Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2020.1823867
Victor H. Valencia, G. Levin, H. Hansen
ABSTRACT Since the late 1980s, the city of Quito shows a considerable expansion of urban land. This study generates plausible scenarios of urban growth that can be applied within urban planning and used for applications, such as projections of transportation needs, or air pollution exposure. We develop a methodology to map urban growth using the LUCIA model. The urban growth is estimated based on land use maps, regulatory constraints, population, proximity, suitability, accessibility to main roads, urban areas, and sub-centralities. The model considers the complex topography of Quito by defining the driving forces according to the elevation of the terrain. The model is calibrated for the period 2000–2016 and satisfactorily evaluated for 2018 applying a cell by cell and spatial pattern comparison. We analyse the effect on the result assessment if small errors nearby the actual and simulated urban land are considered as correct, finding an increase of 30% in the accuracy for one cell of distance. We apply the model to predict the urban growth of Quito between 2016 and 2040. Results show that, if the current trend continues, the urban land will increase by 84% with a continuous fragmentation that stabilizes around the year 2025.
{"title":"Modelling the spatial extent of urban growth using a cellular automata-based model: a case study for Quito, Ecuador","authors":"Victor H. Valencia, G. Levin, H. Hansen","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2020.1823867","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2020.1823867","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Since the late 1980s, the city of Quito shows a considerable expansion of urban land. This study generates plausible scenarios of urban growth that can be applied within urban planning and used for applications, such as projections of transportation needs, or air pollution exposure. We develop a methodology to map urban growth using the LUCIA model. The urban growth is estimated based on land use maps, regulatory constraints, population, proximity, suitability, accessibility to main roads, urban areas, and sub-centralities. The model considers the complex topography of Quito by defining the driving forces according to the elevation of the terrain. The model is calibrated for the period 2000–2016 and satisfactorily evaluated for 2018 applying a cell by cell and spatial pattern comparison. We analyse the effect on the result assessment if small errors nearby the actual and simulated urban land are considered as correct, finding an increase of 30% in the accuracy for one cell of distance. We apply the model to predict the urban growth of Quito between 2016 and 2040. Results show that, if the current trend continues, the urban land will increase by 84% with a continuous fragmentation that stabilizes around the year 2025.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":"39 1","pages":"156 - 173"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76633854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-07-02DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2020.1822195
A. Quesada-Román, Andy Villalobos-Chacón
ABSTRACT Flash floods are one of the most damaging natural hazards in tropics. Seasonal and extraordinary rainfall recurrently trigger flash floods in Costa Rica. Hurricane Otto was the first reported hurricane to have ever passed through Costa Rica. The phenomenon resulted in losses amounting to 190 million US$, leaving four casualties and ca. 69 million US$ of losses in Upala municipality in northern Costa Rica, alone. On November 24, 2016, the passage of Hurricane Otto produced ~300 mm of rain over the study region in 6 h. We carried out a hydrometeorological risk assessment based on population census minimum geostatistical units to present a spatially distributed risk matrix assessment. In addition, we applied an S1 GRD (Ground Range Detected) and VV polarization to Sentinel-1 SAR (synthetic aperture radar) and WorldView-3 and WorldView-4 images to determine the flash-flooded areas just after Hurricane Otto’s impact in the Zapote River, Cabeza de León and Guacalillo sub-basins mainly in Upala municipality. Consequently, we compared the flash-flooded areas with the different previous hydrometeorological risk zones. Flash floods affected ~74 km2 and 56% of these areas coincided with high-risk zones. The results and methodology of this study can be useful to assess extraordinary hydrometeorological hazards in developing and tropical countries.
