AIMS Energy最新文献

Inertia compensation of power grid with flywheel-integrated synchronous condenser 飞轮集成同步电容器对电网的惯性补偿

IF 1.8 Q2 Energy

AIMS Energy

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/energy.2023021

Parveen Tania, Sanjari Mohammad J., Arace Luke

This paper studies the integration of flywheel energy storage system (FESS) to a synchronous condenser (SC) and its effect on the stability margin of the power system. To show the applicability of FESS-integrated SC in mitigating sudden power loss and sudden load implementation, the experimental and simulation results are presented.

本文研究了飞轮储能系统(FESS)与同步冷凝器(SC)的集成及其对电力系统稳定裕度的影响。为了证明fess集成SC在减轻突然功率损耗和突然负载实现方面的适用性，给出了实验和仿真结果。

引用次数: 0

Activity and efficiency of the building sector in Morocco: A review of status and measures in Ifrane 摩洛哥建筑部门的活动和效率:审查法国的现状和措施

IF 1.8 Q2 Energy

AIMS Energy

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/energy.2023024

Hamza El Hafdaoui, A. Khallaayoun, K. Ouazzani

One-third of all greenhouse gas emissions come from the world's building stock while accounting for 40% of global energy use. There is no way to combat global warming or attain energy independence without addressing the inefficiency of the building sector. This sector is the second consumer of electricity after the industrial sector in Morocco and is ranked third emitter after the energy sector and transportation sector. Using Ifrane as a case study, this paper examines and reviews the city's energy use and the initiatives taken to improve building efficiency. The findings showed that, during the analyzed period, i.e., from 2014 to 2022, Ifrane's annual electricity consumption climbed steadily from 35 to 43 GWh. The government of Morocco has implemented effective laws, guidelines and regulations, as well as publicized ways to reduce energy consumption and increase energy efficiency. However, gathered data and survey results revealed opportunities and challenges for enhancing Ifrane's efficient energy use. The study also evaluates government programs, codes/standards and related actions for the improvement of household energy efficiency. As part of the review, the available literature was analyzed to assess the effectiveness of energy behavior and awareness, the impact of an economical and sustainable building envelope, the impact of building retrofitting programs, the importance of energy-performing devices and appliances, the adoption of smart home energy management systems, the integration of renewable energies for on-site clean energy generation and the role of policies and governance in the building sector in Ifrane. A benchmark evaluation and potential ideas are offered to guide energy policies and improve energy efficiency in Ifrane and other cities within the same climate zone.

全球三分之一的温室气体排放来自建筑，而建筑消耗的能源占全球能源消耗的40%。如果不解决建筑行业的低效率问题，就无法对抗全球变暖或实现能源独立。该部门是摩洛哥继工业部门之后的第二大电力消费部门，也是继能源部门和交通部门之后的第三大排放部门。本文以法国为例，考察和回顾了该市的能源使用情况以及为提高建筑效率所采取的措施。研究结果表明，在分析期间，即2014年至2022年，法国的年用电量从35吉瓦时稳步攀升至43吉瓦时。摩洛哥政府实施了有效的法律、指导方针和法规，并宣传了减少能源消耗和提高能源效率的方法。然而，收集的数据和调查结果揭示了提高法国能源利用效率的机遇和挑战。该研究还评估了提高家庭能源效率的政府项目、规范/标准和相关行动。作为回顾的一部分，对现有文献进行了分析，以评估能源行为和意识的有效性、经济和可持续建筑围护结构的影响、建筑改造计划的影响、节能设备和电器的重要性、智能家居能源管理系统的采用、可再生能源在现场清洁能源生产中的整合以及法国建筑部门政策和治理的作用。为指导能源政策和提高法国及同气候带其他城市的能源效率提供了一个基准评估和潜在的想法。

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引用次数: 8

Preliminary hydraulic fracturing campaign strategies for unconventional and tight reservoirs of UAE: Case studies and lessons learned 阿联酋非常规和致密储层的初步水力压裂作业策略:案例研究和经验教训

