Pub Date : 2024-02-21DOI: 10.1007/s40865-024-00250-9
Bridget Joyner-Carpanini, Kevin M. Beaver
The link between victimization and offending has been one of the most consistently revealed associations in criminology. Despite the wealth of literature produced on this topic, much still remains unknown, particularly from a developmental perspective. The current study expands on previous developmental research by examining whether low self-control, Machiavellianism, and callous-unemotional traits significantly distinguish victims or offenders from those who identify as both. To do so, we use data drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). The analyses demonstrated that displaying high levels of low self-control and Machiavellianism differentiate victims from those who are victims and offenders. However, none of the investigated traits distinguished offenders from the overlap group. Additionally, the results were revealed to not be dependent upon the biological sex of the sample. We conclude by discussing the implications of the results of this study for future theory development and research.
{"title":"Trait-Based Explanations of the Victim/Offender Overlap","authors":"Bridget Joyner-Carpanini, Kevin M. Beaver","doi":"10.1007/s40865-024-00250-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40865-024-00250-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The link between victimization and offending has been one of the most consistently revealed associations in criminology. Despite the wealth of literature produced on this topic, much still remains unknown, particularly from a developmental perspective. The current study expands on previous developmental research by examining whether low self-control, Machiavellianism, and callous-unemotional traits significantly distinguish victims or offenders from those who identify as both. To do so, we use data drawn from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health (Add Health). The analyses demonstrated that displaying high levels of low self-control and Machiavellianism differentiate victims from those who are victims and offenders. However, none of the investigated traits distinguished offenders from the overlap group. Additionally, the results were revealed to not be dependent upon the biological sex of the sample. We conclude by discussing the implications of the results of this study for future theory development and research.</p>","PeriodicalId":45772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139918094","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-02-17DOI: 10.1007/s40865-024-00249-2
Sebastian L. Kübel, Jessica R. Deitzer, Willem E. Frankenhuis, Denis Ribeaud, Manuel P. Eisner, Jean-Louis van Gelder
It is well-established that unstructured unsupervised socializing with peers (UUS) motivates deviance while in that specific context. In this article, we extend this situational view by arguing that repeated UUS may also gradually shape adolescents’ norms and decision making beyond the situation. Specifically, we argue that UUS promotes short-term mindsets, i.e., an increased focus on present rewards at the expense of considering future consequences. We test this hypothesis with fixed-effects models, using longitudinal data from a representative sample of 1,675 adolescents from Zurich, Switzerland. Consistent with our preregistered predictions, more frequent UUS is associated with increased short-term mindsets. Thus, our finding suggests that the effects of UUS on later deviance might be driven by becoming more present-oriented. This link offers new insights into the developmental pathways toward adolescent delinquency and offers a potential target for intervention.
