Amandeep Gill, Pushpendra Singh, Jalpa H. Jobanputra, M. Kolhe
System islanding, relay tripping, and reverse power flow-like issues in the distribution network are all caused by randomly placed distributed energy resources. To minimize such problems, distributed energy resource (DER) optimal placement in the radial distribution network (RDN) is essential to reduce power loss and enhance the voltage profile. When placing DERs, consideration of constraints like size, location, number, type, and power factor (PF) should be considered. For optimal placement, renewable and nonrenewable DERs are considered. The effects of different types and PFs of DER placements have been tested on the IEEE 33 bus RDN to satisfy all limitations. Using various intelligent techniques, distributed energy resource units of optimal type, PF, size, quantity, and position were placed in the IEEE 33 bus RDN. These intelligent strategies for minimizing power loss, enhancing the voltage profile, and increasing the convergence rate are based on an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, a genetic algorithm, and enhanced particle swarm optimization.
{"title":"Placement analysis of combined renewable and conventional distributed energy resources within a radial distribution network","authors":"Amandeep Gill, Pushpendra Singh, Jalpa H. Jobanputra, M. Kolhe","doi":"10.3934/energy.2022057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/energy.2022057","url":null,"abstract":"System islanding, relay tripping, and reverse power flow-like issues in the distribution network are all caused by randomly placed distributed energy resources. To minimize such problems, distributed energy resource (DER) optimal placement in the radial distribution network (RDN) is essential to reduce power loss and enhance the voltage profile. When placing DERs, consideration of constraints like size, location, number, type, and power factor (PF) should be considered. For optimal placement, renewable and nonrenewable DERs are considered. The effects of different types and PFs of DER placements have been tested on the IEEE 33 bus RDN to satisfy all limitations. Using various intelligent techniques, distributed energy resource units of optimal type, PF, size, quantity, and position were placed in the IEEE 33 bus RDN. These intelligent strategies for minimizing power loss, enhancing the voltage profile, and increasing the convergence rate are based on an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system, a genetic algorithm, and enhanced particle swarm optimization.","PeriodicalId":45696,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70229751","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Bertoncini, A. Boggio, Federico Dell’Anna, C. Becchio, M. Bottero
A resilient, diversified, and efficient energy system, comprising multiple energy carriers and high-efficiency infrastructure, is the way to decarbonise the European economy in line with the Paris Agreement, the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and the various recovery plans after the COVID-19 pandemic period. To achieve these goals, a key role is played by the private construction sector, which can reduce economic and environmental impacts and accelerate the green transition. Nevertheless, while traditionally decision-making problems in large urban transformations were supported by economic assessment based on Life Cycle Thinking and Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) approaches, these are now obsolete. Indeed, the sustainable neighbourhood paradigm requires the assessment of different aspects, considering both economic and extra-economic criteria, as well as different points of view, involving all stakeholders. In this context, the paper proposes a multi-stage assessment procedure that first investigates the energy performance, through a dynamic simulation model, and then the socio-economic performance of regeneration operations at the neighbourhood scale, through a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). The model based on the proposed Preference Ranking Organisation Method for Enrichment Evaluations II (PROMETHEE II) aims to support local decision makers (DMs) in choosing which retrofit operations to implement and finance. The methodology was applied to a real-world case study in Turin (Italy), where various sustainable measures were ranked using multiple criteria to determine the best transformation scenario.