Q2 Energy

AIMS Energy

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/energy.2023050

Gehad M. Hegazy, Taha Yehia, Omar Mahmoud

The challenges associated with applying hydraulic fracturing (HF) technology to tight carbonate reservoirs with very low clay content are substantial and demand a unique cost optimization strategy, especially in the context of low oil prices. This study discusses the challenges of applying HF technology to such reservoirs in the UAE. The work presents a comprehensive approach to assess and employ this technology, including a thorough study, a strategic roadmap, screening procedures, a fracturing workflow and strategy and an examination of the distinctive challenges and lessons learned from the process. The primary goal is to formulate a strategy that is applicable to tight and unconventional formations in the UAE, with a strong emphasis on cost optimization. Also, the evaluation methods of the fracturing technologies for these reservoirs were discussed, such as creating valid geomechanical properties to construct a Mechanical Earth Model (MEM) for successful execution and evaluating the reservoir quality. The results showed that conventional acidizing is not effective in stimulating the tight carbonate reservoirs, whereas acid-fracturing has successfully broken down the formation. It was also found that strategic planning, equipment availability, geomechanical studies and building an effective MEM are necessary for obtaining the optimum fracturing design and achieving successful development.

& lt; abstract>将水力压裂(HF)技术应用于粘土含量极低的致密碳酸盐岩储层面临着巨大的挑战，需要一种独特的成本优化策略，尤其是在低油价的背景下。本研究讨论了在阿联酋将高频技术应用于此类油藏所面临的挑战。该工作提出了评估和应用该技术的综合方法，包括彻底的研究、战略路线图、筛选程序、压裂工作流程和策略，以及对独特挑战和从该过程中吸取的经验教训的研究。主要目标是制定适用于阿联酋致密地层和非常规地层的策略，重点是成本优化。讨论了压裂技术的评价方法，如建立有效的地质力学性质，建立成功实施的力学地球模型(MEM)，以及评价储层质量。结果表明，常规酸化对致密碳酸盐岩储层的增产效果不明显，而酸化压裂对储层的破坏效果较好。研究还发现，战略规划、设备可用性、地质力学研究和建立有效的MEM是获得最佳压裂设计和实现成功开发的必要条件。& lt; / abstract>

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引用次数: 0

Energy saving potential diagnosis for Moroccan university campuses 摩洛哥大学校园节能潜力的诊断

IF 1.8 Q2 Energy

AIMS Energy

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/energy.2023030

B. Ouhammou, F. Gargab, Samir El idrissi kaitouni, S. Smouh, Rachid El mrabet, M. Aggour, A. Jamil, T. Kousksou

Public buildings are energy-intensive users, especially when energy management is lacking. More than ever, the use of energy efficiency strategies and renewable energy sources (RES) in buildings are a national priority for Morocco in order to improve energy self-sufficiency, replace fossil fuel use and lower energy bills and greenhouse gas emissions. Relating to the exemplarity of the Moroccan government in terms of energy efficiency and sustainable development, the study support that aim and presents results of a deep energy performance analysis of more than 20 university campuses across Morocco, which has concluded that around 80% of the energy consumed in the university campuses is designated for lightning and hot water for sanitary use. Later, this study examined the potential for energy saving and the environmental benefits of implementing actions to reduce energy demand from the grid, considering the use of on-site solar energy. Thereafter, the study aimed to analyze the impact of RES integration in public university campuses, namely the photovoltaic (ESM1) for electricity output and solar thermal system for hot water use (ESM2), to assess the techno-economic-environmental performance on building energy consumption reduction. Hence, the paper reported a detailed energetic-economic and environmental (3E) analysis simulation for campuses by integration of the two Energy Saving Measurements (ESM). The results showed that the integration of ESM1 system can reduce the annual energy demand by 22% and the energy bill by 34%, whereas the integration of ESM2 achieved 67% in energy saving. According to the analysis of the results, the integration of ESM1 is expected to save 6044 MWh of electrical energy annually on the 30222 MWh for all campuses and 2559 MWh for ESM2 which is equivalent to 284 m3/yr of diesel. With the reduced energy consumption, it is possible to cut down fossil fuels for electricity production and offset greenhouse gas emissions by 672 tons of carbon dioxide annually. Besides, the evaluation of results showed that the energy performance indicator was reduced from 530 kWh/bed /yr to 248 kWh/bed/yr, which represents 56% of energy saving.