与同龄人进行无组织、无监督的社交(UUS)会促使青少年在特定情境中出现偏差,这一点已得到公认。在本文中,我们扩展了这一情境观点,认为重复的 UUS 也可能逐渐塑造青少年在情境之外的规范和决策。具体来说,我们认为 UUS 会助长短期心态,即更加关注当前的回报,而忽略了对未来后果的考虑。我们利用瑞士苏黎世 1675 名青少年的代表性样本的纵向数据,通过固定效应模型对这一假设进行了验证。与我们预先登记的预测一致,更频繁的 UUS 与短期心态的增加有关。因此,我们的研究结果表明,UUS 对日后偏差行为的影响可能是通过变得更加注重当下而产生的。这一联系为青少年犯罪的发展途径提供了新的视角,并为干预提供了潜在的目标。
{"title":"Beyond the Situation: Hanging Out with Peers now is Associated with Short-Term Mindsets Later","authors":"Sebastian L. Kübel, Jessica R. Deitzer, Willem E. Frankenhuis, Denis Ribeaud, Manuel P. Eisner, Jean-Louis van Gelder","doi":"10.1007/s40865-024-00249-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40865-024-00249-2","url":null,"abstract":"<p>It is well-established that unstructured unsupervised socializing with peers (UUS) motivates deviance while in that specific context. In this article, we extend this situational view by arguing that repeated UUS may also gradually shape adolescents’ norms and decision making beyond the situation. Specifically, we argue that UUS promotes short-term mindsets, i.e., an increased focus on present rewards at the expense of considering future consequences. We test this hypothesis with fixed-effects models, using longitudinal data from a representative sample of 1,675 adolescents from Zurich, Switzerland. Consistent with our preregistered predictions, more frequent UUS is associated with increased short-term mindsets. Thus, our finding suggests that the effects of UUS on later deviance might be driven by becoming more present-oriented. This link offers new insights into the developmental pathways toward adolescent delinquency and offers a potential target for intervention.</p>","PeriodicalId":45772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-02-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139772242","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-12DOI: 10.1007/s40865-023-00247-w
Suzanne L. J. Kragten-Heerdink, Steve G. A. van de Weijer, Frank M. Weerman
Human trafficking, among which domestic sex trafficking, is often only understood from the perspective of the victim, since research on traffickers — and in particular on their criminal careers — hardly exists. This is unfortunate, given that the wealth of longitudinal criminal career research on other offender populations has resulted in important theoretical and practical insights. This study therefore examines the offending trajectories of 630 domestic sex traffickers who were brought to court in the Netherlands, based on longitudinal judicial data. The results show that they are a heterogeneous and versatile offender group, similar to general offenders. A group-based trajectory analysis identified four subgroups following different offending trajectories between ages 12 and 35. Low-rate offenders (36%) start their criminal career late, mostly in adulthood, and for a relatively large share of them human trafficking is their first offense. Early-peak offenders (28%) are the youngest human traffickers and late-peak offenders (21%), after a slow start, do not seem to desist from offending on a regular base in adulthood. High-rate-persistent offenders (15%) have the youngest age of onset of crime in general and account for 40% of all criminal cases. On average, they have already more than 20 criminal cases registered against them, before committing human trafficking. This most problematic subgroup seems to be larger among domestic sex traffickers, than among general offenders. More research on criminal careers of domestic sex traffickers (and human traffickers in general) is needed, and should also focus on risk and protective factors that influence their offending trajectories.
{"title":"Criminal Careers of Domestic Sex Traffickers in the Netherlands: Distinguishing Different Offending Trajectories","authors":"Suzanne L. J. Kragten-Heerdink, Steve G. A. van de Weijer, Frank M. Weerman","doi":"10.1007/s40865-023-00247-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40865-023-00247-w","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Human trafficking, among which domestic sex trafficking, is often only understood from the perspective of the victim, since research on traffickers — and in particular on their criminal careers — hardly exists. This is unfortunate, given that the wealth of longitudinal criminal career research on other offender populations has resulted in important theoretical and practical insights. This study therefore examines the offending trajectories of 630 domestic sex traffickers who were brought to court in the Netherlands, based on longitudinal judicial data. The results show that they are a heterogeneous and versatile offender group, similar to general offenders. A group-based trajectory analysis identified four subgroups following different offending trajectories between ages 12 and 35. <i>Low-rate offenders</i> (36%) start their criminal career late, mostly in adulthood, and for a relatively large share of them human trafficking is their first offense. <i>Early-peak offenders</i> (28%) are the youngest human traffickers and <i>late-peak offenders</i> (21%), after a slow start, do not seem to desist from offending on a regular base in adulthood. <i>High-rate-persistent offenders</i> (15%) have the youngest age of onset of crime in general and account for 40% of all criminal cases. On average, they have already more than 20 criminal cases registered against them, before committing human trafficking. This most problematic subgroup seems to be larger among domestic sex traffickers, than among general offenders. More research on criminal careers of domestic sex traffickers (and human traffickers in general) is needed, and should also focus on risk and protective factors that influence their offending trajectories.</p>","PeriodicalId":45772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139459523","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-12-30DOI: 10.1007/s40865-023-00248-9
