Pub Date : 2021-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2021.1886958
Bonnie Averbuch, M. Hvarregaard Thorsøe, C. Kjeldsen
ABSTRACT Agriculture needs a radical transition towards a more sustainable model. Multi-Level Perspective has gained prominence as a framework for analysing sustainable transitions. However, Multi-Level Perspective has received criticism for the unclear operationalization of its hierarchical levels and bias towards bottom-up change. This longue durée study applies the Multi-Level Perspective framework to the case of the Danish dairy cattle sector to understand the foundations for sustainable agricultural transitions, and in doing so addresses these Multi-Level Perspective critiques. The results highlighted system elements that have persisted over time to reveal stable, recurring patterns. These patterns helped delineate the system’s deep structure. Our results show that uncovering this deep structure is key to understanding how actors and elements come together to either permit or constrain development pathways. Thus, integration and alignment with these actors and elements will be necessary to extend the possibilities for future agricultural transitions. Finally, understanding a system’s deep structure can correct Multi-Level Perspective’s bias towards bottom-up change.
{"title":"Longue durée study of agricultural transitions in Denmark using Multi-Level Perspective","authors":"Bonnie Averbuch, M. Hvarregaard Thorsøe, C. Kjeldsen","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2021.1886958","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2021.1886958","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Agriculture needs a radical transition towards a more sustainable model. Multi-Level Perspective has gained prominence as a framework for analysing sustainable transitions. However, Multi-Level Perspective has received criticism for the unclear operationalization of its hierarchical levels and bias towards bottom-up change. This longue durée study applies the Multi-Level Perspective framework to the case of the Danish dairy cattle sector to understand the foundations for sustainable agricultural transitions, and in doing so addresses these Multi-Level Perspective critiques. The results highlighted system elements that have persisted over time to reveal stable, recurring patterns. These patterns helped delineate the system’s deep structure. Our results show that uncovering this deep structure is key to understanding how actors and elements come together to either permit or constrain development pathways. Thus, integration and alignment with these actors and elements will be necessary to extend the possibilities for future agricultural transitions. Finally, understanding a system’s deep structure can correct Multi-Level Perspective’s bias towards bottom-up change.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83306119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-11-12DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2020.1847154
Sören Scholvin
ABSTRACT The research note assesses the prospects of development through extractive industries in north Patagonia (Argentina), a region that holds considerably large unconventional oil and gas deposits. The author applies the linkage approach from the literature on global value chains, paying particular attention to backward and forward production linkages because they may trigger a structural transformation of the regional economy. He finds that north Patagonian firms have managed to plug into the upstream sector. There are efforts to facilitate an unconventional hydrocarbon cluster and even hopes of local firms venturing into markets abroad, which would enable them to become specialized suppliers. However, their present role is largely limited to the provision of generic products and services, and it appears unlikely that this will change due to financial and other constraints. Even though north Patagonia benefits from linkages, the disillusioning findings lead the author to call for a less optimistic understanding of linkage-based development in global value chains: resource peripheries may be stuck at a level of generic, low value-added activities.
{"title":"Limits of linkage-based development: an assessment of the oil and gas sector in North Patagonia, Argentina","authors":"Sören Scholvin","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2020.1847154","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2020.1847154","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The research note assesses the prospects of development through extractive industries in north Patagonia (Argentina), a region that holds considerably large unconventional oil and gas deposits. The author applies the linkage approach from the literature on global value chains, paying particular attention to backward and forward production linkages because they may trigger a structural transformation of the regional economy. He finds that north Patagonian firms have managed to plug into the upstream sector. There are efforts to facilitate an unconventional hydrocarbon cluster and even hopes of local firms venturing into markets abroad, which would enable them to become specialized suppliers. However, their present role is largely limited to the provision of generic products and services, and it appears unlikely that this will change due to financial and other constraints. Even though north Patagonia benefits from linkages, the disillusioning findings lead the author to call for a less optimistic understanding of linkage-based development in global value chains: resource peripheries may be stuck at a level of generic, low value-added activities.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-11-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82877575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2020.1816484
M. Odgaard
ABSTRACT In recent decades, we have witnessed a move towards a further protection of central urban cores through introduction of retail planning in Denmark. Recent changes in legislation have significantly changed these principles through a planning reform as proposed by the liberal government and adopted by Danish parliament in 2017. The change in legislation fits with a longer trend of liberalization of spatial planning in Denmark since the mid-2000s. 4th of June 2019 it was announced that the building of a high- rise tower and accompanying shopping district was put on hold by the developer. A project proposed for outside the town of Brande, which due to its radical appearance had caused a stir in architectural- and urban planning communities. Before the 2017 planning reform, such a project would be impossible due to the retail planning sections in the Danish planning act. This purpose of this article is to unfold the project in Brande, the change in legislation, which made it possible, and the precedence it sets for Danish urban planning. The change in planning legislation and practice is contextualized with a historical background for Danish urban planning, and the change in planning principles is set in an international- and theoretical context.
