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Association of Smoking Cessation and Intentions to Quit: Role of Occupational Status, Health Professional’s Support, and Perceived Risk 戒烟与戒烟意向的关系:职业状况、卫生专业人员的支持和感知风险的作用
Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2022-05-13 DOI: 10.2427/10987
A. Mannocci, L. Semyonov, R. Saulle, N. Skroza, C. Potenza, E. Tolino, A. Boccia, G. La Torre
Objectives: Cigarette smoking continues to be the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality in the United States. Tobacco related mortality has promoted a massive effort to understand and enhance smoking cessation efforts. In this study, we examine the role of different factors on intentions to quit smoking. Methods: Data is taken from Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS) 2012. A total of 1745 national representative samples of U.S adults, meeting our research conditions, were included in this study. Results: Multivariate statistical analysis methods were used which showed that employed participants were 6 times more likely to have intentions to quit than participants with other occupational statuses were.  Participants who received support sometimes from health professionals were 9 times more likely to have intention to quit smoking as compared to those who never received support from health professionals.  In addition, race (Hispanic), and age group (35-39 years) are significantly associated with intentions to quit smoking. Perceived personal risk of cancer, perceived compared risk of cancer, and family history of cancer were not significantly associated with intentions to quit smoking. Conclusion: Our study suggests that age, race, occupational status, and help from health professionals are viable intervention targets for smoking cessation interventions. As a key role can be played by health professionals in smoking cessation interventions, future work should evaluate the extent to which health professionals can play a role in smoking cessation intervention.  Smokers should be encouraged to maintain smoke free environments in their homes and offices, by health care providers leading to the protection of non-smokers, lesser convenience for smoking, decreased cigarette consumption, and smoking cues over time.
目的:在美国,吸烟仍然是可预防的发病和死亡的主要原因。与烟草有关的死亡率促使人们大力了解和加强戒烟工作。在本研究中,我们考察了不同因素在戒烟意向中的作用。方法:数据来源于2012年卫生信息全国趋势调查(HINTS)。本研究共纳入了1745个符合我们研究条件的具有全国代表性的美国成年人样本。结果:采用多元统计分析方法,发现在职被试的戒烟意向是其他职业被试的6倍。有时得到卫生专业人员支持的参与者有戒烟意向的可能性是从未得到卫生专业人员支持的参与者的9倍。此外,种族(西班牙裔)和年龄组(35-39岁)与戒烟意图显著相关。感知到的个人癌症风险、感知到的癌症比较风险和癌症家族史与戒烟意图没有显著关联。结论:我们的研究表明,年龄、种族、职业状况和卫生专业人员的帮助是戒烟干预的可行干预目标。由于卫生专业人员在戒烟干预中可以发挥关键作用,未来的工作应评估卫生专业人员在戒烟干预中可以发挥多大作用。卫生保健提供者应鼓励吸烟者在家中和办公室保持无烟环境,从而保护非吸烟者,减少吸烟的便利,减少香烟消费,并随着时间的推移提供吸烟线索。
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引用次数: 2
Personalized PREvention of Chronic DIseases (PRECeDI): a Marie Curie RISE project 慢性疾病的个性化预防(PRECeDI):玛丽-居里 RISE 项目
Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2022-05-10 DOI: 10.2427/18993
S. Boccia, R. Pastorino
  
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引用次数: 0
Erratum EBPH 2015;12(1):e10106-1-12. 勘误ebph2015;12(1):e10106-1-12。
Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2022-05-06 DOI: 10.2427/11451
Edward B. Ilgren
COMPETING INTEREST
相互竞争的利益
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引用次数: 0
Letter 信件
Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2022-05-06 DOI: 10.2427/11367
C. Magnani, Dario Mirabelli, Francesco Barone-Adesi, Roberto Calisti, R. Compagnoni, B. Fubini, S. Silvestri, Benedetto Terracini
   
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引用次数: 0
Should methods of correction for multiple comparisons be applied in pharmacovigilance? 多重比较的校正方法是否应用于药物警戒?
Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2022-04-26 DOI: 10.2427/11654
L. Scotti, S. Romio, A. Ghirardi, A. Arfè, M. Casula, L. Hazell, F. Lapi, A. Catapano, M. Sturkenboom, G. Corrao
Purpose. In pharmacovigilance, spontaneous reporting databases are devoted to the early detection of adverse event ‘signals’ of marketed drugs. A common limitation of these systems is the wide number of concurrently investigated associations, implying a high probability of generating positive signals simply by chance. However it is not clear if the application of methods aimed to adjust for the multiple testing problems are needed when at least some of the drug-outcome relationship under study are known. To this aim we applied a robust estimation method for the FDR (rFDR) particularly suitable in the pharmacovigilance context. Methods. We exploited the data available for the SAFEGUARD project to apply the rFDR estimation methods to detect potential false positive signals of adverse reactions attributable to the use of non-insulin blood glucose lowering drugs. Specifically, the number of signals generated from the conventional disproportionality measures and after the application of the rFDR adjustment method was compared. Results. Among the 311 evaluable pairs (i.e., drug-event pairs with at least one adverse event report), 106 (34%) signals were considered as significant from the conventional analysis. Among them 1 resulted in false positive signals according to rFDR method. Conclusions. The results of this study seem to suggest that when a restricted number of drug-outcome pairs is considered and warnings about some of them are known, multiple comparisons methods for recognizing false positive signals are not so useful as suggested by theoretical considerations.
