps in diagnosis of flow as well as prediction of carotid artery stenosis.
{"title":"Sonographic Assessment of Carotid Artery Stenosis in Atherosclerotic Patients by Color Doppler Ultrasound","authors":"Muhammad Ahmad Raza, Farwa Seemab Zafar, Muhammad Sabir, Laamia Altuf, Hajra Sultan, Syeda Hafiza Mehak Gillani","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1088","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1088","url":null,"abstract":"Mostly patients with neck pain, cold sweats, chest pain, high blood pressure and heart palpitations are assessed by sonography. Because major blood vessels supplying the brain and face through carotid arteries. Mostly, intima media thickness is one of the markers of atherosclerotic patient that is widely used. The aim of study is to find out stenosis with carotid arteries with the help of color Doppler scan. The data was included in literature review from several search engines. In this literature review, olny 20 articles were used for extraction of data related to topic statement. The current study looked sonographic assessment of carotid artery in atherosclerotic patients. It is concluded that Color Doppler ultrasound is a non-invasive and easier modality of choice for evaluating the patient with atherosclerosis, it helps in diagnosis of flow as well as prediction of carotid artery stenosis.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"1 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135978247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Bipolar Disorder (BP) is a psychiatric disorder that causes severe mood swings. As the leading cause of cognitive impairment, it affects many people worldwide. This study examines public awareness and attitudes towards bipolar disorder BP in Punjab, Pakistan, highlighting a literature gap. Non-professional community views and stigmatization of BP are examined in the specified region of Pakistan. Objective: To understand risk aspects to create a supportive environment for BP patients and informing future awareness and education efforts. Methods: This study used a validated questionnaire that included sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, degree of education, and employment status. The questionnaire was based on general, medical, and social categories. Responses for all sections were either "Agree," "Disagree," or "Do not know." These answers were assessed using computing language 1 = Agree, 0 = Disagree, and 2 = Do not Know. Python was used for data analysis in this study. Results: The study found that despite some awareness, there were significant misconceptions and negative attitudes toward those living with the disorder. Overall, the study states a low level of awareness regarding bipolar disorder among the surveyed population, with only around 48% having high awareness and positive attitudes toward bipolar disorder sufferers. Conclusions: Current research findings significantly affect Pakistan’s mental health policy and education. Improving public understanding and reducing stigma surrounding mental health issues is crucial for ensuring that those with bipolar disorder and other mental health conditions can access the care and support they need.
{"title":"Investigating Public Awareness and Attitudes towards People with Bipolar Disorder in Punjab, Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study","authors":"Muzamal Hussain, Obaid Ullah, Nazia Kanwal, Hareem Mohsin, Nimra Hanif, Sadia Zakir, Maleeha Manzoor, Laiba Zahid","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1081","url":null,"abstract":"Bipolar Disorder (BP) is a psychiatric disorder that causes severe mood swings. As the leading cause of cognitive impairment, it affects many people worldwide. This study examines public awareness and attitudes towards bipolar disorder BP in Punjab, Pakistan, highlighting a literature gap. Non-professional community views and stigmatization of BP are examined in the specified region of Pakistan. Objective: To understand risk aspects to create a supportive environment for BP patients and informing future awareness and education efforts. Methods: This study used a validated questionnaire that included sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, degree of education, and employment status. The questionnaire was based on general, medical, and social categories. Responses for all sections were either \"Agree,\" \"Disagree,\" or \"Do not know.\" These answers were assessed using computing language 1 = Agree, 0 = Disagree, and 2 = Do not Know. Python was used for data analysis in this study. Results: The study found that despite some awareness, there were significant misconceptions and negative attitudes toward those living with the disorder. Overall, the study states a low level of awareness regarding bipolar disorder among the surveyed population, with only around 48% having high awareness and positive attitudes toward bipolar disorder sufferers. Conclusions: Current research findings significantly affect Pakistan’s mental health policy and education. Improving public understanding and reducing stigma surrounding mental health issues is crucial for ensuring that those with bipolar disorder and other mental health conditions can access the care and support they need.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135978251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1009
Bushra Akram, Hafiz Shafique Ahmad, Muhammad Tahsin Akhtar, Ahmad Bilal, Khizra Iqbal
One of the main treatments for people with end-stage renal illness is hemodialysis. In managing patients with hemodialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease, quality of life is crucial. Objective: To determine duration of hemodialysis and its impact on Quality of Life. Methods: A descriptive, correlational research design was used to investigate the quality-of-life patients with hemodialysis. Purposive sampling technique was used in selection of the participants. This study was conducted at the Nishtar Hospital's Renal Dialysis Unit, a teaching hospital affiliated with Nishtar Medical University, Multan. The sample consisted of 50 patients (Male-32, Female-18) on Hemodialysis. World Health Organization Quality of Life BREF (WHOQOL, BREF) Urdu version was administered to assess the quality of life due to hemodialysis treatment. Results: Results showed that out of 50 subjects, majority of patients 32 (64%) were Male, 17 (34%) were about 31-40 years age group, 11(22%) were on hemodialysis treatment from 5 years. In quality of life, 38.2% patient’s physical domain more affected in 2 years of hemodialysis, 31.4% were affected in psychological domain in less than 03 months, 23.4% affected in social domain after 5 years of dialysis and 39% environmental domain disturbed in 4 years of dialysis. Conclusions: It was concluded that Hemodialysis strong effect on quality of life of the patients and its duration and prolonged hemodialysis also impact on patients’ social relationships, psychological domain, physical health and environment domain.