{"title":"Highrise in Brande—highlighting change in Danish urban planning","authors":"M. Odgaard","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2020.1816484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2020.1816484","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT In recent decades, we have witnessed a move towards a further protection of central urban cores through introduction of retail planning in Denmark. Recent changes in legislation have significantly changed these principles through a planning reform as proposed by the liberal government and adopted by Danish parliament in 2017. The change in legislation fits with a longer trend of liberalization of spatial planning in Denmark since the mid-2000s. 4th of June 2019 it was announced that the building of a high- rise tower and accompanying shopping district was put on hold by the developer. A project proposed for outside the town of Brande, which due to its radical appearance had caused a stir in architectural- and urban planning communities. Before the 2017 planning reform, such a project would be impossible due to the retail planning sections in the Danish planning act. This purpose of this article is to unfold the project in Brande, the change in legislation, which made it possible, and the precedence it sets for Danish urban planning. The change in planning legislation and practice is contextualized with a historical background for Danish urban planning, and the change in planning principles is set in an international- and theoretical context.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91151251","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2020.1821739
Yan He, Xiao Wu
ABSTRACT Residents’ activity-related travel patterns are not only based on short-term decisions but also impacted by long-term factors, such as attitudes and past behaviours that have developed in people’s daily lives. This study examines the impacts of service facility accessibility, past behaviours and travel attitudes on activity-related travel patterns among relocated residents from the urban centre of Kunming, China to a suburb. This study applied path analysis modelling to explore the influencing mechanisms of activity-related travel behaviours after relocation. The results showed that residential relocation led to a reduction in commuting time, whereas it was not found to have significant effects on car use for commuting. As for non-working activities and related car use, for activities, travel attitudes and past behaviours had a more positive effect on the frequency of shopping and social network activities than on the effects of service facility accessibility. Car use for these activities tends to be for trips of social network activity. Shopping activities may be replaced by online shopping, and derived trips also reduced. The study contributes to the literature on residential relocation and travel behaviours and to the connection between past behaviours and attitudes and travel behaviours.
{"title":"Exploring the relationship between past and present activity and travel behaviours following residential relocation. A case study from Kunming, China","authors":"Yan He, Xiao Wu","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2020.1821739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2020.1821739","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Residents’ activity-related travel patterns are not only based on short-term decisions but also impacted by long-term factors, such as attitudes and past behaviours that have developed in people’s daily lives. This study examines the impacts of service facility accessibility, past behaviours and travel attitudes on activity-related travel patterns among relocated residents from the urban centre of Kunming, China to a suburb. This study applied path analysis modelling to explore the influencing mechanisms of activity-related travel behaviours after relocation. The results showed that residential relocation led to a reduction in commuting time, whereas it was not found to have significant effects on car use for commuting. As for non-working activities and related car use, for activities, travel attitudes and past behaviours had a more positive effect on the frequency of shopping and social network activities than on the effects of service facility accessibility. Car use for these activities tends to be for trips of social network activity. Shopping activities may be replaced by online shopping, and derived trips also reduced. The study contributes to the literature on residential relocation and travel behaviours and to the connection between past behaviours and attitudes and travel behaviours.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91055646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2020.1823867
Victor H. Valencia, G. Levin, H. Hansen
ABSTRACT Since the late 1980s, the city of Quito shows a considerable expansion of urban land. This study generates plausible scenarios of urban growth that can be applied within urban planning and used for applications, such as projections of transportation needs, or air pollution exposure. We develop a methodology to map urban growth using the LUCIA model. The urban growth is estimated based on land use maps, regulatory constraints, population, proximity, suitability, accessibility to main roads, urban areas, and sub-centralities. The model considers the complex topography of Quito by defining the driving forces according to the elevation of the terrain. The model is calibrated for the period 2000–2016 and satisfactorily evaluated for 2018 applying a cell by cell and spatial pattern comparison. We analyse the effect on the result assessment if small errors nearby the actual and simulated urban land are considered as correct, finding an increase of 30% in the accuracy for one cell of distance. We apply the model to predict the urban growth of Quito between 2016 and 2040. Results show that, if the current trend continues, the urban land will increase by 84% with a continuous fragmentation that stabilizes around the year 2025.