{"title":"An application of the PROMETHEE II method for the comparison of energy requalification strategies to design Post-Carbon Cities","authors":"M. Bertoncini, A. Boggio, Federico Dell’Anna, C. Becchio, M. Bottero","doi":"10.3934/energy.2022028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/energy.2022028","url":null,"abstract":"A resilient, diversified, and efficient energy system, comprising multiple energy carriers and high-efficiency infrastructure, is the way to decarbonise the European economy in line with the Paris Agreement, the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, and the various recovery plans after the COVID-19 pandemic period. To achieve these goals, a key role is played by the private construction sector, which can reduce economic and environmental impacts and accelerate the green transition. Nevertheless, while traditionally decision-making problems in large urban transformations were supported by economic assessment based on Life Cycle Thinking and Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) approaches, these are now obsolete. Indeed, the sustainable neighbourhood paradigm requires the assessment of different aspects, considering both economic and extra-economic criteria, as well as different points of view, involving all stakeholders. In this context, the paper proposes a multi-stage assessment procedure that first investigates the energy performance, through a dynamic simulation model, and then the socio-economic performance of regeneration operations at the neighbourhood scale, through a Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA). The model based on the proposed Preference Ranking Organisation Method for Enrichment Evaluations II (PROMETHEE II) aims to support local decision makers (DMs) in choosing which retrofit operations to implement and finance. The methodology was applied to a real-world case study in Turin (Italy), where various sustainable measures were ranked using multiple criteria to determine the best transformation scenario.","PeriodicalId":45696,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70226297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
High-income countries have experienced rapid economic growth, urbanization, consumption of renewable and non-renewable energy, increased trade dependency, and the attainment and maintenance of higher living standards over the last four decades, while also experiencing an increasing trend in environmental degradation. These experiences have fueled our desire to learn more about the factors that influence the ecological footprint and carbon footprint of high-income countries. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of natural resources, urbanization, GDP per capita, population, and fossil fuels on ecological and carbon footprint for 34 high-income countries over the period 2003–2015. Using the STIRPAT model, the results confirm the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in the case of total ecological footprint while the link between economic growth and carbon footprint is in U-shape. In terms of total ecological footprint determinants, population reduction as well as efficient urban design, are viable solutions. The findings support the positive and statistically significant influence of population, urbanization, and fossil fuels on total ecological footprint, as well as the negative impact of ecological efficiency. The findings of the carbon footprint suggest that reduction in coal and oil consumption, as well as increasing the use of gas as a source of energy, are all viable choices to mitigate carbon footprint. Furthermore, increasing ecological efficiency could be a viable policy option for reducing high-income countries' footprints.
{"title":"Investigating the determinants of ecological and carbon footprints. Evidence from high-income countries","authors":"Hazrat Yousaf, Azka Amin, W. Ameer, M. Akbar","doi":"10.3934/energy.2022037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/energy.2022037","url":null,"abstract":"High-income countries have experienced rapid economic growth, urbanization, consumption of renewable and non-renewable energy, increased trade dependency, and the attainment and maintenance of higher living standards over the last four decades, while also experiencing an increasing trend in environmental degradation. These experiences have fueled our desire to learn more about the factors that influence the ecological footprint and carbon footprint of high-income countries. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effects of natural resources, urbanization, GDP per capita, population, and fossil fuels on ecological and carbon footprint for 34 high-income countries over the period 2003–2015. Using the STIRPAT model, the results confirm the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in the case of total ecological footprint while the link between economic growth and carbon footprint is in U-shape. In terms of total ecological footprint determinants, population reduction as well as efficient urban design, are viable solutions. The findings support the positive and statistically significant influence of population, urbanization, and fossil fuels on total ecological footprint, as well as the negative impact of ecological efficiency. The findings of the carbon footprint suggest that reduction in coal and oil consumption, as well as increasing the use of gas as a source of energy, are all viable choices to mitigate carbon footprint. Furthermore, increasing ecological efficiency could be a viable policy option for reducing high-income countries' footprints.","PeriodicalId":45696,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70226496","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Aurora Martínez-Corral, J. Cárcel-Carrasco, Jangveer Kaur, Fabiola Colmenero Fonseca
The construction of protected housing in Spain during the period analysed (1939–1989) reached its maximum between 1950–1980 with the construction of almost three million homes per year. The analysis of the homes built for railroad workers from this housing stock is distinct for four main reasons: it is a housing stock with a representative number of homes in relation to the total of social housing built in Spain, which is still mostly in use and covers all the typologies used in the country and which is dispersed throughout it. Thus, for the present analysis, there is a sample that is adequately representative of the whole stock of social housing constructed in Spain, this sample enables a comparative global analysis that can be extrapolated to the remaining stock. The objective of this study is to analyse the energy efficiency of homes through the thermal analysis of the envelope, as well as to acknowledge the specific constructive limitations of these homes and if possible, their rehabilitation that guarantees compliance with the required standards regarding sustainability and energy efficiency set by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) established in the 2030 Agenda. This is a crucial goal to achieve, as the Spanish building stock currently consumes 30% of the total energy consumed, in addition to the socioeconomic profile and the potential for energy poverty, there is a portion of social housing with a precarious construction lacking the heating facilities, which is required due to the weather, with a significant potential for savings and the incorporation of renewable energies.
