Abstract This study introduces an enigmatic construction in Japanese called chūshakuteki nibun-renchi ‘annotative dual-clause juxtaposition’ (ADCJ), exemplified below: Hiro wa , dare ni au no ka , resutoran o yoyakushita . top who dat meet nmlz int restaurant acc reserved Lit. ‘Hiro, (I wonder) who (he) will meet, reserved a restaurant.’ This construction is ubiquitous and yet little known even in Japanese linguistics circles. Because the matrix predicate of ADCJ cannot semantically accommodate such a component as dare ni au no ka ‘who (he) will meet’ above, this paper argues that ADCJ is parenthetical, a construct that should be recognized as an essential element of verbal communication and, in turn, a determining factor in how utterances are to be formed and interpreted. This construction is dissimilar to any other type of parentheticals hitherto reported in the literature. What is so special about it is its merger of portraying two situations through abduction and expressing the entire circumstance in a single communicative unit. For example, in the above example, the parenthetical element explains why the speaker wishes to convey the matrix statement. From an interactional perspective, the primary function of ADCJ is to highlight the speaker’s intellectual and communicative involvement in the depicted scene. This style of communication, when compared with an ‘objective’ and apathetic description, is likely to induce more earnest reactions from the hearer or reader and, consequently, promote a more favorable continuation of the conversation or reading. This paper advocates a wide-ranging examination of thetical grammar ( Kaltenböck et al. 2011 ), for which detailed analyses of constructions such as ADCJ that traditional syntactic/semantic theories cannot capture are indispensable.
摘要本文介绍了日语中一种名为chūshakuteki nibun-renchi(注释双句并列)的谜式结构，举例如下:Hiro wa, dare ni au no ka, resutoran o yoyakushita。(我想知道)阿宏(他)会遇见谁，他预定了一个餐厅。这种结构无处不在，但即使在日本语言学圈也很少有人知道。由于ADCJ的矩阵谓词在语义上不能容纳上述“谁(他)将会见”这样的成分，本文认为ADCJ是插入式的，这是一个应该被认为是言语交际的基本要素的结构，反过来，它是话语如何形成和解释的决定性因素。这种结构不同于迄今为止文献中报道的任何其他类型的插入语。它的特别之处在于它将两种情景通过诱拐的方式描绘出来，并在一个交际单元中表达整个情景。例如，在上面的示例中，括号元素解释了说话者为什么希望传达矩阵语句。从互动的角度来看，ADCJ的主要功能是突出说话人在描述场景中的智力和交际参与。与“客观”和冷漠的描述相比，这种交流方式可能会引起听者或读者更认真的反应，从而促进更有利的对话或阅读的继续。本文主张对综合语法进行广泛的检查(Kaltenböck et al. 2011)，为此，对传统语法/语义理论无法捕获的ADCJ等结构的详细分析是必不可少的。
{"title":"The annotative dual-clause juxtaposition construction in Japanese","authors":"Yoko Hasegawa","doi":"10.1075/pc.22020.has","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/pc.22020.has","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract This study introduces an enigmatic construction in Japanese called chūshakuteki nibun-renchi ‘annotative dual-clause juxtaposition’ (ADCJ), exemplified below: Hiro wa , dare ni au no ka , resutoran o yoyakushita . top who dat meet nmlz int restaurant acc reserved Lit. ‘Hiro, (I wonder) who (he) will meet, reserved a restaurant.’ This construction is ubiquitous and yet little known even in Japanese linguistics circles. Because the matrix predicate of ADCJ cannot semantically accommodate such a component as dare ni au no ka ‘who (he) will meet’ above, this paper argues that ADCJ is parenthetical, a construct that should be recognized as an essential element of verbal communication and, in turn, a determining factor in how utterances are to be formed and interpreted. This construction is dissimilar to any other type of parentheticals hitherto reported in the literature. What is so special about it is its merger of portraying two situations through abduction and expressing the entire circumstance in a single communicative unit. For example, in the above example, the parenthetical element explains why the speaker wishes to convey the matrix statement. From an interactional perspective, the primary function of ADCJ is to highlight the speaker’s intellectual and communicative involvement in the depicted scene. This style of communication, when compared with an ‘objective’ and apathetic description, is likely to induce more earnest reactions from the hearer or reader and, consequently, promote a more favorable continuation of the conversation or reading. This paper advocates a wide-ranging examination of thetical grammar ( Kaltenböck et al. 2011 ), for which detailed analyses of constructions such as ADCJ that traditional syntactic/semantic theories cannot capture are indispensable.","PeriodicalId":45741,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics & Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135241543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Children’s ability to understand irony is believed to be acquired late compared to other pragmatic skills. To explore this assertion, this article presents a review of four decades of research, to determine the age at which children actually do become capable of understanding ironic utterances, and what the crucial influencing factors are. As this systematic examination of the state of research shows, children do indeed seem to gain an understanding of irony later than other forms of non-literal language. In seeking an explanation for this finding, this article discusses the methodological orientation of previous research. It might be that the predominant use of offline methods, especially metalinguistic judgment tasks, paints a somewhat distorted picture of children’s irony comprehension. The article therefore argues for the use of eye-tracking, and a re-examination of the thesis of late acquisition of irony comprehension in children in the near future.
