Pub Date : 2019-01-02DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2019.1573352
Pernille Cuisy Svensson, M. Pasgaard
ABSTRACT Net negative emissions are essential for realizing the two-degree maximum warming target agreed by the world leaders in Paris 2015 for mitigating predicted climate change impacts, which are often framed as threats to human security, globally and locally. Geoengineering offers an immediate response to climate change which might instantly offset these “dangerous” impacts by deliberately altering the climate system to cool the planet. This arguably places geoengineering experts at the centre of future climate change and security policies. Based on empirical data from interviews with renowned geoengineering scientists, this article explores how these geoengineering specialists label and delimit their work when seeking to claim scientific expertise and autonomy from security politics, while arguing for the relevance of their research on climate change. The study shows an ambiguity between how the geoengineering specialists see the scientific potential of their research, and their unease towards the security applications of this very research. A clear distinction between “geoengineering” and “geopolitics” is drawn and upheld using different rhetorical styles, but dissolves when personal strategies and security politics emerge. On this background, the article discusses the imaginary boundary between (security) politics and (geoengineering) expertise, and suggests more transparent and reflexive science in society.
{"title":"How geoengineering scientists perceive their role in climate security politics – from concern and unease to strategic positioning","authors":"Pernille Cuisy Svensson, M. Pasgaard","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2019.1573352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2019.1573352","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Net negative emissions are essential for realizing the two-degree maximum warming target agreed by the world leaders in Paris 2015 for mitigating predicted climate change impacts, which are often framed as threats to human security, globally and locally. Geoengineering offers an immediate response to climate change which might instantly offset these “dangerous” impacts by deliberately altering the climate system to cool the planet. This arguably places geoengineering experts at the centre of future climate change and security policies. Based on empirical data from interviews with renowned geoengineering scientists, this article explores how these geoengineering specialists label and delimit their work when seeking to claim scientific expertise and autonomy from security politics, while arguing for the relevance of their research on climate change. The study shows an ambiguity between how the geoengineering specialists see the scientific potential of their research, and their unease towards the security applications of this very research. A clear distinction between “geoengineering” and “geopolitics” is drawn and upheld using different rhetorical styles, but dissolves when personal strategies and security politics emerge. On this background, the article discusses the imaginary boundary between (security) politics and (geoengineering) expertise, and suggests more transparent and reflexive science in society.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":"1 1","pages":"84 - 93"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75304348","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-12-13DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2018.1556105
Hanne Van den Berghe, W. Gheyle, N. Note, B. Stichelbaut, M. Van Meirvenne, J. Bourgeois, V. Van Eetvelde
ABSTRACT The surface scars of the First World War (WWI; 1914–1918) are rapidly disappearing due to modern and fast changing landscapes. Therefore, there is a need to monitor landscape relicts that mark our past. This study examines depressions caused by shelling. These shell holes are still present today and are one of the last remains of the military impact during the 4 years long stalemate on the Western Front. Shell hole landscapes are until now overlooked in landscape research and little attention is given to the causes behind the absence or presence of these shell holes in the present-day micro-topography. This paper aims to identify these causes by using digital interdisciplinary techniques on a landscape scale: Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) giving insights into the presence of the shell holes today, landscape maps indicating the evolution of land use/land cover in the past century and a shell hole density map representing the situation of 1918. Results revealed that the WWI shell hole landscape is still abundantly present today, and where it has disappeared, a direct link was found to land use/land cover transformations and the intensity level of cultivated fields from past to present. To work towards a sustainable management of WWI heritage, these findings are indispensable.