Breanne E. Wylie, Lindsay C. Malloy, Adam Fine, Angela D. Evans
Parent–child conversations about how to interact with the police are colloquially known as “The Talk.” Studies have largely focused on the influence of age, race, and gender on the occurrence of such conversations. We extended this examination to other potentially influential factors as well as beliefs about whether parents should have “The Talk.” Parents of 5 to 17 year olds (N = 1131) completed questionnaires to assess the influence of demographics, child factors, and parent factors, on whether parents have talked to their child about how to interact with the police, and whether they believe parents should have such conversations. Though most parents believed parents should have “The Talk,” only half of parents had “The Talk” (around age 7). Binary logistic regressions revealed that whereas parental factors (anxiety, perceived discrimination) reduced beliefs that parents should have such conversations, child factors (affective reactivity) influenced whether parents had “The Talk.” Also, with greater perceived police bias and legitimacy, parents were more likely to have “The Talk” and believed parents should. Given that not all parents are having “The Talk” or believe parents should, we conclude that parents might need help in learning how to talk to their children about how to interact with the police.
{"title":"Do Parents Have “The Talk” or Believe They Should?: Parent–Child Conversations About Interacting with the Police","authors":"Breanne E. Wylie, Lindsay C. Malloy, Adam Fine, Angela D. Evans","doi":"10.1007/s40865-023-00248-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40865-023-00248-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Parent–child conversations about how to interact with the police are colloquially known as “The Talk.” Studies have largely focused on the influence of age, race, and gender on the occurrence of such conversations. We extended this examination to other potentially influential factors as well as beliefs about whether parents <i>should</i> have “The Talk.” Parents of 5 to 17 year olds (<i>N</i> = 1131) completed questionnaires to assess the influence of demographics, child factors, and parent factors, on whether parents <i>have</i> talked to their child about how to interact with the police, and whether they believe parents <i>should</i> have such conversations. Though most parents believed parents <i>should</i> have “The Talk,” only half of parents <i>had</i> “The Talk” (around age 7). Binary logistic regressions revealed that whereas parental factors (anxiety, perceived discrimination) reduced beliefs that parents <i>should</i> have such conversations, child factors (affective reactivity) influenced whether parents <i>had</i> “The Talk.” Also, with greater perceived police bias and legitimacy, parents were more likely to have “The Talk” and believed parents <i>should</i>. Given that not all parents are having “The Talk” or believe parents <i>should,</i> we conclude that parents might need help in learning <i>how</i> to talk to their children about how to interact with the police.</p>","PeriodicalId":45772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139070595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-25DOI: 10.1007/s40865-023-00246-x
James M. Ogilvie, Lisa Broidy, Carleen Thompson, Susan Dennison, Troy Allard, Aydan Kuluk, Belinda Crissman, Steve Kisely, Anna Stewart
Mental illness is firmly established as a risk factor for criminal legal system contact, particularly for women and Indigenous people. While patterns of criminal legal contact vary by gender and Indigenous status, we do not know how mental health contacts factor into these patterns. The aim of this research is to examine whether mental health characteristics and service contacts vary across patterns of criminal legal system contact defined by group-based trajectory modelling and to explore whether any such variation is consistent across gender and Indigenous status. Using linked administrative data from a 1990 Australian birth cohort (to age 23/24 years, N = 45,141), we estimate trajectories of criminal legal system contact and assess variation across groups defined by gender and Indigenous status. We then examine whether types of mental illness diagnoses and mental health service contacts varied across trajectory groups and whether this was consistent across gender and Indigenous status. Findings point to important differences in mental health system contact across offending trajectory groups. Differences are suggestive of variation in mental health system utilization at the intersection of gender and Indigenous statuses that are conditioned by patterns of criminal legal system contact. We conclude by outlining the implications of these patterns for life course theories of offending and for gender and culturally informed support and interventions directed towards system-involved individuals with mental health needs.