公共建筑是能源密集型用户，特别是在缺乏能源管理的情况下。为了提高能源自给自足，取代化石燃料的使用，降低能源费用和温室气体排放，在建筑物中使用能源效率战略和可再生能源(RES)比以往任何时候都更成为摩洛哥的国家优先事项。关于摩洛哥政府在能源效率和可持续发展方面的典范，该研究支持该目标，并提供了对摩洛哥20多所大学校园的深度能源绩效分析的结果，该分析得出的结论是，大学校园中约80%的能源消耗用于闪电和卫生热水。随后，本研究考察了考虑到使用现场太阳能，实施减少电网能源需求的行动的节能潜力和环境效益。随后，本研究旨在分析可再生能源整合在公立大学校园中的影响，即光伏发电(ESM1)和太阳能热系统(ESM2)用于发电和热水使用，以评估技术经济环境绩效对建筑能耗的降低。因此，本文通过整合两种节能措施(ESM)，对校园进行了详细的能量经济和环境(3E)分析模拟。结果表明，集成ESM1系统可使年能源需求降低22%，能源账单降低34%，而集成ESM2系统可实现67%的节能。根据结果分析，ESM1的整合预计在所有校区的30222 MWh和ESM2的2559 MWh的基础上，每年节省6044 MWh的电能，相当于284 m3/年的柴油。随着能源消耗的减少，可以减少用于发电的化石燃料，每年抵消672吨二氧化碳的温室气体排放。此外，评价结果表明，能源性能指标从530 kWh/bed/yr降低到248 kWh/bed/yr，节能56%。

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引用次数: 1

Smart grid systems infrastructures and distributed solar power generation in urban slums–A case study and energy policy in Rio de Janeiro 城市贫民窟的智能电网系统基础设施和分布式太阳能发电——巴西里约热内卢的案例研究和能源政策

IF 1.8 Q2 Energy

AIMS Energy

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/energy.2023025

Wesly Jean, A. B. Brasil Junior, Eugênia Cornils Monteiro da Silva

This article discusses the relationship between urban slums and the management of the urban infrastructure network (electrification). An extensive survey of the scientific literature on the subject points out the main challenges and possible solutions for fixing precarious electrical infrastructure in urban slums through the promotion of public policies and the establishment of new arrangements based on distributed generation technologies and smart grid. A dialogue was also developed involving topics such as sustainable development and electrification of slums; relationship between communities and modernization of electrification; and emerging and sustainable technologies in the context of urban slums. Thus, a design was constructed that triggered a discussion of the relationship between this work and several other works found in the literature. This research indicates the need to strengthen local governance and the participation of urban slums for the technological modernization of the local electrical network, mainly with the implementation of smart grid and photovoltaic generation systems.

本文探讨了城市贫民窟与城市基础设施网络(电气化)管理的关系。对这一主题的科学文献进行了广泛的调查，指出了通过促进公共政策和建立基于分布式发电技术和智能电网的新安排来修复城市贫民窟不稳定电力基础设施的主要挑战和可能的解决方案。还开展了涉及可持续发展和贫民窟电气化等主题的对话;社区与电气化现代化的关系以及新兴的可持续技术在城市贫民窟中的应用。因此，一个设计被构建，引发了关于这个作品和文献中发现的其他几个作品之间关系的讨论。这项研究表明，需要加强地方治理和城市贫民窟的参与，以实现地方电网的技术现代化，主要是通过实施智能电网和光伏发电系统。

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引用次数: 0

Performance evaluation of solar still integrated with thermoelectric heat pump system 太阳能仍能与热电热泵系统集成的性能评价