{"title":"Revealing the preservation of First World War shell hole landscapes based on a landscape change study and LiDAR","authors":"Hanne Van den Berghe, W. Gheyle, N. Note, B. Stichelbaut, M. Van Meirvenne, J. Bourgeois, V. Van Eetvelde","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2018.1556105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2018.1556105","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The surface scars of the First World War (WWI; 1914–1918) are rapidly disappearing due to modern and fast changing landscapes. Therefore, there is a need to monitor landscape relicts that mark our past. This study examines depressions caused by shelling. These shell holes are still present today and are one of the last remains of the military impact during the 4 years long stalemate on the Western Front. Shell hole landscapes are until now overlooked in landscape research and little attention is given to the causes behind the absence or presence of these shell holes in the present-day micro-topography. This paper aims to identify these causes by using digital interdisciplinary techniques on a landscape scale: Light detection and ranging (LiDAR) giving insights into the presence of the shell holes today, landscape maps indicating the evolution of land use/land cover in the past century and a shell hole density map representing the situation of 1918. Results revealed that the WWI shell hole landscape is still abundantly present today, and where it has disappeared, a direct link was found to land use/land cover transformations and the intensity level of cultivated fields from past to present. To work towards a sustainable management of WWI heritage, these findings are indispensable.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":"5 1","pages":"38 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2018-12-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86687955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-25DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2018.1537797
Eva Kerselaers, G. Levin
ABSTRACT Worldwide, loss of farmland due to transition to other land uses is recognized as a major challenge. Data from the Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS) are potentially useful to assess agricultural land use dynamics as they contain detailed information on agricultural land use. In this paper, we therefore analyse data from two individual studies, one from Flanders and one from Denmark, to explore whether LPIS data are applicable to assess farmland loss. Our results show that in both Flanders and Denmark, around 4.5% of the total registered farmland area in LPIS was lost in a 5-year period (2008–2013 for Flanders and 2011–2016 for Denmark). Complementary land use data and aerial photo interpretation reveal that the majority of lost registered farmland still was in agricultural use after 5 years. Hence, the confirmed loss was only around 0.5% for Flanders and Denmark. We conclude that both Flemish and Danish LPIS data only with some difficulty are able to quantify loss of farmland and therefore question if LPIS data alone are suitable to assess change in farmland area. The major part of farmland leaving the register is most likely related to a general change in agricultural structure.
{"title":"Applying LPIS data to assess loss of agricultural land – experiences from Flanders and Denmark","authors":"Eva Kerselaers, G. Levin","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2018.1537797","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2018.1537797","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Worldwide, loss of farmland due to transition to other land uses is recognized as a major challenge. Data from the Land Parcel Identification System (LPIS) are potentially useful to assess agricultural land use dynamics as they contain detailed information on agricultural land use. In this paper, we therefore analyse data from two individual studies, one from Flanders and one from Denmark, to explore whether LPIS data are applicable to assess farmland loss. Our results show that in both Flanders and Denmark, around 4.5% of the total registered farmland area in LPIS was lost in a 5-year period (2008–2013 for Flanders and 2011–2016 for Denmark). Complementary land use data and aerial photo interpretation reveal that the majority of lost registered farmland still was in agricultural use after 5 years. Hence, the confirmed loss was only around 0.5% for Flanders and Denmark. We conclude that both Flemish and Danish LPIS data only with some difficulty are able to quantify loss of farmland and therefore question if LPIS data alone are suitable to assess change in farmland area. The major part of farmland leaving the register is most likely related to a general change in agricultural structure.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":"63 1","pages":"17 - 29"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2018-10-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74414531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-15DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2018.1528555
Christian Fertner, Andreas Aagaard Christensen, P. S. Andersen, A. S. Olafsson, Søren Præstholm, O. H. Caspersen, Julien Grunfelder
ABSTRACT Profound digitalization of public administration is gaining momentum and spatial planning is no exception. To increase the transparency of planning and its usefulness for public and private actors, planning authorities have integrated production and online distribution of digital plan data within existing planning practices and workflows. Many European countries have established public spatial planning databases. Denmark is one of the forerunners in that digitalization. Since 2006, all legal plans are registered in an open geodatabase including over 34,000 currently effective local development plans. Despite the obvious potential of such data to inform about planning practice and associated outcomes, research using these new data is rare, mainly focusing on technical or judicial aspects. Questions related to planning practice, efficiency, evaluation and design have hardly been looked into. In this paper, we provide a short overview of digital plan data in the Danish database as well as similar data in Nordic countries. We then discuss research perspectives regarding plan evaluation and planning practice and we argue that digital plans represent a new transdisciplinary type of intentionally explicit data source for analysis of land change processes.