{"title":"Trajectories of Offending and Mental Health Service Use: Similarities and Differences by Gender and Indigenous Status in an Australian Birth Cohort","authors":"James M. Ogilvie, Lisa Broidy, Carleen Thompson, Susan Dennison, Troy Allard, Aydan Kuluk, Belinda Crissman, Steve Kisely, Anna Stewart","doi":"10.1007/s40865-023-00246-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40865-023-00246-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Mental illness is firmly established as a risk factor for criminal legal system contact, particularly for women and Indigenous people. While patterns of criminal legal contact vary by gender and Indigenous status, we do not know how mental health contacts factor into these patterns. The aim of this research is to examine whether mental health characteristics and service contacts vary across patterns of criminal legal system contact defined by group-based trajectory modelling and to explore whether any such variation is consistent across gender and Indigenous status. Using linked administrative data from a 1990 Australian birth cohort (to age 23/24 years, <i>N</i> = 45,141), we estimate trajectories of criminal legal system contact and assess variation across groups defined by gender and Indigenous status. We then examine whether types of mental illness diagnoses and mental health service contacts varied across trajectory groups and whether this was consistent across gender and Indigenous status. Findings point to important differences in mental health system contact across offending trajectory groups. Differences are suggestive of variation in mental health system utilization at the intersection of gender and Indigenous statuses that are conditioned by patterns of criminal legal system contact. We conclude by outlining the implications of these patterns for life course theories of offending and for gender and culturally informed support and interventions directed towards system-involved individuals with mental health needs.</p>","PeriodicalId":45772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138506603","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1007/s40865-023-00245-y
Amy Nivette, Amina op de Weegh, Eva Jaspers
Abstract Relationships with parents, teachers, and peers can expose youth to different types of authority and legal orientations. In particular, parents are expected to play a key role in shaping youth’s perceptions of authority, as they are considered the primary agents of socialization throughout childhood and adolescence. However, few have directly assessed the intergenerational transmission of trust in authorities from parent to child and the mechanisms by which transmission is more or less effective. The current study assesses to what extent parental trust in criminal justice authorities (i.e., police and judges) is associated with trust in criminal justice authorities among a diverse sample of young adults in the Netherlands. Drawing from research on socialization and youth development, we also evaluate to what extent the quality of relationship with the parent conditions the degree of intergenerational transmission of trust in criminal justice authorities. Overall, we found that parental trust in criminal justice authorities measured when the youth were aged 19–20 was positively related to youth trust 1 year later. The quality of the relationship between parents and children was not directly related to youths’ trust in authorities, and for the most part did not moderate the effect of parent trust on youth trust.