{"title":"Modelling the spatial extent of urban growth using a cellular automata-based model: a case study for Quito, Ecuador","authors":"Victor H. Valencia, G. Levin, H. Hansen","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2020.1823867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2020.1823867","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Since the late 1980s, the city of Quito shows a considerable expansion of urban land. This study generates plausible scenarios of urban growth that can be applied within urban planning and used for applications, such as projections of transportation needs, or air pollution exposure. We develop a methodology to map urban growth using the LUCIA model. The urban growth is estimated based on land use maps, regulatory constraints, population, proximity, suitability, accessibility to main roads, urban areas, and sub-centralities. The model considers the complex topography of Quito by defining the driving forces according to the elevation of the terrain. The model is calibrated for the period 2000–2016 and satisfactorily evaluated for 2018 applying a cell by cell and spatial pattern comparison. We analyse the effect on the result assessment if small errors nearby the actual and simulated urban land are considered as correct, finding an increase of 30% in the accuracy for one cell of distance. We apply the model to predict the urban growth of Quito between 2016 and 2040. Results show that, if the current trend continues, the urban land will increase by 84% with a continuous fragmentation that stabilizes around the year 2025.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76633854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2020.1822195
A. Quesada-Román, Andy Villalobos-Chacón
ABSTRACT Flash floods are one of the most damaging natural hazards in tropics. Seasonal and extraordinary rainfall recurrently trigger flash floods in Costa Rica. Hurricane Otto was the first reported hurricane to have ever passed through Costa Rica. The phenomenon resulted in losses amounting to 190 million US$, leaving four casualties and ca. 69 million US$ of losses in Upala municipality in northern Costa Rica, alone. On November 24, 2016, the passage of Hurricane Otto produced ~300 mm of rain over the study region in 6 h. We carried out a hydrometeorological risk assessment based on population census minimum geostatistical units to present a spatially distributed risk matrix assessment. In addition, we applied an S1 GRD (Ground Range Detected) and VV polarization to Sentinel-1 SAR (synthetic aperture radar) and WorldView-3 and WorldView-4 images to determine the flash-flooded areas just after Hurricane Otto’s impact in the Zapote River, Cabeza de León and Guacalillo sub-basins mainly in Upala municipality. Consequently, we compared the flash-flooded areas with the different previous hydrometeorological risk zones. Flash floods affected ~74 km2 and 56% of these areas coincided with high-risk zones. The results and methodology of this study can be useful to assess extraordinary hydrometeorological hazards in developing and tropical countries.