{"title":"Analysis of thermal insulation in social housing in Spain (1939–1989) and its possible adaptation to the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)","authors":"Aurora Martínez-Corral, J. Cárcel-Carrasco, Jangveer Kaur, Fabiola Colmenero Fonseca","doi":"10.3934/energy.2022056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/energy.2022056","url":null,"abstract":"The construction of protected housing in Spain during the period analysed (1939–1989) reached its maximum between 1950–1980 with the construction of almost three million homes per year. The analysis of the homes built for railroad workers from this housing stock is distinct for four main reasons: it is a housing stock with a representative number of homes in relation to the total of social housing built in Spain, which is still mostly in use and covers all the typologies used in the country and which is dispersed throughout it. Thus, for the present analysis, there is a sample that is adequately representative of the whole stock of social housing constructed in Spain, this sample enables a comparative global analysis that can be extrapolated to the remaining stock. The objective of this study is to analyse the energy efficiency of homes through the thermal analysis of the envelope, as well as to acknowledge the specific constructive limitations of these homes and if possible, their rehabilitation that guarantees compliance with the required standards regarding sustainability and energy efficiency set by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) established in the 2030 Agenda. This is a crucial goal to achieve, as the Spanish building stock currently consumes 30% of the total energy consumed, in addition to the socioeconomic profile and the potential for energy poverty, there is a portion of social housing with a precarious construction lacking the heating facilities, which is required due to the weather, with a significant potential for savings and the incorporation of renewable energies.","PeriodicalId":45696,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70229684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Al-Rubaye, Ahmed Al-Samari, Saad T. Faris, S. A. Hafedh
Iraq encounters climatic challenges that lead to severe rainfall shortages and compound the regional challenges that lead to reduced rates of supplying rivers. In this research, the proposed design helps obtain pure water from polluted or saline water t lower, more competitive costs that can supply nearly 80% of the Iraqi markets. The system harvests 2 L/day of pure water by adding 5 liters of saline water, a 209% daily improvement. The system consists of 1.125 m2 of double slope single basin solar still with a tilt angle of 30°, pipes, and measurement instrumentation. Maximum inside temperature, humidity, valuable energy, and efficiency have 77 ℃, 35%, 4.02 W/m2, and 76%, respectively. System analysis results demonstrated that the average water condensation rate per square meter is about 0.4 L/hr. Finally, the rate of pure water harvesting from this desalination system, per square meter, is about 0.282 L/m2 per day when the average intensity of solar radiation reaches 165 W/m2. Two scenarios have been suggested for the experiment. The first scenario tests the system by limiting two water levels, the first at 0.75 cm and the second at 3 cm. The second scenario includes the same design with a black cloth set in the basin demonstrates the most promising data. A wet pad regularly cools down one side of the glass to increase the water vapor condensation and production quantity by 173% to enhancing water production significantly.