山洪是热带地区最具破坏性的自然灾害之一。季节性和异常降雨经常引发哥斯达黎加的山洪暴发。飓风奥托是有史以来第一个经过哥斯达黎加的飓风。这一现象造成的损失达1.9亿美元，仅在哥斯达黎加北部的乌帕拉市就造成4人伤亡和约6900万美元的损失。2016年11月24日，飓风奥托通过研究区，在6 h内产生了约300 mm的降雨。我们基于人口普查最小地统计单元进行了水文气象风险评估，给出了空间分布的风险矩阵评估。此外，我们将S1 GRD (Ground Range Detected)和VV偏振图像应用于Sentinel-1 SAR(合成孔径雷达)和WorldView-3和WorldView-4图像，确定了飓风奥托(Otto)影响后主要在Upala市的Zapote河、Cabeza de León和Guacalillo子盆地的暴洪区域。因此，我们将暴洪区与以往不同的水文气象风险区进行了比较。山洪暴发影响了约74平方公里，其中56%的地区属于高危区。这项研究的结果和方法可用于评估发展中国家和热带国家的异常水文气象灾害。
{"title":"Flash flood impacts of Hurricane Otto and hydrometeorological risk mapping in Costa Rica","authors":"A. Quesada-Román, Andy Villalobos-Chacón","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2020.1822195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2020.1822195","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Flash floods are one of the most damaging natural hazards in tropics. Seasonal and extraordinary rainfall recurrently trigger flash floods in Costa Rica. Hurricane Otto was the first reported hurricane to have ever passed through Costa Rica. The phenomenon resulted in losses amounting to 190 million US$, leaving four casualties and ca. 69 million US$ of losses in Upala municipality in northern Costa Rica, alone. On November 24, 2016, the passage of Hurricane Otto produced ~300 mm of rain over the study region in 6 h. We carried out a hydrometeorological risk assessment based on population census minimum geostatistical units to present a spatially distributed risk matrix assessment. In addition, we applied an S1 GRD (Ground Range Detected) and VV polarization to Sentinel-1 SAR (synthetic aperture radar) and WorldView-3 and WorldView-4 images to determine the flash-flooded areas just after Hurricane Otto’s impact in the Zapote River, Cabeza de León and Guacalillo sub-basins mainly in Upala municipality. Consequently, we compared the flash-flooded areas with the different previous hydrometeorological risk zones. Flash floods affected ~74 km2 and 56% of these areas coincided with high-risk zones. The results and methodology of this study can be useful to assess extraordinary hydrometeorological hazards in developing and tropical countries.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":"55 1","pages":"142 - 155"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76815992","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-22DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2020.1769492
A. Gutiérrez, A. Domènech
ABSTRACT This article analyses the spatiality of the proliferation of short-term rentals in Spain. It was based on geolocalised data for all the Airbnb listings in the country. A multiscale analysis enabled us to identify the socio-economic, tourism market and housing stock variables that have had the greatest influence on the proliferation of short-term rental offers. The results obtained confirmed a pattern of concentration that validates our central hypothesis: the uneven distribution of Airbnb listings has a strong spatial correlation with the potential for generating new profits in the housing market. At national level, the urban areas with the highest concentration of Airbnb listings are those with the highest tourist demand. These are the largest cities, coastal tourist regions and archipelagos. At the city level, clusters of Airbnb concentrations are located in central areas where short-term rentals tend to be more expensive. They are also located in working-class neighbourhoods with lower housing prices with great potential for investors due to their proximity to tourist sites. These findings provide new evidence of how the so-called sharing economy is playing a central role in the intensification of the commodification of housing and how this is correlated with the intensive touristification of urban areas.
{"title":"Understanding the spatiality of short-term rentals in Spain: Airbnb and the intensification of the commodification of housing","authors":"A. Gutiérrez, A. Domènech","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2020.1769492","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2020.1769492","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article analyses the spatiality of the proliferation of short-term rentals in Spain. It was based on geolocalised data for all the Airbnb listings in the country. A multiscale analysis enabled us to identify the socio-economic, tourism market and housing stock variables that have had the greatest influence on the proliferation of short-term rental offers. The results obtained confirmed a pattern of concentration that validates our central hypothesis: the uneven distribution of Airbnb listings has a strong spatial correlation with the potential for generating new profits in the housing market. At national level, the urban areas with the highest concentration of Airbnb listings are those with the highest tourist demand. These are the largest cities, coastal tourist regions and archipelagos. At the city level, clusters of Airbnb concentrations are located in central areas where short-term rentals tend to be more expensive. They are also located in working-class neighbourhoods with lower housing prices with great potential for investors due to their proximity to tourist sites. These findings provide new evidence of how the so-called sharing economy is playing a central role in the intensification of the commodification of housing and how this is correlated with the intensive touristification of urban areas.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":"6 1","pages":"98 - 113"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-06-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90628163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-06-16DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2020.1769491
Sabrina Fredin, Alina Lidén
ABSTRACT Despite its relative newness, entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) have attracted much attention from research and policy but they are recognized to be largely untheorized. It is claimed that one aspect which distinguishes the EE perspective from other perspectives related to business environments is its systemic approach; however, much of the systemic approach still needs to be investigated. The aim of this paper is therefore to investigate how the systemic and complex approach of EEs can be theoretically strengthened. We do this by investigating what values complex adaptive system theory holds for advancing the EE perspective. We highlight four propositions which are of particular importance for strengthening the systemic approach of EE: spatial and component boundaries of the system; self-governance; the relational dimension between system components and the system; and the evolution of the system. We propose that boundaries should be seen as a natural part of the system, that a complex system is too complex to capture all components and all interactions, and that studying only individual activities will not enable us to fully understand the system’s behaviour.