山洪是热带地区最具破坏性的自然灾害之一。季节性和异常降雨经常引发哥斯达黎加的山洪暴发。飓风奥托是有史以来第一个经过哥斯达黎加的飓风。这一现象造成的损失达1.9亿美元，仅在哥斯达黎加北部的乌帕拉市就造成4人伤亡和约6900万美元的损失。2016年11月24日，飓风奥托通过研究区，在6 h内产生了约300 mm的降雨。我们基于人口普查最小地统计单元进行了水文气象风险评估，给出了空间分布的风险矩阵评估。此外，我们将S1 GRD (Ground Range Detected)和VV偏振图像应用于Sentinel-1 SAR(合成孔径雷达)和WorldView-3和WorldView-4图像，确定了飓风奥托(Otto)影响后主要在Upala市的Zapote河、Cabeza de León和Guacalillo子盆地的暴洪区域。因此，我们将暴洪区与以往不同的水文气象风险区进行了比较。山洪暴发影响了约74平方公里，其中56%的地区属于高危区。这项研究的结果和方法可用于评估发展中国家和热带国家的异常水文气象灾害。
{"title":"Flash flood impacts of Hurricane Otto and hydrometeorological risk mapping in Costa Rica","authors":"A. Quesada-Román, Andy Villalobos-Chacón","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2020.1822195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2020.1822195","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Flash floods are one of the most damaging natural hazards in tropics. Seasonal and extraordinary rainfall recurrently trigger flash floods in Costa Rica. Hurricane Otto was the first reported hurricane to have ever passed through Costa Rica. The phenomenon resulted in losses amounting to 190 million US$, leaving four casualties and ca. 69 million US$ of losses in Upala municipality in northern Costa Rica, alone. On November 24, 2016, the passage of Hurricane Otto produced ~300 mm of rain over the study region in 6 h. We carried out a hydrometeorological risk assessment based on population census minimum geostatistical units to present a spatially distributed risk matrix assessment. In addition, we applied an S1 GRD (Ground Range Detected) and VV polarization to Sentinel-1 SAR (synthetic aperture radar) and WorldView-3 and WorldView-4 images to determine the flash-flooded areas just after Hurricane Otto’s impact in the Zapote River, Cabeza de León and Guacalillo sub-basins mainly in Upala municipality. Consequently, we compared the flash-flooded areas with the different previous hydrometeorological risk zones. Flash floods affected ~74 km2 and 56% of these areas coincided with high-risk zones. The results and methodology of this study can be useful to assess extraordinary hydrometeorological hazards in developing and tropical countries.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76815992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-22DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2020.1769492
A. Gutiérrez, A. Domènech
ABSTRACT This article analyses the spatiality of the proliferation of short-term rentals in Spain. It was based on geolocalised data for all the Airbnb listings in the country. A multiscale analysis enabled us to identify the socio-economic, tourism market and housing stock variables that have had the greatest influence on the proliferation of short-term rental offers. The results obtained confirmed a pattern of concentration that validates our central hypothesis: the uneven distribution of Airbnb listings has a strong spatial correlation with the potential for generating new profits in the housing market. At national level, the urban areas with the highest concentration of Airbnb listings are those with the highest tourist demand. These are the largest cities, coastal tourist regions and archipelagos. At the city level, clusters of Airbnb concentrations are located in central areas where short-term rentals tend to be more expensive. They are also located in working-class neighbourhoods with lower housing prices with great potential for investors due to their proximity to tourist sites. These findings provide new evidence of how the so-called sharing economy is playing a central role in the intensification of the commodification of housing and how this is correlated with the intensive touristification of urban areas.
{"title":"Understanding the spatiality of short-term rentals in Spain: Airbnb and the intensification of the commodification of housing","authors":"A. Gutiérrez, A. Domènech","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2020.1769492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2020.1769492","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article analyses the spatiality of the proliferation of short-term rentals in Spain. It was based on geolocalised data for all the Airbnb listings in the country. A multiscale analysis enabled us to identify the socio-economic, tourism market and housing stock variables that have had the greatest influence on the proliferation of short-term rental offers. The results obtained confirmed a pattern of concentration that validates our central hypothesis: the uneven distribution of Airbnb listings has a strong spatial correlation with the potential for generating new profits in the housing market. At national level, the urban areas with the highest concentration of Airbnb listings are those with the highest tourist demand. These are the largest cities, coastal tourist regions and archipelagos. At the city level, clusters of Airbnb concentrations are located in central areas where short-term rentals tend to be more expensive. They are also located in working-class neighbourhoods with lower housing prices with great potential for investors due to their proximity to tourist sites. These findings provide new evidence of how the so-called sharing economy is playing a central role in the intensification of the commodification of housing and how this is correlated with the intensive touristification of urban areas.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90628163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-16DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2020.1769491
Sabrina Fredin, Alina Lidén
ABSTRACT Despite its relative newness, entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) have attracted much attention from research and policy but they are recognized to be largely untheorized. It is claimed that one aspect which distinguishes the EE perspective from other perspectives related to business environments is its systemic approach; however, much of the systemic approach still needs to be investigated. The aim of this paper is therefore to investigate how the systemic and complex approach of EEs can be theoretically strengthened. We do this by investigating what values complex adaptive system theory holds for advancing the EE perspective. We highlight four propositions which are of particular importance for strengthening the systemic approach of EE: spatial and component boundaries of the system; self-governance; the relational dimension between system components and the system; and the evolution of the system. We propose that boundaries should be seen as a natural part of the system, that a complex system is too complex to capture all components and all interactions, and that studying only individual activities will not enable us to fully understand the system’s behaviour.