{"title":"Emerging digital plan data – new research perspectives on planning practice and evaluation","authors":"Christian Fertner, Andreas Aagaard Christensen, P. S. Andersen, A. S. Olafsson, Søren Præstholm, O. H. Caspersen, Julien Grunfelder","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2018.1528555","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2018.1528555","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Profound digitalization of public administration is gaining momentum and spatial planning is no exception. To increase the transparency of planning and its usefulness for public and private actors, planning authorities have integrated production and online distribution of digital plan data within existing planning practices and workflows. Many European countries have established public spatial planning databases. Denmark is one of the forerunners in that digitalization. Since 2006, all legal plans are registered in an open geodatabase including over 34,000 currently effective local development plans. Despite the obvious potential of such data to inform about planning practice and associated outcomes, research using these new data is rare, mainly focusing on technical or judicial aspects. Questions related to planning practice, efficiency, evaluation and design have hardly been looked into. In this paper, we provide a short overview of digital plan data in the Danish database as well as similar data in Nordic countries. We then discuss research perspectives regarding plan evaluation and planning practice and we argue that digital plans represent a new transdisciplinary type of intentionally explicit data source for analysis of land change processes.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":"1 1","pages":"16 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2018-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77142116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-10-12DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2018.1525303
S. Svenningsen, M. L. Perner
ABSTRACT Urbanization has long been recognized as a major driver for landscape change in the vicinity of major cities and urban systems. Studies of the historical process of urbanization often rely on spatial data or statistics and rarely include detailed historical socio-economic data. This research note aims to emphasize the potential of using digitized cultural heritage data in landscape research. The focus is on how a digital transdisciplinary approach, combining an array of large historical data sets, can provide insights into the link between socio-economic factors and landscape changes at the property level. Using the case of a single farm on the outskirts of Copenhagen, we demonstrate how linked historical data can help reconstruct the urbanization process on a local scale and trace the driving forces of landscape change. The results also suggest that there is enormous potential for landscape research to utilize such historical data.
{"title":"The potential of a digital, transdisciplinary approach to landscape change and urbanization around Copenhagen in the 20th century","authors":"S. Svenningsen, M. L. Perner","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2018.1525303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2018.1525303","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Urbanization has long been recognized as a major driver for landscape change in the vicinity of major cities and urban systems. Studies of the historical process of urbanization often rely on spatial data or statistics and rarely include detailed historical socio-economic data. This research note aims to emphasize the potential of using digitized cultural heritage data in landscape research. The focus is on how a digital transdisciplinary approach, combining an array of large historical data sets, can provide insights into the link between socio-economic factors and landscape changes at the property level. Using the case of a single farm on the outskirts of Copenhagen, we demonstrate how linked historical data can help reconstruct the urbanization process on a local scale and trace the driving forces of landscape change. The results also suggest that there is enormous potential for landscape research to utilize such historical data.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":"1 1","pages":"30 - 37"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2018-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83029188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2018.1495090
K. Sharma, A. Saikia
ABSTRACT Forest canopy density (FCD) is a major factor in the evaluation of forest status and is an important indicator of possible management interventions. The study uses the FCD model with Landsat TM and Landsat 8 OLI images to assess canopy density in India’s Manipur valley and surrounding hills. Normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) was used to extract built-up areas and population density was retrieved from LandScan data, while elevation and slope were obtained from ASTER DEMs (30 m). Four types of canopy density were delineated with crown cover above 71%, 41–70%, 11–40%, below 10% and areas with no canopy cover, that is 0%. A sharp decline in forest area occurred during 1989–2016 at a rate of loss of 2.9 % year-1 with an average rate of deforestation of 3051 ha year-1. Dense forests exhibited remarkable degradation, especially towards the central valley. The variation in the topographical (elevation and slope) gradient resulted in significant differences in the canopy density over the study area barring some hill slopes. Population pressure and various developmental activities in recent decades led to forest degradation in this fragile yet rich Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot.
{"title":"How green was my valley: forest canopy density in relation to topography and anthropogenic effects in Manipur valley, India","authors":"K. Sharma, A. Saikia","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2018.1495090","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2018.1495090","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Forest canopy density (FCD) is a major factor in the evaluation of forest status and is an important indicator of possible management interventions. The study uses the FCD model with Landsat TM and Landsat 8 OLI images to assess canopy density in India’s Manipur valley and surrounding hills. Normalized difference built-up index (NDBI) was used to extract built-up areas and population density was retrieved from LandScan data, while elevation and slope were obtained from ASTER DEMs (30 m). Four types of canopy density were delineated with crown cover above 71%, 41–70%, 11–40%, below 10% and areas with no canopy cover, that is 0%. A sharp decline in forest area occurred during 1989–2016 at a rate of loss of 2.9 % year-1 with an average rate of deforestation of 3051 ha year-1. Dense forests exhibited remarkable degradation, especially towards the central valley. The variation in the topographical (elevation and slope) gradient resulted in significant differences in the canopy density over the study area barring some hill slopes. Population pressure and various developmental activities in recent decades led to forest degradation in this fragile yet rich Eastern Himalaya biodiversity hotspot.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":"43 1","pages":"137 - 150"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"73890778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2018.1503551
A. Gajić, Nikola Krunić, Branko M. Protić
ABSTRACT Abstract: Identification of urban and rural areas has been a widely present topic in the past decades, both in scientific research and in the policy and practice of spatial/regional development and territorial governance. The internationally accepted OECD definition does not produce appropriate results that are able to include the multidimensionality of these territories. In this context, the aim of this paper is the analysis and selection of relevant criteria and indicators of urbanity/rurality that may be significant for the establishment of a methodological framework for identifying urban and rural areas in Serbia. Multivariate analysis (PCA, FA and CA) was used to group local self-government units (LSGU) in Serbia that share similar characteristics. The research resulted in five types of areas which indicate that rural and urban areas in Serbia are very diverse in terms of physiogeographical, socio-economic and functional characteristics. The results of this paper offer a more detailed analysis based on scientifically and empirically selected indicators and can be applied in the practice of spatial and urban planning, and in the adaptation of strategic development documents at the regional or national level.