{"title":"Entrepreneurial ecosystems: towards a systemic approach to entrepreneurship?","authors":"Sabrina Fredin, Alina Lidén","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2020.1769491","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2020.1769491","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Despite its relative newness, entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) have attracted much attention from research and policy but they are recognized to be largely untheorized. It is claimed that one aspect which distinguishes the EE perspective from other perspectives related to business environments is its systemic approach; however, much of the systemic approach still needs to be investigated. The aim of this paper is therefore to investigate how the systemic and complex approach of EEs can be theoretically strengthened. We do this by investigating what values complex adaptive system theory holds for advancing the EE perspective. We highlight four propositions which are of particular importance for strengthening the systemic approach of EE: spatial and component boundaries of the system; self-governance; the relational dimension between system components and the system; and the evolution of the system. We propose that boundaries should be seen as a natural part of the system, that a complex system is too complex to capture all components and all interactions, and that studying only individual activities will not enable us to fully understand the system’s behaviour.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":"175 1","pages":"87 - 97"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88391899","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2020.1771005
Bo Elberling, S. P. Kristensen
Henrik Breuning-Madsen was born in Frederiksberg. He received a Master degree in physical geography in 1975 and a PhD degree in 1978. In 1983, Breuning-Madsen was awarded a Doctorate degree based on the dissertation “Himmer land’s Soil Conditions” and was subsequently employed at the Ministry of Agriculture. Later, a long and successful university career followed, first as associate professor and in 1991 Breuning-Madsen became full professor of soil geography at the Department of Geography, University of Copenhagen. Breuning-Madsen’s researchwas based on soil retention of water linked to crop root development and thus crop irrigation needs. In the 1980s, Breuning-Madsenworked on a survey of ochre potential soils and developed a new method to map this. Breuning-Madsen was at the same time the leader of a project that collected around 2000 soil profiles, which played a central part for the construction of the Danish Soil Database, which today is among the most detailed soil databases in Europe. From the 1990s BreuningMadsen was involved in establishing a soil analysis database linked to the European soil map, known as European Soil Data Centre (ESDAC). During the period 1991–2015, Breuning-Madsen was responsible for establishing EcoLab, a soil and water analysis laboratory at the University of Ghana in Accra. The purpose was to give Master and Ph.D. students an opportunity to generate empirical data for their dissertations, and hundreds of students have since used the laboratory. Collaboration projects were established between Ghanaian and Danish researchers, and Breuning-Madsen initiated a number of concrete research projects based in Ghana. As part of the activities, Breuning-Madsen initiated the publication of the peer-reviewed journal West African Journal of Applied Ecology. In 1993, a series of unexplainable iron oxide layers were discovered in a Bronze Age burial mound in Denmark. Based on chemical analyses from several burial mounds and the construction of experimental mounds at the Lejre Historical Archaeological Research Centre, BreuningMadsen concluded, that it was the redox processes, which created the iron layers that surround coffins buried in Bronze Age mounds. In 2009, his research focussed on the origins of layers of peat and conserved vegetation in the famous Jelling burial mounds in central Jutland, Denmark. He concluded that the carbon content of clay soil in the VikingAgewas clearly higher than the averagemodern clay soil. This was attributed to the drainage of clay soils after 1850. These projects are exemplary of his great interest in historical and archaeological research, which became the focus of many innovative projects, frequently in collaboration with the National Museum in Denmark. Henrik Breuning-Madsen played a key role in the management of the Royal Danish Geographical Society for several decades. He joined the Society management as a board member in 2004 and was elected vice-president in 2015, a position he held wit