{"title":"Duration of Hemodialysis and its Impact on Quality of Life","authors":"Bushra Akram, Hafiz Shafique Ahmad, Muhammad Tahsin Akhtar, Ahmad Bilal, Khizra Iqbal","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1009","url":null,"abstract":"One of the main treatments for people with end-stage renal illness is hemodialysis. In managing patients with hemodialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease, quality of life is crucial. Objective: To determine duration of hemodialysis and its impact on Quality of Life. Methods: A descriptive, correlational research design was used to investigate the quality-of-life patients with hemodialysis. Purposive sampling technique was used in selection of the participants. This study was conducted at the Nishtar Hospital's Renal Dialysis Unit, a teaching hospital affiliated with Nishtar Medical University, Multan. The sample consisted of 50 patients (Male-32, Female-18) on Hemodialysis. World Health Organization Quality of Life BREF (WHOQOL, BREF) Urdu version was administered to assess the quality of life due to hemodialysis treatment. Results: Results showed that out of 50 subjects, majority of patients 32 (64%) were Male, 17 (34%) were about 31-40 years age group, 11(22%) were on hemodialysis treatment from 5 years. In quality of life, 38.2% patient’s physical domain more affected in 2 years of hemodialysis, 31.4% were affected in psychological domain in less than 03 months, 23.4% affected in social domain after 5 years of dialysis and 39% environmental domain disturbed in 4 years of dialysis. Conclusions: It was concluded that Hemodialysis strong effect on quality of life of the patients and its duration and prolonged hemodialysis also impact on patients’ social relationships, psychological domain, physical health and environment domain.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"157 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135977511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1102
Roofen Julious, Hajra Sarwar, Muhammad Afzal, Zunaira Aziz
Hip fractures are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among the elderly population, often requiring surgical intervention to restore mobility and independence. Following hip fracture surgery, the assessment of self-care abilities becomes crucial as it directly impacts the overall recovery of these patients. Objective: To assess the self-care abilities and associated factors among elderly patients after hip fracture surgery. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Mayo Hospital Lahore to assess self-care abilities among elderly patients who had undergone hip fracture surgery. 150 patients were selected using a simple random sampling technique. A self-developed questionnaire with a content validity of 0.88 and reliability of 0.674 was used for data collection. Results: Most of the participants were female 53.3%, almost 45.3%, within the age of 61 to 65 years and 38% had received education up to middle school level. Furthermore, 65.3% of the participants were married. In terms of self-care ability, 58.7% of the participants demonstrated a moderately adequate level of self-care. The findings of this study indicate that increasing age, lack of formal education, and being married are factors associated with a decrease in self-care ability, with a significance level of p<0.05. Conclusions: The findings indicate that the participants have moderate adequacy in terms of their self-care abilities. These results emphasize the significance of addressing self-care needs not only during the surgery period but also in the post-operative phase, particularly when individuals experience self-care deficit.