IF 1.8 Q2 Energy

AIMS Energy

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/energy.2023003

F. Alkilani, O. Nemraoui, F. Ismail

This research presents a method for improving a conventional solar still to produce potable water during adverse conditions where there is low or no solar radiation. Summer and winter conditions in the Western Cape province of South Africa were considered. A comparative experimental study was conducted between a conventional solar still and the developed solar still. The developed solar still incorporated a photovoltaic powered thermoelectric heat pump. The purpose of the thermoelectric (TE) heat pump was to accelerate convection inside the developed solar still assembly. The coefficient of performance (COP) of the thermoelectric heat pump installed in the developed solar still ranged from 0.4 to 1.9 at an input current of 5 A. The results indicated that the developed solar still was able to produce 2300 mL per day of drinkable water during a good day in the winter, but the conventional solar still was only able to produce 650 mL per day. The developed solar still produced 2180 mL per day, whereas the ordinary solar still produced 1050 mL per day, during a mild summer day. The developed still had an accumulated water production of 1180 mL during a night with mild temperatures. This significant improvement in yield of the developed solar still system is due to the change in temperature difference between the glazing and the water surface within the developed solar still. This is a significant contribution to the technology of solar water purification.

本研究提出了一种改进传统太阳能蒸馏器的方法，以在太阳辐射低或无太阳辐射的不利条件下生产饮用水。考虑了南非西开普省夏季和冬季的情况。对传统的太阳能蒸馏器与研制的太阳能蒸馏器进行了对比试验研究。开发的太阳能仍然包括一个光伏供电的热电热泵。热电热泵(TE)的目的是加速太阳能蒸馏器组件内部的对流。在输入电流为5a时，安装在已开发太阳能中的热电热泵的性能系数(COP)仍然在0.4 ~ 1.9之间。结果表明，在冬季天气好的时候，开发的太阳能蒸馏器每天可以生产2300毫升饮用水，而传统的太阳能蒸馏器每天只能生产650毫升饮用水。在温和的夏季，先进的太阳能电池板每天仍能产生2180毫升，而普通太阳能电池板每天仍能产生1050毫升。在温和的温度下，开发的蒸馏器在夜间累积产水量为1180 mL。发达的太阳能蒸馏器系统产量的显著提高是由于发达的太阳能蒸馏器内玻璃和水面之间温差的变化。这是对太阳能水净化技术的重大贡献。

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引用次数: 0

Contribution of a power multivector to distorting load identification 功率多向量对畸变负荷识别的贡献

IF 1.8 Q2 Energy

AIMS Energy

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/energy.2023015

Anthoula Menti, D. Barkas, P. Pachos, C. Psomopoulos

The identification of harmonic generating loads and the assignation of responsibility for harmonic pollution is an important first step for harmonic control in modern power systems. In this paper, a previously introduced power multivector is examined as a possible tool for the identification of such loads. This representation of power is based on the mathematical framework of Geometric Algebra (GA). Components of the power multivector derived at the point of connection of a load are grouped into a single quantity, which is a bivector in GA and is characterized by a magnitude, direction and sense. The magnitude of this bivector can serve as an indicator of the distortion at the terminals of the load. Furthermore, in contrast to indices based solely on magnitude, such as components derived from any apparent power equation, the proposed bivectorial representation can differentiate between loads that enhance distortion and those with a mitigating effect. Its conservative nature permits an association between the distortion at specific load terminals and the common point of connection. When several loads connected along a distribution line are considered, then an evaluation of the impact of each one of these loads on the distortion at a specific point is possible. Simulation results confirm that information included in the proposed bivector can provide helpful guidance when quantities derived from apparent power equations deliver ambiguous results.