{"title":"Henrik Breuning-Madsen (1949-2018)","authors":"Bo Elberling, S. P. Kristensen","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2020.1771005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2020.1771005","url":null,"abstract":"Henrik Breuning-Madsen was born in Frederiksberg. He received a Master degree in physical geography in 1975 and a PhD degree in 1978. In 1983, Breuning-Madsen was awarded a Doctorate degree based on the dissertation “Himmer land’s Soil Conditions” and was subsequently employed at the Ministry of Agriculture. Later, a long and successful university career followed, first as associate professor and in 1991 Breuning-Madsen became full professor of soil geography at the Department of Geography, University of Copenhagen. Breuning-Madsen’s researchwas based on soil retention of water linked to crop root development and thus crop irrigation needs. In the 1980s, Breuning-Madsenworked on a survey of ochre potential soils and developed a new method to map this. Breuning-Madsen was at the same time the leader of a project that collected around 2000 soil profiles, which played a central part for the construction of the Danish Soil Database, which today is among the most detailed soil databases in Europe. From the 1990s BreuningMadsen was involved in establishing a soil analysis database linked to the European soil map, known as European Soil Data Centre (ESDAC). During the period 1991–2015, Breuning-Madsen was responsible for establishing EcoLab, a soil and water analysis laboratory at the University of Ghana in Accra. The purpose was to give Master and Ph.D. students an opportunity to generate empirical data for their dissertations, and hundreds of students have since used the laboratory. Collaboration projects were established between Ghanaian and Danish researchers, and Breuning-Madsen initiated a number of concrete research projects based in Ghana. As part of the activities, Breuning-Madsen initiated the publication of the peer-reviewed journal West African Journal of Applied Ecology. In 1993, a series of unexplainable iron oxide layers were discovered in a Bronze Age burial mound in Denmark. Based on chemical analyses from several burial mounds and the construction of experimental mounds at the Lejre Historical Archaeological Research Centre, BreuningMadsen concluded, that it was the redox processes, which created the iron layers that surround coffins buried in Bronze Age mounds. In 2009, his research focussed on the origins of layers of peat and conserved vegetation in the famous Jelling burial mounds in central Jutland, Denmark. He concluded that the carbon content of clay soil in the VikingAgewas clearly higher than the averagemodern clay soil. This was attributed to the drainage of clay soils after 1850. These projects are exemplary of his great interest in historical and archaeological research, which became the focus of many innovative projects, frequently in collaboration with the National Museum in Denmark. Henrik Breuning-Madsen played a key role in the management of the Royal Danish Geographical Society for several decades. He joined the Society management as a board member in 2004 and was elected vice-president in 2015, a position he held wit","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":"63 2 1","pages":"1 - 1"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91139527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2019.1693903
Robert Osman, Ondřej Šerý, Filip Alexandrescu, J. Malý, Ondřej Mulíček
ABSTRACT The paper deals with the process of establishing inter-municipal cooperation among towns, particularly among towns in a polycentric settlement system. Emphasis is on the specific temporal context of transition from a central administration to a decentralized form. For a more detailed analysis, the territory of the eastern part of Pardubice region, Czech Republic was chosen as the study area. Our research question therefore aims at the mechanisms of cooperation experimented with by the representatives of individual towns and it reads: “Which forms of inter-municipal cooperation can capitalize on a polycentric settlement system following the dismantling of the socialist centralized governance system?” To answer this question, semi-structured interviews were conducted with authorities of towns of the area. Based on the analysis of interviews, we show four distinct stages in establishing mutual cooperation were determined: stakes, emerging border areas, connecting projects and joint territory management. They are not stages in terms of discrete periods of time, but phases in a process of getting new experience with cooperation among municipalities. Findings are that a new strategic action field needs to be established in order to achieve a form of inter-municipal cooperation that would enable to gain the benefits of a polycentric post-socialist region.