{"title":"Experimental investigation of improving the solar desalination system for domestic buildings: Iraq as a case of study","authors":"L. Al-Rubaye, Ahmed Al-Samari, Saad T. Faris, S. A. Hafedh","doi":"10.3934/energy.2022051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/energy.2022051","url":null,"abstract":"Iraq encounters climatic challenges that lead to severe rainfall shortages and compound the regional challenges that lead to reduced rates of supplying rivers. In this research, the proposed design helps obtain pure water from polluted or saline water t lower, more competitive costs that can supply nearly 80% of the Iraqi markets. The system harvests 2 L/day of pure water by adding 5 liters of saline water, a 209% daily improvement. The system consists of 1.125 m2 of double slope single basin solar still with a tilt angle of 30°, pipes, and measurement instrumentation. Maximum inside temperature, humidity, valuable energy, and efficiency have 77 ℃, 35%, 4.02 W/m2, and 76%, respectively. System analysis results demonstrated that the average water condensation rate per square meter is about 0.4 L/hr. Finally, the rate of pure water harvesting from this desalination system, per square meter, is about 0.282 L/m2 per day when the average intensity of solar radiation reaches 165 W/m2. Two scenarios have been suggested for the experiment. The first scenario tests the system by limiting two water levels, the first at 0.75 cm and the second at 3 cm. The second scenario includes the same design with a black cloth set in the basin demonstrates the most promising data. A wet pad regularly cools down one side of the glass to increase the water vapor condensation and production quantity by 173% to enhancing water production significantly.","PeriodicalId":45696,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70230000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This is an experimental study that investigates the performance of a hybrid wind-solar street lighting system and its cost of energy. The site local design conditions of solar irradiation and wind velocity were employed in the design of the system components. HOMER software was also used to determine the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and energy performance indices, which provides an assessment of the system's economic feasibility. The hybrid power supply system comprised of an integrated two photovoltaic (PV) solar modules and a combined Banki-Darrieus wind turbines. The second PV module was used to extend the battery storage for longer runtime, and the Banki-Darrieus wind turbines were used also to boost the battery charge for times when there is wind but no sunshine, especially in winter and at night. The results indicated that the hybrid system proved to be operating successfully to supply power for a street LED light of 30 watts. A wind power of 113 W was reached for a maximum wind speed that was recorded in the year 2021 of 12.10 m/s. The efficiency of the combined Banki-Darrieus wind turbine is 56.64%. In addition, based on the HOMER optimization analysis of three scenarios, of which, using either a solar PV system or the combined wind turbines each alone, or using the hybrid wind-solar system. The software results showed that the hybrid wind-solar system is the most economically feasible case.
{"title":"Design of a hybrid wind-solar street lighting system to power LED lights on highway poles","authors":"Nadwan Majeed Ali, H. Ammari","doi":"10.3934/energy.2022010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/energy.2022010","url":null,"abstract":"This is an experimental study that investigates the performance of a hybrid wind-solar street lighting system and its cost of energy. The site local design conditions of solar irradiation and wind velocity were employed in the design of the system components. HOMER software was also used to determine the Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) and energy performance indices, which provides an assessment of the system's economic feasibility. The hybrid power supply system comprised of an integrated two photovoltaic (PV) solar modules and a combined Banki-Darrieus wind turbines. The second PV module was used to extend the battery storage for longer runtime, and the Banki-Darrieus wind turbines were used also to boost the battery charge for times when there is wind but no sunshine, especially in winter and at night. The results indicated that the hybrid system proved to be operating successfully to supply power for a street LED light of 30 watts. A wind power of 113 W was reached for a maximum wind speed that was recorded in the year 2021 of 12.10 m/s. The efficiency of the combined Banki-Darrieus wind turbine is 56.64%. In addition, based on the HOMER optimization analysis of three scenarios, of which, using either a solar PV system or the combined wind turbines each alone, or using the hybrid wind-solar system. The software results showed that the hybrid wind-solar system is the most economically feasible case.","PeriodicalId":45696,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70226211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdulrahman J. Babqi, Nasimullah, A. Althobaiti, H. Alkhammash, A. Ibeas
This paper investigates the performance of the current model predictive control (CMPC) for controlling a two-stage transformerless grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system under grid fault conditions. A maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller was used to extract the maximum power of the PV panel. To stabilize the DC link and generate the reference current values, a proportional-integral (PI) controller was used. The CMPC strategy was implemented to control the output current of the inverter that connects the PV system to the utility grid. The system and control strategy were simulated via a MATLAB/Simulink environment. The performance of the proposed control strategy was investigated under fault conditions between the three-phase two-level inverter and the grid. Moreover, to validate the capability of the CMPC, comparative case studies were conducted between CMPC, PI, and sliding mode control (SMC) under grid fault. Case studies' results showed that under grid fault, CMPC did not introduce any overshoot or undershoot in the PV output DC current and power. However, PI and SMC produced undershoots of almost 15 kW for the output power and 45 A for the output current. Under the fault conditions, the active output power and three-phase current recovery time of the inverter was 50 ms using CMPC, compared to PI and SMC with recovery times of 80 ms and 60 ms, respectively. Moreover, a voltage dip of 75 V at the DC link voltage was recorded with CMPC under faulty conditions, while the voltage dips for PI and SMC were around 180 V.