{"title":"Towards a new methodological framework for the delimitation of rural and urban areas: a case study of Serbia","authors":"A. Gajić, Nikola Krunić, Branko M. Protić","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2018.1503551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2018.1503551","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Abstract: Identification of urban and rural areas has been a widely present topic in the past decades, both in scientific research and in the policy and practice of spatial/regional development and territorial governance. The internationally accepted OECD definition does not produce appropriate results that are able to include the multidimensionality of these territories. In this context, the aim of this paper is the analysis and selection of relevant criteria and indicators of urbanity/rurality that may be significant for the establishment of a methodological framework for identifying urban and rural areas in Serbia. Multivariate analysis (PCA, FA and CA) was used to group local self-government units (LSGU) in Serbia that share similar characteristics. The research resulted in five types of areas which indicate that rural and urban areas in Serbia are very diverse in terms of physiogeographical, socio-economic and functional characteristics. The results of this paper offer a more detailed analysis based on scientifically and empirically selected indicators and can be applied in the practice of spatial and urban planning, and in the adaptation of strategic development documents at the regional or national level.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":"1 1","pages":"160 - 172"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90518378","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2018.1500490
A. Namangaya, R. Kiunsi
ABSTRACT The connection between city development patterns, housing and service provision is critical as it affects allocation of scarce resources in the cities of Sub Sahara Africa, where the adopted planning models and concepts seem to have minimal success. Through spatial analysis and quantitative research this study explores sequencing of servicing and housing development as it impacts city spatial growth patterns in a context of resource deficiency in Dar es Salaam City. The study finds that despite households’ land ownership being crucial in city spatial expansion process towards residential house ownership, their actual construction and occupation will depend on the accessibility of services. Moreover, it was established that as more services become available, proportionally, number of people settling in new areas increases. Since this process happens equally in planned and unplanned settlements, this study indicates that it is the availability of services and not land allocation that triggers actual development of residential housing. Thus, service provision determines the pace of change in short and medium city spatial patterns. This implies that in the context of public resource deficiency and self-help housing, strategic investments in basic services such as electricity connection, public transport and portable water is the way to influence actual city development pattern rather than providing plots.
{"title":"Assessing the influences of service provision on pace and short and medium term development patterns of residential housing in Dar es Salaam","authors":"A. Namangaya, R. Kiunsi","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2018.1500490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2018.1500490","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The connection between city development patterns, housing and service provision is critical as it affects allocation of scarce resources in the cities of Sub Sahara Africa, where the adopted planning models and concepts seem to have minimal success. Through spatial analysis and quantitative research this study explores sequencing of servicing and housing development as it impacts city spatial growth patterns in a context of resource deficiency in Dar es Salaam City. The study finds that despite households’ land ownership being crucial in city spatial expansion process towards residential house ownership, their actual construction and occupation will depend on the accessibility of services. Moreover, it was established that as more services become available, proportionally, number of people settling in new areas increases. Since this process happens equally in planned and unplanned settlements, this study indicates that it is the availability of services and not land allocation that triggers actual development of residential housing. Thus, service provision determines the pace of change in short and medium city spatial patterns. This implies that in the context of public resource deficiency and self-help housing, strategic investments in basic services such as electricity connection, public transport and portable water is the way to influence actual city development pattern rather than providing plots.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":"29 1","pages":"151 - 159"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91358003","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2018.1503552
Alena Gessert, J. Nestorová-Dická, Ivo Sninčák
ABSTRACT Show caves are one of the most important targets in developing local ecotourism strategies. This work focuses on a tourism visit rate incidence through an Attractiveness Index concerning 12 selected show caves in Slovakia. Our study focuses on visitor counts published from 2000 to 2014. A set of eight criteria were selected in order to analyse and determine the appeal that each cave may have for visitors. Establishing the “degree” of appeal as an indicator of the tourism and geographic absolute attractiveness value is based on a principal components factor analysis; the resultant single factor was correlated with our selected criteria. We find a strong correlation between touristic cave attractiveness and cave locations, ease of cave passage access (vehicle and trail) infrastructures, cave location in main tourism regions, and the growth of urban areas as they encroach on show cave locations. Similar studies in valorization of show caves tourism have not been attempted in Slovakia or Eastern Europe. The data and result from this study are also clearly important from a managerial perspective. This general framework could be easily expanded to include additional attributes that might be relevant for other market segments or other vacation experiences.