{"title":"The establishment of inter-municipal cooperation: the case of a polycentric post-socialist region","authors":"Robert Osman, Ondřej Šerý, Filip Alexandrescu, J. Malý, Ondřej Mulíček","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2019.1693903","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2019.1693903","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The paper deals with the process of establishing inter-municipal cooperation among towns, particularly among towns in a polycentric settlement system. Emphasis is on the specific temporal context of transition from a central administration to a decentralized form. For a more detailed analysis, the territory of the eastern part of Pardubice region, Czech Republic was chosen as the study area. Our research question therefore aims at the mechanisms of cooperation experimented with by the representatives of individual towns and it reads: “Which forms of inter-municipal cooperation can capitalize on a polycentric settlement system following the dismantling of the socialist centralized governance system?” To answer this question, semi-structured interviews were conducted with authorities of towns of the area. Based on the analysis of interviews, we show four distinct stages in establishing mutual cooperation were determined: stakes, emerging border areas, connecting projects and joint territory management. They are not stages in terms of discrete periods of time, but phases in a process of getting new experience with cooperation among municipalities. Findings are that a new strategic action field needs to be established in order to achieve a form of inter-municipal cooperation that would enable to gain the benefits of a polycentric post-socialist region.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":"81 1","pages":"18 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88592522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2020.1762501
Lenka Janýšková, Jaromír Harmáček
ABSTRACT The paper investigates the factors influencing the number of asylum applications lodged in Denmark. We conduct an analysis of 190 countries of origin over the years 2005–2015. Using panel data and bilaterally expressed variables, we apply the tobit model and the negative binomial regression method for all potential countries of origin as well as for developing countries only. Our results show that among the most significant determinants of the number of asylum applications in Denmark belong the level of political stability and absence of violence, stock of immigrants, extent of freedom, as well as the distance between an origin country and Denmark. When we test these factors under the condition of a violent conflict in countries or origin, we find that their effects decrease. While for some variables, this decline is substantial, suggesting the primary role of conflicts among the push factors, some others (such as distance) remain highly significant.
{"title":"Seeking asylum in Denmark: analysis of determinants in 2005–2015","authors":"Lenka Janýšková, Jaromír Harmáček","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2020.1762501","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2020.1762501","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The paper investigates the factors influencing the number of asylum applications lodged in Denmark. We conduct an analysis of 190 countries of origin over the years 2005–2015. Using panel data and bilaterally expressed variables, we apply the tobit model and the negative binomial regression method for all potential countries of origin as well as for developing countries only. Our results show that among the most significant determinants of the number of asylum applications in Denmark belong the level of political stability and absence of violence, stock of immigrants, extent of freedom, as well as the distance between an origin country and Denmark. When we test these factors under the condition of a violent conflict in countries or origin, we find that their effects decrease. While for some variables, this decline is substantial, suggesting the primary role of conflicts among the push factors, some others (such as distance) remain highly significant.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":"18 1","pages":"51 - 66"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75850450","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2020.1767669
Daniel Rauhut, Olga Rauhut Kompaniets
ABSTRACT This paper aims to explicate and discuss the main methods of measuring the effects of place marketing. Rather than favouring one method over another a priori, we seek to understand each method on its own terms in order to illuminate key assumptions and hypotheses. Additionally, we compare and contrast the different methods to reveal areas of logical inconsistency. Generally, the impact of place marketing activities is dominated by fragmented, often single case studies, analysed using qualitative methods. The methods hitherto developed to measure the effect of place marketing activities posit causal mechanisms in line with simple ex ante/ex post comparisons. As place marketing appears to be “political” and policy oriented, the need to understand what happens in the policy process and the context in which marketing activities take place is paramount, we need to unfold the political process so as to understand why and how some place marketing activities work, and others do not.
{"title":"How to measure the impact of place marketing activities: a methodological discussion","authors":"Daniel Rauhut, Olga Rauhut Kompaniets","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2020.1767669","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2020.1767669","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This paper aims to explicate and discuss the main methods of measuring the effects of place marketing. Rather than favouring one method over another a priori, we seek to understand each method on its own terms in order to illuminate key assumptions and hypotheses. Additionally, we compare and contrast the different methods to reveal areas of logical inconsistency. Generally, the impact of place marketing activities is dominated by fragmented, often single case studies, analysed using qualitative methods. The methods hitherto developed to measure the effect of place marketing activities posit causal mechanisms in line with simple ex ante/ex post comparisons. As place marketing appears to be “political” and policy oriented, the need to understand what happens in the policy process and the context in which marketing activities take place is paramount, we need to unfold the political process so as to understand why and how some place marketing activities work, and others do not.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":"62 1","pages":"67 - 78"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73569034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2020.1733432
Stacy‐ann Robinson, C. Wren
ABSTRACT Caribbean small island communities are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. While climate policy is often formulated at the national level, climate impacts are first felt in local communities. This research note, which is part of a larger research project on climate change adaptation in Caribbean coastal communities, reviews the recent literature on human system adaptations to climate change at the local level in the Caribbean. It seeks to answer two questions: (1) How are human systems at the local level adapting to climate change in the Caribbean? (2) What challenges exist for local-level climate adaptations in human systems that seek to protect vulnerable communities in the Caribbean? The studies reviewed highlight the importance of considering the vulnerability of sub-populations, protecting their livelihoods, and pursuing institutional cooperation at the local and national levels. In interrogating whether the recommendations for community adaptations in the literature are transferrable to other geographies, this note further emphasizes that understanding the challenges that communities face in protecting human systems against climate change can help policy-makers develop more effective adaptation strategies that centre climate justice.