{"title":"Assessment of Self-Care Abilities and Associated Factors among Elderly Patients after Hip Fracture Surgery","authors":"Roofen Julious, Hajra Sarwar, Muhammad Afzal, Zunaira Aziz","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1102","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1102","url":null,"abstract":"Hip fractures are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among the elderly population, often requiring surgical intervention to restore mobility and independence. Following hip fracture surgery, the assessment of self-care abilities becomes crucial as it directly impacts the overall recovery of these patients. Objective: To assess the self-care abilities and associated factors among elderly patients after hip fracture surgery. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Mayo Hospital Lahore to assess self-care abilities among elderly patients who had undergone hip fracture surgery. 150 patients were selected using a simple random sampling technique. A self-developed questionnaire with a content validity of 0.88 and reliability of 0.674 was used for data collection. Results: Most of the participants were female 53.3%, almost 45.3%, within the age of 61 to 65 years and 38% had received education up to middle school level. Furthermore, 65.3% of the participants were married. In terms of self-care ability, 58.7% of the participants demonstrated a moderately adequate level of self-care. The findings of this study indicate that increasing age, lack of formal education, and being married are factors associated with a decrease in self-care ability, with a significance level of p<0.05. Conclusions: The findings indicate that the participants have moderate adequacy in terms of their self-care abilities. These results emphasize the significance of addressing self-care needs not only during the surgery period but also in the post-operative phase, particularly when individuals experience self-care deficit.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"94 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135978056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-31DOI: 10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1120
Shela Akbar, Hina Khan, Abdul Qadir
In the realm of cancer diagnosis and treatment, immuno-histochemical staining has become a pivotal tool for discerning molecular markers within tissue samples. Objective: To comprehensively compare different heat-induced antigen retrieval methods for evaluating estrogen receptor (ER) expression in female invasive breast carcinoma of no special type. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed utilizing 250 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from confirmed cases of invasive breast carcinoma. The study was conducted within Histopathology Department in CMH Peshawar. The study spanned from January 6, 2022 to June 30, 2023. Three heat-induced antigen retrieval methods were evaluated: conventional microwave-based retrieval, pressure cooking retrieval, and water bath heating. ER expression was assessed through immune-histo-chemical staining, and scores were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. A post hoc Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test was conducted to identify which specific retrieval methods exhibited significant differences in ER expression scores. Results: The pressure-cooking retrieval method exhibited significantly higher mean ER expression scores (7.52) compared to the conventional microwave-based (6.87) and water bath heating methods (6.65). Post hoc analysis confirmed the substantial differences. Standard deviations and interquartile ranges were consistent with each method. Conclusions: The study underscores the pivotal role of retrieval techniques in accurate ER expression assessment in female invasive breast carcinoma of no special type. The pressure cooking method emerges as a potent enhancer of ER expression, advocating for standardized protocols to ensure consistent diagnostic outcomes and informed therapeutic decisions. Despite limitations, this research contributes to the refinement of patient care in the management of invasive breast carcinoma.
{"title":"Comparing Heat-Induced Antigen Retrieval Methods for ER Expression in Invasive Breast Carcinoma","authors":"Shela Akbar, Hina Khan, Abdul Qadir","doi":"10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1120","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1120","url":null,"abstract":"In the realm of cancer diagnosis and treatment, immuno-histochemical staining has become a pivotal tool for discerning molecular markers within tissue samples. Objective: To comprehensively compare different heat-induced antigen retrieval methods for evaluating estrogen receptor (ER) expression in female invasive breast carcinoma of no special type. Methods: A cross-sectional design was employed utilizing 250 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from confirmed cases of invasive breast carcinoma. The study was conducted within Histopathology Department in CMH Peshawar. The study spanned from January 6, 2022 to June 30, 2023. Three heat-induced antigen retrieval methods were evaluated: conventional microwave-based retrieval, pressure cooking retrieval, and water bath heating. ER expression was assessed through immune-histo-chemical staining, and scores were analyzed using descriptive statistics and ANOVA. A post hoc Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test was conducted to identify which specific retrieval methods exhibited significant differences in ER expression scores. Results: The pressure-cooking retrieval method exhibited significantly higher mean ER expression scores (7.52) compared to the conventional microwave-based (6.87) and water bath heating methods (6.65). Post hoc analysis confirmed the substantial differences. Standard deviations and interquartile ranges were consistent with each method. Conclusions: The study underscores the pivotal role of retrieval techniques in accurate ER expression assessment in female invasive breast carcinoma of no special type. The pressure cooking method emerges as a potent enhancer of ER expression, advocating for standardized protocols to ensure consistent diagnostic outcomes and informed therapeutic decisions. Despite limitations, this research contributes to the refinement of patient care in the management of invasive breast carcinoma.","PeriodicalId":45690,"journal":{"name":"Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135978063","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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