{"title":"Current model predictive fault-tolerant control for grid-connected photovoltaic system","authors":"Abdulrahman J. Babqi, Nasimullah, A. Althobaiti, H. Alkhammash, A. Ibeas","doi":"10.3934/energy.2022015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/energy.2022015","url":null,"abstract":"This paper investigates the performance of the current model predictive control (CMPC) for controlling a two-stage transformerless grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) system under grid fault conditions. A maximum power point tracking (MPPT) controller was used to extract the maximum power of the PV panel. To stabilize the DC link and generate the reference current values, a proportional-integral (PI) controller was used. The CMPC strategy was implemented to control the output current of the inverter that connects the PV system to the utility grid. The system and control strategy were simulated via a MATLAB/Simulink environment. The performance of the proposed control strategy was investigated under fault conditions between the three-phase two-level inverter and the grid. Moreover, to validate the capability of the CMPC, comparative case studies were conducted between CMPC, PI, and sliding mode control (SMC) under grid fault. Case studies' results showed that under grid fault, CMPC did not introduce any overshoot or undershoot in the PV output DC current and power. However, PI and SMC produced undershoots of almost 15 kW for the output power and 45 A for the output current. Under the fault conditions, the active output power and three-phase current recovery time of the inverter was 50 ms using CMPC, compared to PI and SMC with recovery times of 80 ms and 60 ms, respectively. Moreover, a voltage dip of 75 V at the DC link voltage was recorded with CMPC under faulty conditions, while the voltage dips for PI and SMC were around 180 V.","PeriodicalId":45696,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70226362","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdellateef Khalifa Hamid Ali, Ahmed Qassem Mohammed, Q. Mahdi
Cooling towers have such a significant influence on work and efficiency that researchers and designers are working tirelessly to enhance their performance. A prototype design for a natural draft hybrid (wet/dry) cooling tower has been created, relying on geometrical, dynamic, and thermodynamic similarities. Based on Iraqi weather, experiments have been conducted using splash fill (150 mm) in summer (hot and dry) weather conditions. This study investigated heat transfer mechanisms of both air and water in a natural draft hybrid cooling tower model(NDHCTs), both directly (wet section) and indirectly (dry section). The tower is filled with splash-style packing, and the warm water is spread throughout the building using sprayer nozzles. The influences of water flow rates, fill thickness, and air velocity on the cooling range, approach, cooling capacity, thermal efficiency of the cooling tower, water evaporation loss into the air stream and water loss percentage were explored in this study. The experimental were carried out with four different water flow rates, ranging from 7.5 to 12 (Lpm) litres per minute, and eight different air velocities, all while keeping a constant inlet water temperature and a zero (m/s) crosswind. Data has been gathered, and performance variables have been determined. The findings demonstrate that the cooling tower's efficacy increases when the water flow rate is low, and the cooling range increases with increasing air velocity and decreases with increasing water flow rate; for a 7.5 Lpm water flow rate and a 2.4 m/s air velocity, it expanded to 19.5 ℃. The cooling capacity increased to 23.2 kW for a water flow rate of 12 Lpm and an air velocity of 2.4 m/s.