{"title":"40 years of research into children’s irony comprehension","authors":"Julia Fuchs","doi":"10.1075/pc.22015.fuc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/pc.22015.fuc","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Children’s ability to understand irony is believed to be acquired late compared to other pragmatic skills. To explore this assertion, this article presents a review of four decades of research, to determine the age at which children actually do become capable of understanding ironic utterances, and what the crucial influencing factors are. As this systematic examination of the state of research shows, children do indeed seem to gain an understanding of irony later than other forms of non-literal language. In seeking an explanation for this finding, this article discusses the methodological orientation of previous research. It might be that the predominant use of offline methods, especially metalinguistic judgment tasks, paints a somewhat distorted picture of children’s irony comprehension. The article therefore argues for the use of eye-tracking, and a re-examination of the thesis of late acquisition of irony comprehension in children in the near future.","PeriodicalId":45741,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics & Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135242484","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Children who grow up exposed to more than one language face a range of challenges and developmental environments which differ from those of monolinguals. Recently, studies have suggested that this may lead to differences in the development of pragmatic skills and sensitivity to socio-pragmatic cues. We investigate whether bilingually exposed children are able to make further use of these cues in an ostensive teaching setting for word learning in a sample of 110 children aged 4 to 6 years old and find evidence that bilingual children do perform significantly better in ostensive teaching settings when asked to use pragmatic cues to derive the meaning of a novel word. We discuss implications for theories of pragmatics and bilingual development.
{"title":"Monolingual and bilingual children’s performance learning words from ostensive teaching","authors":"Isabelle Lorge, Napoleon Katsos","doi":"10.1075/pc.22018.lor","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/pc.22018.lor","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Children who grow up exposed to more than one language face a range of challenges and developmental environments which differ from those of monolinguals. Recently, studies have suggested that this may lead to differences in the development of pragmatic skills and sensitivity to socio-pragmatic cues. We investigate whether bilingually exposed children are able to make further use of these cues in an ostensive teaching setting for word learning in a sample of 110 children aged 4 to 6 years old and find evidence that bilingual children do perform significantly better in ostensive teaching settings when asked to use pragmatic cues to derive the meaning of a novel word. We discuss implications for theories of pragmatics and bilingual development.","PeriodicalId":45741,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics & Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135242490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract In this study I focus on the complementation patterns of commissive shell nouns in Ghanaian English (GhE). Commissive shell nouns are a type of illocutionary shell noun, i.e. a noun that encapsulates a content that is usually expressed in a complement or even separate clause or sentence thereby ascribing it an illocutionary force. I use the usage-based approach to the study of language and investigate the behavioral profile of these nouns in GhE. I apply descriptive statistics to data that have been collected from the Corpus of Global Web-based English ( GloWbE ). The study provides evidence for the characterization of GhE usage norms, and thus contributes to the scholarly knowledge on this variety of English. It also sheds light on the contribution that the meaning-related and ultimately cognitive perspective can offer in describing the complementation patterns of illocutionary nouns in Postcolonial Englishes (PCEs).
{"title":"Linguistic and pragmatic ways of committing oneself","authors":"Carla Vergaro","doi":"10.1075/pc.22014.ver","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/pc.22014.ver","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In this study I focus on the complementation patterns of commissive shell nouns in Ghanaian English (GhE). Commissive shell nouns are a type of illocutionary shell noun, i.e. a noun that encapsulates a content that is usually expressed in a complement or even separate clause or sentence thereby ascribing it an illocutionary force. I use the usage-based approach to the study of language and investigate the behavioral profile of these nouns in GhE. I apply descriptive statistics to data that have been collected from the Corpus of Global Web-based English ( GloWbE ). The study provides evidence for the characterization of GhE usage norms, and thus contributes to the scholarly knowledge on this variety of English. It also sheds light on the contribution that the meaning-related and ultimately cognitive perspective can offer in describing the complementation patterns of illocutionary nouns in Postcolonial Englishes (PCEs).","PeriodicalId":45741,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics & Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135241542","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this study, we are addressing the call for further research (Aikhenvald 2015) into how languages, in our case Modern Greek, mark the unexpected. Our first research question is: Can we identify a class of mirative evidential markers in Modern Greek? The expected answer is that we can, if we take account of frequency rates in a variety of sources in the real world, namely plays, corpora and tags in social media. The second research question is: Do these markers convey propositional or non-propositional meaning? Our findings suggest that the Greek data involves predominantly non-propositional types of meaning since mirativity is not delivered by the semantic content of the utterance (e.g., Ooo! Tí vlépoun ta mátia mou? “Oh! What do I see?”, Ma ti les tóra? “But what are you saying now?”, Ba ba ti akoúo? “Well, well, what do I hear?” Mi mou pis! ‘Don’t tell me!’).