{"title":"Geographies of vulnerability: a research note on human system adaptations to climate change in the Caribbean","authors":"Stacy‐ann Robinson, C. Wren","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2020.1733432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2020.1733432","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Caribbean small island communities are particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. While climate policy is often formulated at the national level, climate impacts are first felt in local communities. This research note, which is part of a larger research project on climate change adaptation in Caribbean coastal communities, reviews the recent literature on human system adaptations to climate change at the local level in the Caribbean. It seeks to answer two questions: (1) How are human systems at the local level adapting to climate change in the Caribbean? (2) What challenges exist for local-level climate adaptations in human systems that seek to protect vulnerable communities in the Caribbean? The studies reviewed highlight the importance of considering the vulnerability of sub-populations, protecting their livelihoods, and pursuing institutional cooperation at the local and national levels. In interrogating whether the recommendations for community adaptations in the literature are transferrable to other geographies, this note further emphasizes that understanding the challenges that communities face in protecting human systems against climate change can help policy-makers develop more effective adaptation strategies that centre climate justice.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":"7 1","pages":"79 - 86"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88563402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2020.1752272
S. Guha, H. Govil, A. Dey, N. Gill
ABSTRACT Land surface temperature (LST) depends primarily on the land surface material and climatic conditions. The present study focuses on deriving the LST of Raipur City and generating the relationship between LST and some land surface indices, like NDVI, NDWI, NDBI, NMDI, and NDBaI for better land-use planning and environmental management inside the city. These land surface indices respond in different ways with the changes of LST in an urban landscape. There are only a few numbers of research works available on the relationship of LST and land surface indices in a tropical city for pre-monsoon season. The present study has been performed on a total of fifteen multi-date Landsat data sets of the pre-monsoon season from 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018. The mono-window algorithm has been applied in retrieving the LST. Results show that LST builds a positive relation with NDBI, NDBaI, and NDWI and a negative relation with NDVI and NMDI. These relationships are stronger in the area below mean LST (low LST zones) and weaker in the area above mean LST (high LST zones). It indicates that the values of LST are largely influenced by the different land surfaces, like vegetation, water, soil, and built-up area.
{"title":"A case study on the relationship between land surface temperature and land surface indices in Raipur City, India","authors":"S. Guha, H. Govil, A. Dey, N. Gill","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2020.1752272","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2020.1752272","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Land surface temperature (LST) depends primarily on the land surface material and climatic conditions. The present study focuses on deriving the LST of Raipur City and generating the relationship between LST and some land surface indices, like NDVI, NDWI, NDBI, NMDI, and NDBaI for better land-use planning and environmental management inside the city. These land surface indices respond in different ways with the changes of LST in an urban landscape. There are only a few numbers of research works available on the relationship of LST and land surface indices in a tropical city for pre-monsoon season. The present study has been performed on a total of fifteen multi-date Landsat data sets of the pre-monsoon season from 2002, 2006, 2010, 2014, and 2018. The mono-window algorithm has been applied in retrieving the LST. Results show that LST builds a positive relation with NDBI, NDBaI, and NDWI and a negative relation with NDVI and NMDI. These relationships are stronger in the area below mean LST (low LST zones) and weaker in the area above mean LST (high LST zones). It indicates that the values of LST are largely influenced by the different land surfaces, like vegetation, water, soil, and built-up area.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":"5 1","pages":"35 - 50"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2020-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78863391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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