{"title":"The dynamics of tourist excursion ratios in Slovakia show caves from 2000 to 2014","authors":"Alena Gessert, J. Nestorová-Dická, Ivo Sninčák","doi":"10.1080/00167223.2018.1503552","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00167223.2018.1503552","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT Show caves are one of the most important targets in developing local ecotourism strategies. This work focuses on a tourism visit rate incidence through an Attractiveness Index concerning 12 selected show caves in Slovakia. Our study focuses on visitor counts published from 2000 to 2014. A set of eight criteria were selected in order to analyse and determine the appeal that each cave may have for visitors. Establishing the “degree” of appeal as an indicator of the tourism and geographic absolute attractiveness value is based on a principal components factor analysis; the resultant single factor was correlated with our selected criteria. We find a strong correlation between touristic cave attractiveness and cave locations, ease of cave passage access (vehicle and trail) infrastructures, cave location in main tourism regions, and the growth of urban areas as they encroach on show cave locations. Similar studies in valorization of show caves tourism have not been attempted in Slovakia or Eastern Europe. The data and result from this study are also clearly important from a managerial perspective. This general framework could be easily expanded to include additional attributes that might be relevant for other market segments or other vacation experiences.","PeriodicalId":45790,"journal":{"name":"Geografisk Tidsskrift-Danish Journal of Geography","volume":"131 1","pages":"173 - 183"},"PeriodicalIF":2.3,"publicationDate":"2018-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76418295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"社会学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2018-07-03DOI: 10.1080/00167223.2018.1498364
M. C. Morillo Balsera, S. Martínez-Cuevas, Iñigo Molina Sánchez, Cesar Garcia-Aranda, M. E. Martinez Izquierdo
ABSTRACT Property valuation studies often use classical statistics techniques. Among these techniques, the Artificial Neural Networks are the most applied, overcoming the inflexibility and the linearity of the hedonic models. Other researchers have used Geostatistics techniques, specifically the Kriging Method, for interpreting spatial-temporal variability and to predict housing unit prices. The innovation of this study is to highlight how the Kriging Method can help to better understand the urban environment, improving the results obtained by classical statistics. This study presents two different methods that share the general objective of extracting information regarding a city’s housing from datasets. The procedures applied are Ordinary Kriging (Geostatistics) and Multi-Layer Perceptron algorithm (Artificial Neural Networks). These methods were used to predict housing unit prices in the municipality of Pozuelo de Alarcon (Madrid). The implementation of both methods provides us with the urban characteristics of the study area and the most significant variables related to price. The main conclusion is that the Ordinary Kriging models and the Neural Networks models, applied to predicting housing unit prices are necessary methodologies to improve the information obtained in classical statistical techniques. Abbreviations: ANN: Artificial Neural Networks; OK: ordinary Kriging; MLP: multi-layer perceptron
房地产估价研究经常使用经典的统计技术。在这些技术中，人工神经网络是应用最多的，它克服了享乐模型的不灵活性和线性性。其他研究人员使用地质统计学技术，特别是克里格方法，来解释时空变化并预测住房单价。本研究的创新之处在于突出了克里格方法如何帮助更好地理解城市环境，改进了经典统计的结果。本研究提出了两种不同的方法，它们的共同目标是从数据集中提取有关城市住房的信息。应用的程序是普通克里格(地质统计学)和多层感知器算法(人工神经网络)。这些方法用于预测Pozuelo de Alarcon市(马德里)的住房单价。这两种方法的实施为我们提供了研究区域的城市特征和与价格相关的最显著变量。本文的主要结论是，将普通克里格模型和神经网络模型应用于住房价格预测是改进经典统计技术所获得信息的必要方法。缩写:ANN:人工神经网络;OK:普通克里格;多层感知器
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