谐波发电负荷的识别和谐波污染责任分配是现代电力系统谐波控制的重要第一步。在本文中，我们研究了先前引入的功率多向量作为识别此类负载的可能工具。这种权力的表示是基于几何代数(GA)的数学框架。在负载连接点处导出的功率多向量的分量被分组成一个单独的量，该量在遗传算法中是一个双向量，具有幅度、方向和感知的特征。这个双向量的大小可以作为一个指标的畸变在负载的终端。此外，与仅基于幅度的指数(如从任何视在功率方程中导出的分量)相比，所提出的双向量表示可以区分增强失真的负载和具有减轻效果的负载。它的保守性质允许在特定负载端子和公共连接点的畸变之间存在关联。当考虑沿配电线路连接的多个负载时，则可以评估每个负载对特定点畸变的影响。仿真结果证实，当从视在功率方程中导出的量提供模糊的结果时，所提出的双向量中包含的信息可以提供有用的指导。

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引用次数: 0

A comprehensive review of solar thermal desalination technologies for freshwater production 淡水生产用太阳能热脱盐技术综述

IF 1.8 Q2 Energy

AIMS Energy

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/energy.2023016

Laveet Kumar, Jahanzaib Soomro, H. Khoharo, M. Assad

This review is inspired by the increasing shortage of fresh water in areas of the world, and is written in response to the expanding demand for sustainable technologies due to the prevailing crisis of depleting natural water resources. It focuses on comprehending different solar energy-based technologies. Since the increasing population has resulted in the rising demand for freshwater, desalination installation volume is rapidly increasing globally. Conventional ways of desalination technologies involve the use of fossil fuels to extract thermal energy which imparts adverse impacts on the environment. To lessen the carbon footprint left by energy-intensive desalination processes, the emphasis has shifted to using renewable energy sources to drive desalination systems. The growing interest in combining solar energy with desalination with an emphasis on increasing energy efficiency has been sparked by the rapid advancements in solar energy technology, particularly solar thermal. This review paper aims to reflect various developments in solar thermal desalination technologies and presents prospects of solar energy-based desalination techniques. This paper reviews direct and indirect desalination techniques coupled with solar energy, and goes on to explain recent trends in technologies. This review also summarizes the emerging trends in the field of solar thermal desalination technologies. The use of nanoparticles and photo-thermal materials for localized heating in solar desalination systems has decreased energy consumption and enhanced the efficiency of the system. Solar power combined with emerging processes like membrane distillation (MD) has also a recent resurgence.

这一审查是受到世界各地淡水日益短缺的启发，并且是针对由于普遍存在的自然水资源枯竭危机而对可持续技术的需求不断扩大而编写的。它侧重于理解不同的太阳能技术。由于人口的增加导致淡水需求的增加，海水淡化装置的数量在全球范围内迅速增加。传统的海水淡化技术包括使用化石燃料提取热能，这对环境有不利影响。为了减少能源密集型海水淡化过程留下的碳足迹，重点已经转移到使用可再生能源来驱动海水淡化系统。由于太阳能技术，特别是太阳能热能的迅速发展，人们对将太阳能与海水淡化结合起来并强调提高能源效率的兴趣日益浓厚。本文综述了太阳能热脱盐技术的研究进展，并对太阳能脱盐技术的发展前景进行了展望。本文综述了与太阳能相结合的直接和间接海水淡化技术，并进一步说明了这些技术的最新发展趋势。综述了太阳能热脱盐技术领域的最新发展趋势。在太阳能海水淡化系统中使用纳米粒子和光热材料进行局部加热，降低了能源消耗，提高了系统效率。太阳能与膜蒸馏(MD)等新兴工艺相结合，最近也重新兴起。

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引用次数: 1

A novel experimental procedure for lock-in thermography on solar cells 一种新的太阳能电池锁定热成像实验方法

IF 1.8 Q2 Energy

AIMS Energy

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/energy.2023026

Thiago M. Vieira, É. Santana, Luiz F. S. Souza, Renan O. Silva, T. Ferreira, D. B. Riffel