在这项研究中，我们正在解决进一步研究的呼吁(Aikhenvald 2015)，在我们的案例中，现代希腊语是如何标记意外的。我们的第一个研究问题是:我们能否在现代希腊语中识别一类镜像证据标记?如果我们考虑到现实世界中各种来源的频率，即社交媒体中的播放、语料库和标签，那么预期的答案是可以的。第二个研究问题是:这些标记是表达命题意义还是非命题意义?我们的研究结果表明，希腊数据主要涉及非命题类型的意义，因为奇迹不是由话语的语义内容传递的(例如，Ooo!Tí vlvlsampoun ta mátia mou?“哦!我看到了什么?，马蒂尔斯tóra?“你现在又要说什么呢?”，巴巴提akoúo?“好吧，好吧，我听到了什么?”Mi mou pis!“别告诉我!”
{"title":"Mirative evidentials, relevance and non‑propositional meaning","authors":"Elly Ifantidou, Lemonia Tsavdaridou","doi":"10.1075/pc.22012.ifa","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/pc.22012.ifa","url":null,"abstract":"In this study, we are addressing the call for further research\u0000 (Aikhenvald 2015) into how\u0000 languages, in our case Modern Greek, mark the unexpected. Our first research\u0000 question is: Can we identify a class of mirative evidential markers in Modern\u0000 Greek? The expected answer is that we can, if we take account of frequency rates\u0000 in a variety of sources in the real world, namely plays, corpora and tags in\u0000 social media. The second research question is: Do these markers convey\u0000 propositional or non-propositional meaning? Our findings suggest that the Greek\u0000 data involves predominantly non-propositional types of meaning since mirativity\u0000 is not delivered by the semantic content of the utterance (e.g., Ooo! Tí\u0000 vlépoun ta mátia mou? “Oh! What do I see?”, Ma ti les tóra?\u0000 “But what are you saying now?”, Ba ba ti akoúo?\u0000 “Well, well, what do I hear?” Mi mou pis! ‘Don’t tell\u0000 me!’).","PeriodicalId":45741,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics & Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135241869","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Literary narratology has rightly devoted much attention to analysing the source(s) of verbal information about the story world, usually discussed under the label “narration”, and to any agent(s) that present(s) non-verbalized perspectives on it, usually discussed under the label “focalization”. Assessing the identity of narrators and focalizers is crucial for understanding what is going on in the story world. Which narrative agent is in charge? Is the narration and/or focalization layered? If the latter, is there any “colouring” by the higher-level narrative agent of anything said, thought, or experienced by the lower-level agent? Is the information provided trustworthy? Nuanced? Prejudiced? Narration and focalization have supra-medial as well as medium-specific dimensions. Over the past years, the issue of how these concepts function in the medium of comics, which combines visuals and language, has begun to be systematically addressed. This paper aims to show how the visual mode can, on its own or combined with the written-language mode, signal the sources of narration, focalization, and joint narration-and-focalization, as well as distinguish between different levels at which these take place.
{"title":"Narrating and focalizing visually and visual-verbally in comics and graphic novels","authors":"Charles Forceville","doi":"10.1075/pc.22007.for","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/pc.22007.for","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Literary narratology has rightly devoted much attention to analysing the source(s) of verbal information about the story world, usually discussed under the label “narration”, and to any agent(s) that present(s) non-verbalized perspectives on it, usually discussed under the label “focalization”. Assessing the identity of narrators and focalizers is crucial for understanding what is going on in the story world. Which narrative agent is in charge? Is the narration and/or focalization layered? If the latter, is there any “colouring” by the higher-level narrative agent of anything said, thought, or experienced by the lower-level agent? Is the information provided trustworthy? Nuanced? Prejudiced? Narration and focalization have supra-medial as well as medium-specific dimensions. Over the past years, the issue of how these concepts function in the medium of comics, which combines visuals and language, has begun to be systematically addressed. This paper aims to show how the visual mode can, on its own or combined with the written-language mode, signal the sources of narration, focalization, and joint narration-and-focalization, as well as distinguish between different levels at which these take place.","PeriodicalId":45741,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics & Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135286444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reply to commentaries","authors":"Bianca Cepollaro","doi":"10.1075/pc.00030.cep","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/pc.00030.cep","url":null,"abstract":"Preview this article: Reply to commentaries, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/pc.00030.cep-1.gif","PeriodicalId":45741,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics & Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135242970","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Too big to bind?","authors":"Elin McCready","doi":"10.1075/pc.00027.mcc","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/pc.00027.mcc","url":null,"abstract":"Preview this article: Too big to bind?, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/pc.00027.mcc-1.gif","PeriodicalId":45741,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics & Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135241387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Preview this article: Non-standard uses of hybrid evaluatives and the echoic view, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/pc.00029.zem-1.gif
{"title":"Non-standard uses of hybrid evaluatives and the echoic view","authors":"Dan Zeman","doi":"10.1075/pc.00029.zem","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1075/pc.00029.zem","url":null,"abstract":"Preview this article: Non-standard uses of hybrid evaluatives and the echoic view, Page 1 of 1 < Previous page | Next page > /docserver/preview/fulltext/pc.00029.zem-1.gif","PeriodicalId":45741,"journal":{"name":"Pragmatics & Cognition","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135241388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"文学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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