{"title":"Intergenerational Transmission of Trust in Criminal Justice Authorities Among Late Adolescents in the Netherlands","authors":"Amy Nivette, Amina op de Weegh, Eva Jaspers","doi":"10.1007/s40865-023-00245-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40865-023-00245-y","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Relationships with parents, teachers, and peers can expose youth to different types of authority and legal orientations. In particular, parents are expected to play a key role in shaping youth’s perceptions of authority, as they are considered the primary agents of socialization throughout childhood and adolescence. However, few have directly assessed the intergenerational transmission of trust in authorities from parent to child and the mechanisms by which transmission is more or less effective. The current study assesses to what extent parental trust in criminal justice authorities (i.e., police and judges) is associated with trust in criminal justice authorities among a diverse sample of young adults in the Netherlands. Drawing from research on socialization and youth development, we also evaluate to what extent the quality of relationship with the parent conditions the degree of intergenerational transmission of trust in criminal justice authorities. Overall, we found that parental trust in criminal justice authorities measured when the youth were aged 19–20 was positively related to youth trust 1 year later. The quality of the relationship between parents and children was not directly related to youths’ trust in authorities, and for the most part did not moderate the effect of parent trust on youth trust.","PeriodicalId":45772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135320431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-26DOI: 10.1007/s40865-023-00243-0
Michael F. TenEyck, J. C. Barnes, Sarah A. El Sayed
{"title":"The Impact of Cumulative Risk on Criminal Behavior Across the Life Course","authors":"Michael F. TenEyck, J. C. Barnes, Sarah A. El Sayed","doi":"10.1007/s40865-023-00243-0","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40865-023-00243-0","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134910400","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-23DOI: 10.1007/s40865-023-00244-z
Kelsey Lynn Cundiff
{"title":"The Effects of Teenage Work Quality on Delinquency","authors":"Kelsey Lynn Cundiff","doi":"10.1007/s40865-023-00244-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40865-023-00244-z","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135322745","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-16DOI: 10.1007/s40865-023-00242-1
Jet Westerveld, Jessica J. Asscher, Maja Deković, Suzan Verweij, Gijs Weijters
Abstract Recidivism rates of juvenile delinquents remain high despite numerous intervention efforts. Identifying factors that can predict (long-term) recidivism is therefore an important research issue. Knowledge on why juveniles re-offend is a key to effective interventions as it helps to identify factors most likely to be successful targets in intervention programs. A 10-year follow-up study prospectively examined whether psychopathic traits and supportive parental practices predicted the timing and frequency of recidivism in juvenile delinquents. Participants were 256 adolescents who were referred to treatment for serious antisocial behavior (72.4% male). Participants were between 12 and 18 years old at baseline ( M = 15.9 years). Parents reported on juveniles’ psychopathic traits and supportive parental practices at baseline. At 10-year follow-up, the official recidivism data were collected. A substantial number of juveniles (86.3%) had recidivated at 10-year follow-up. Juvenile psychopathic traits and supportive parental practices did not incrementally predict the timing or frequency of recidivism over time over and beyond the static control variables gender and prior offenses. The present study confirms previous work suggesting that static risk factors gender and prior offenses are strongest predictors of recidivism.
{"title":"The Role of Psychopathic Traits and Supportive Parental Practices in Long-Term Juvenile Recidivism: a 10-Year Follow-Up","authors":"Jet Westerveld, Jessica J. Asscher, Maja Deković, Suzan Verweij, Gijs Weijters","doi":"10.1007/s40865-023-00242-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40865-023-00242-1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Recidivism rates of juvenile delinquents remain high despite numerous intervention efforts. Identifying factors that can predict (long-term) recidivism is therefore an important research issue. Knowledge on why juveniles re-offend is a key to effective interventions as it helps to identify factors most likely to be successful targets in intervention programs. A 10-year follow-up study prospectively examined whether psychopathic traits and supportive parental practices predicted the timing and frequency of recidivism in juvenile delinquents. Participants were 256 adolescents who were referred to treatment for serious antisocial behavior (72.4% male). Participants were between 12 and 18 years old at baseline ( M = 15.9 years). Parents reported on juveniles’ psychopathic traits and supportive parental practices at baseline. At 10-year follow-up, the official recidivism data were collected. A substantial number of juveniles (86.3%) had recidivated at 10-year follow-up. Juvenile psychopathic traits and supportive parental practices did not incrementally predict the timing or frequency of recidivism over time over and beyond the static control variables gender and prior offenses. The present study confirms previous work suggesting that static risk factors gender and prior offenses are strongest predictors of recidivism.","PeriodicalId":45772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136113961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-08DOI: 10.1007/s40865-023-00241-2
J. McGloin, M. Augustyn
{"title":"The Measurement Lens Matters: Considering the Sensitivity of the Gang Effect to Coding Across Samples","authors":"J. McGloin, M. Augustyn","doi":"10.1007/s40865-023-00241-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s40865-023-00241-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":45772,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Developmental and Life-Course Criminology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.9,"publicationDate":"2023-09-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45894511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}