The occurrence of defects in solar cells is intrinsically related to a reduction in the efficiency and reliability of these devices. Therefore, monitoring techniques, such as lock-in thermography, electroluminescence and the I-V characteristic curve are adopted in order to evaluate the integrity of the solar cells. In the present work, a novel experimental procedure for the lock-in thermography of solar cells is proposed, aiming to improve the detection capability of the assay. Conventional techniques use pulse width modulation to operate the cell at a fixed point on the I-V curve. Instead, we propose a methodology based on a sinusoidal electric current excitation in order to extend the range of operational points that are close to the maximum power point as the cell operates in the field. Some traditional image processing techniques (principal component analysis, the fast Fourier transform and the four-step phase-shifting method) have been used to analyze the thermal images captured by an infrared camera during steady-state operation mode of the solar cells using both sinusoidal electric current signal and standard pulse width modulation procedures. Comparison between the results of both procedures found that this novel approach provides smoother and clearer delimitation of the defects. Furthermore, the contrast of the phase images was found to exhibit significant changes between the defective and non-defective regions for different modulation frequencies and types of defects. From the achieved results, it was possible to obtain a satisfactory characterization of the existing defects.

太阳能电池中缺陷的发生本质上与这些设备的效率和可靠性的降低有关。因此，为了评估太阳能电池的完整性，采用了锁相热成像、电致发光和I-V特性曲线等监测技术。在本工作中，提出了一种新的太阳能电池锁定热成像实验程序，旨在提高检测能力。传统技术使用脉宽调制在I-V曲线上的固定点操作电池。相反，我们提出了一种基于正弦电流激励的方法，以扩大电池在野外工作时接近最大功率点的工作点范围。采用传统的图像处理技术(主成分分析、快速傅立叶变换和四步移相法)，利用正弦电流信号和标准脉宽调制程序对太阳能电池稳态工作模式下红外相机捕获的热图像进行了分析。两种方法的结果比较表明，该方法能更流畅、更清晰地界定缺陷。此外，相位图像的对比发现，在不同的调制频率和缺陷类型下，缺陷区和非缺陷区之间存在显着变化。从获得的结果来看，可以获得现有缺陷的令人满意的特征。

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引用次数: 0

The prospects of clean hydrogen utilization in power generation industry 清洁氢在发电工业中的应用前景

Q2 Energy

AIMS Energy

Pub Date : 2023-01-01 DOI: 10.3934/energy.2023047

Daido Fujita

Due to the commitment of carbon neutrality by 2050, all possible measures to be adopted to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The purpose of power generation from clean hydrogen is towards achieving carbon-neutral ambitions and to hit the net zero target by 2050. Power generation from clean hydrogen is one of the solutions to substitute or minimize the use of natural gas and ensure energy security of the nation. This study mainly focuses on the quantitative and qualitative measures of potential renewable resources to produce the required hydrogen for power generation from combined cycle power plants, hydrogen storage, and material compatibility with hydrogen. PVsyst software is utilized to assess the potential of power generation from solar PV plants. Techno-economics assessments of co-generation (hydrogen 20% vol. + natural gas 80% vol.) with clean hydrogen produced from PEM electrolyzers are analyzed in this study. The novelty or highlight of this study is that it is feasible technically and economically to implement clean hydrogen utilization in power generation sectors to reduce green-house gas emission.

& lt; abstract>由于承诺到2050年实现碳中和，采取一切可能的措施减少温室气体排放。清洁氢发电的目的是实现碳中和的雄心，并在2050年前达到净零排放的目标。清洁氢发电是替代或减少天然气使用，保障国家能源安全的解决方案之一。本研究主要关注联合循环电厂生产发电所需氢气的潜在可再生资源的定量和定性措施、储氢以及与氢的材料相容性。利用PVsyst软件来评估太阳能光伏电站的发电潜力。本研究分析了PEM电解槽生产的清洁氢气的热电联产(氢气体积为20% +天然气体积为80%)的技术经济评估。本研究的新颖性或亮点在于，在发电行业实施清洁氢利用以减少温室气体排放在技术上和经济上都是可行的。& lt; / abstract>

引用次数: 0