{"title":"Entrepreneurial ecosystems: towards a systemic approach to entrepreneurship?","authors":"Sabrina Fredin, Alina Lidén","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2020.1769491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2020.1769491","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite its relative newness, entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) have attracted much attention from research and policy but they are recognized to be largely untheorized. It is claimed that one aspect which distinguishes the EE perspective from other perspectives related to business environments is its systemic approach; however, much of the systemic approach still needs to be investigated. The aim of this paper is therefore to investigate how the systemic and complex approach of EEs can be theoretically strengthened. We do this by investigating what values complex adaptive system theory holds for advancing the EE perspective. We highlight four propositions which are of particular importance for strengthening the systemic approach of EE: spatial and component boundaries of the system; self-governance; the relational dimension between system components and the system; and the evolution of the system. We propose that boundaries should be seen as a natural part of the system, that a complex system is too complex to capture all components and all interactions, and that studying only individual activities will not enable us to fully understand the system’s behaviour.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88391899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2020.1771005
Bo Elberling, S. P. Kristensen
Henrik Breuning-Madsen was born in Frederiksberg. He received a Master degree in physical geography in 1975 and a PhD degree in 1978. In 1983, Breuning-Madsen was awarded a Doctorate degree based on the dissertation “Himmer land’s Soil Conditions” and was subsequently employed at the Ministry of Agriculture. Later, a long and successful university career followed, first as associate professor and in 1991 Breuning-Madsen became full professor of soil geography at the Department of Geography, University of Copenhagen. Breuning-Madsen’s researchwas based on soil retention of water linked to crop root development and thus crop irrigation needs. In the 1980s, Breuning-Madsenworked on a survey of ochre potential soils and developed a new method to map this. Breuning-Madsen was at the same time the leader of a project that collected around 2000 soil profiles, which played a central part for the construction of the Danish Soil Database, which today is among the most detailed soil databases in Europe. From the 1990s BreuningMadsen was involved in establishing a soil analysis database linked to the European soil map, known as European Soil Data Centre (ESDAC). During the period 1991–2015, Breuning-Madsen was responsible for establishing EcoLab, a soil and water analysis laboratory at the University of Ghana in Accra. The purpose was to give Master and Ph.D. students an opportunity to generate empirical data for their dissertations, and hundreds of students have since used the laboratory. Collaboration projects were established between Ghanaian and Danish researchers, and Breuning-Madsen initiated a number of concrete research projects based in Ghana. As part of the activities, Breuning-Madsen initiated the publication of the peer-reviewed journal West African Journal of Applied Ecology. In 1993, a series of unexplainable iron oxide layers were discovered in a Bronze Age burial mound in Denmark. Based on chemical analyses from several burial mounds and the construction of experimental mounds at the Lejre Historical Archaeological Research Centre, BreuningMadsen concluded, that it was the redox processes, which created the iron layers that surround coffins buried in Bronze Age mounds. In 2009, his research focussed on the origins of layers of peat and conserved vegetation in the famous Jelling burial mounds in central Jutland, Denmark. He concluded that the carbon content of clay soil in the VikingAgewas clearly higher than the averagemodern clay soil. This was attributed to the drainage of clay soils after 1850. These projects are exemplary of his great interest in historical and archaeological research, which became the focus of many innovative projects, frequently in collaboration with the National Museum in Denmark. Henrik Breuning-Madsen played a key role in the management of the Royal Danish Geographical Society for several decades. He joined the Society management as a board member in 2004 and was elected vice-president in 2015, a position he held wit
{"title":"Henrik Breuning-Madsen (1949-2018)","authors":"Bo Elberling, S. P. Kristensen","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2020.1771005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2020.1771005","url":null,"abstract":"Henrik Breuning-Madsen was born in Frederiksberg. He received a Master degree in physical geography in 1975 and a PhD degree in 1978. In 1983, Breuning-Madsen was awarded a Doctorate degree based on the dissertation “Himmer land’s Soil Conditions” and was subsequently employed at the Ministry of Agriculture. Later, a long and successful university career followed, first as associate professor and in 1991 Breuning-Madsen became full professor of soil geography at the Department of Geography, University of Copenhagen. Breuning-Madsen’s researchwas based on soil retention of water linked to crop root development and thus crop irrigation needs. In the 1980s, Breuning-Madsenworked on a survey of ochre potential soils and developed a new method to map this. Breuning-Madsen was at the