{"title":"Experimental study of a natural draft hybrid (wet/dry) cooling tower with a splash fill type","authors":"Abdellateef Khalifa Hamid Ali, Ahmed Qassem Mohammed, Q. Mahdi","doi":"10.3934/energy.2022031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/energy.2022031","url":null,"abstract":"Cooling towers have such a significant influence on work and efficiency that researchers and designers are working tirelessly to enhance their performance. A prototype design for a natural draft hybrid (wet/dry) cooling tower has been created, relying on geometrical, dynamic, and thermodynamic similarities. Based on Iraqi weather, experiments have been conducted using splash fill (150 mm) in summer (hot and dry) weather conditions. This study investigated heat transfer mechanisms of both air and water in a natural draft hybrid cooling tower model(NDHCTs), both directly (wet section) and indirectly (dry section). The tower is filled with splash-style packing, and the warm water is spread throughout the building using sprayer nozzles. The influences of water flow rates, fill thickness, and air velocity on the cooling range, approach, cooling capacity, thermal efficiency of the cooling tower, water evaporation loss into the air stream and water loss percentage were explored in this study. The experimental were carried out with four different water flow rates, ranging from 7.5 to 12 (Lpm) litres per minute, and eight different air velocities, all while keeping a constant inlet water temperature and a zero (m/s) crosswind. Data has been gathered, and performance variables have been determined. The findings demonstrate that the cooling tower's efficacy increases when the water flow rate is low, and the cooling range increases with increasing air velocity and decreases with increasing water flow rate; for a 7.5 Lpm water flow rate and a 2.4 m/s air velocity, it expanded to 19.5 ℃. The cooling capacity increased to 23.2 kW for a water flow rate of 12 Lpm and an air velocity of 2.4 m/s.","PeriodicalId":45696,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70226375","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper analyzes the effect of meteorological variables such as solar irradiance and ambient temperature in addition to cultural factors such as consumer behavior levels on energy consumption in buildings. Reducing demand peaks to achieve a stable daily load and hence lowering electricity bills is the goal of this work. Renewable generation sources, including wind and Photovoltaics systems (PV) as well as battery storage are integrated to supply the managed home load. The simulation model was conducted using Matlab R2019b on a personal laptop with an Intel Core i7 with 16 GB memory. The model considered two seasonal scenarios (summer and winter) to account for the variable available energy sources and end-user electric demand which is classified into three demand periods, peak-demand, mid-demand, and low-demand, to evaluate the modeled supply-demand management strategy. The obtained results showed that the surrounding temperature and the number of family members significantly impact the rate of electricity consumption. The study was designed to optimize and manage electricity consumption in a building fed by a standalone hybrid energy system.
{"title":"Designing an energy management system for household consumptions with an off-grid hybrid power system","authors":"Mohamed Elweddad, M. Güneser, Z. Yusupov","doi":"10.3934/energy.2022036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/energy.2022036","url":null,"abstract":"This paper analyzes the effect of meteorological variables such as solar irradiance and ambient temperature in addition to cultural factors such as consumer behavior levels on energy consumption in buildings. Reducing demand peaks to achieve a stable daily load and hence lowering electricity bills is the goal of this work. Renewable generation sources, including wind and Photovoltaics systems (PV) as well as battery storage are integrated to supply the managed home load. The simulation model was conducted using Matlab R2019b on a personal laptop with an Intel Core i7 with 16 GB memory. The model considered two seasonal scenarios (summer and winter) to account for the variable available energy sources and end-user electric demand which is classified into three demand periods, peak-demand, mid-demand, and low-demand, to evaluate the modeled supply-demand management strategy. The obtained results showed that the surrounding temperature and the number of family members significantly impact the rate of electricity consumption. The study was designed to optimize and manage electricity consumption in a building fed by a standalone hybrid energy system.","PeriodicalId":45696,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70226483","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial to the 'Special Issue-Analyzing energy storage systems for the applications of renewable energy sources' of AIMS Energy","authors":"M. Assad, S. Hoseinzadeh","doi":"10.3934/energy.2022050","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3934/energy.2022050","url":null,"abstract":"<jats:p xml:lang=\"fr\" />","PeriodicalId":45696,"journal":{"name":"AIMS Energy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70229987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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