same time the leader of a project that collected around 2000 soil profiles, which played a central part for the construction of the Danish Soil Database, which today is among the most detailed soil databases in Europe. From the 1990s BreuningMadsen was involved in establishing a soil analysis database linked to the European soil map, known as European Soil Data Centre (ESDAC). During the period 1991–2015, Breuning-Madsen was responsible for establishing EcoLab, a soil and water analysis laboratory at the University of Ghana in Accra. The purpose was to give Master and Ph.D. students an opportunity to generate empirical data for their dissertations, and hundreds of students have since used the laboratory. Collaboration projects were established between Ghanaian and Danish researchers, and Breuning-Madsen initiated a number of concrete research projects based in Ghana. As part of the activities, Breuning-Madsen initiated the publication of the peer-reviewed journal West African Journal of Applied Ecology. In 1993, a series of unexplainable iron oxide layers were discovered in a Bronze Age burial mound in Denmark. Based on chemical analyses from several burial mounds and the construction of experimental mounds at the Lejre Historical Archaeological Research Centre, BreuningMadsen concluded, that it was the redox processes, which created the iron layers that surround coffins buried in Bronze Age mounds. In 2009, his research focussed on the origins of layers of peat and conserved vegetation in the famous Jelling burial mounds in central Jutland, Denmark. He concluded that the carbon content of clay soil in the VikingAgewas clearly higher than the averagemodern clay soil. This was attributed to the drainage of clay soils after 1850. These projects are exemplary of his great interest in historical and archaeological research, which became the focus of many innovative projects, frequently in collaboration with the National Museum in Denmark. Henrik Breuning-Madsen played a key role in the management of the Royal Danish Geographical Society for several decades. He joined the Society management as a board member in 2004 and was elected vice-president in 2015, a position he held wit","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91139527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2019.1693903
Robert Osman, Ondřej Šerý, Filip Alexandrescu, J. Malý, Ondřej Mulíček
ABSTRACT The paper deals with the process of establishing inter-municipal cooperation among towns, particularly among towns in a polycentric settlement system. Emphasis is on the specific temporal context of transition from a central administration to a decentralized form. For a more detailed analysis, the territory of the eastern part of Pardubice region, Czech Republic was chosen as the study area. Our research question therefore aims at the mechanisms of cooperation experimented with by the representatives of individual towns and it reads: “Which forms of inter-municipal cooperation can capitalize on a polycentric settlement system following the dismantling of the socialist centralized governance system?” To answer this question, semi-structured interviews were conducted with authorities of towns of the area. Based on the analysis of interviews, we show four distinct stages in establishing mutual cooperation were determined: stakes, emerging border areas, connecting projects and joint territory management. They are not stages in terms of discrete periods of time, but phases in a process of getting new experience with cooperation among municipalities. Findings are that a new strategic action field needs to be established in order to achieve a form of inter-municipal cooperation that would enable to gain the benefits of a polycentric post-socialist region.
{"title":"The establishment of inter-municipal cooperation: the case of a polycentric post-socialist region","authors":"Robert Osman, Ondřej Šerý, Filip Alexandrescu, J. Malý, Ondřej Mulíček","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2019.1693903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2019.1693903","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The paper deals with the process of establishing inter-municipal cooperation among towns, particularly among towns in a polycentric settlement system. Emphasis is on the specific temporal context of transition from a central administration to a decentralized form. For a more detailed analysis, the territory of the eastern part of Pardubice region, Czech Republic was chosen as the study area. Our research question therefore aims at the mechanisms of cooperation experimented with by the representatives of individual towns and it reads: “Which forms of inter-municipal cooperation can capitalize on a polycentric settlement system following the dismantling of the socialist centralized governance system?” To answer this question, semi-structured interviews were conducted with authorities of towns of the area. Based on the analysis of interviews, we show four distinct stages in establishing mutual cooperation were determined: stakes, emerging border areas, connecting projects and joint territory management. They are not stages in terms of discrete periods of time, but phases in a process of getting new experience with cooperation among municipalities. Findings are that a new strategic action field needs to be established in order to achieve a form of inter-municipal cooperation that would enable to gain the benefits of a polycentric post-socialist region.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88592522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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