目的。在药物警戒方面,自发报告数据库致力于及早发现已上市药物的不良事件“信号”。这些系统的一个共同限制是同时调查的关联数量很多,这意味着仅仅偶然产生积极信号的概率很高。然而,目前尚不清楚的是,如果至少有一些药物-结果关系是已知的,是否需要应用旨在调整多重测试问题的方法。为此,我们应用了一种特别适用于药物警戒环境的FDR (rFDR)稳健估计方法。方法。我们利用SAFEGUARD项目的现有数据,应用rFDR估计方法检测非胰岛素降糖药物不良反应的潜在假阳性信号。具体来说,比较了传统歧化测量和应用rFDR调整方法后产生的信号数量。结果。在311个可评估的对(即至少有一个不良事件报告的药物事件对)中,106个(34%)信号从常规分析中被认为是显著的。其中1例根据rFDR方法产生假阳性信号。结论。这项研究的结果似乎表明,当考虑到有限数量的药物结局对,并且其中一些警告是已知的,用于识别假阳性信号的多重比较方法并不像理论考虑所建议的那样有用。
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引用次数: 1
Medical Students Knowledge and Attitude Towards Direct-To-Consumer Genetic Tests 医学生对直接面向消费者的基因检测的知识和态度
Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2022-04-05 DOI: 10.2427/1188
L. Giraldi, M. Colotto, R. Pastorino, D. Arzani, E. Vayena, C. Ineichen, S. Boccia
Aims: This study reports on the attitudes of 179 Italian Medical Students to direct-to-consumer genetic test and to participation in research practices. Methods: Data were collected using a self-completion online questionnaire sent to 380 medical students at the faculty of Medicine of the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Rome, Italy. Questions pertained issues related to awareness and attitudes towards genetic testing, reactions to hypothetical results, and views about contributing to scientific research. Results: The response rate was 47.1%. Less than 50% of students were aware of DTC genetic test. Seventy-four percent of the sample were interested in undergoing DTC genetic test, and the main reason was being aware on genetic predisposition to diseases. Among those who were not willing to undergo a genetic test, the main reason was the lack of confidence in the results. In the hypothetical situations of an increased disease risk after undergoing DTC genetic testing, respondents would take actions to reduce that risk, while in the opposite scenario they would feel unaffected because of the probabilistic nature of the test. Conclusions: We reported a good level of awareness about DTC genetic test and a high interest in undergoing DTC genetic test in our sample. Nevertheless, opinions and reactions are strongly dependent by the hypothetical good or bad result that the test could provide and by the context whereby a genetic test could be performed. Respondents seem to be exposed to the risk of psychological harms, and a strong regulation regarding their use is required.
目的:本研究报告179名意大利医科学生对直接面向消费者的基因检测和参与研究实践的态度。方法:采用自填在线问卷对意大利罗马天主教圣心大学医学院的380名医学生进行数据收集。问题涉及对基因检测的认识和态度、对假设结果的反应以及对科学研究的贡献的看法。结果:总有效率为47.1%。不到50%的学生知道DTC基因检测。74%的人对进行DTC基因检测感兴趣,主要原因是了解疾病的遗传易感性。在那些不愿意接受基因检测的人中,主要原因是对结果缺乏信心。在进行DTC基因检测后疾病风险增加的假设情况下,受访者将采取行动降低风险,而在相反的情况下,由于测试的概率性质,他们不会感到不受影响。结论:我们报告了对DTC基因检测的良好认识,并对在我们的样本中进行DTC基因检测有很高的兴趣。然而,意见和反应在很大程度上取决于测试可能提供的假设的好或坏的结果,以及基因测试可以进行的背景。受访者似乎面临心理伤害的风险,需要对其使用进行强有力的监管。
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引用次数: 5
Carcinogenic Tattoos? 致癌的纹身吗?
Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2022-04-01 DOI: 10.2427/12018
G. Sabbioni, U. Hauri
Millions of people have tattoos. The systemic effects of tattoo colorants (TCs) are mostly unknown. Several tattoos are on the market, which contain carcinogenic compounds such as poly aromatic hydrocarbons compounds or carcinogenic aromatic amines. Using the concept of the EPA for the risk assessment for compounds present in the environment, we estimated an additional lifetime cancer risk of 4.5 per 10000 people with a tattoo of pigment yellow 14. Such a lifetime cancer risk is comparable to the cancer risk estimated for meat consumption.
数以百万计的人有纹身。纹身着色剂(TCs)的系统影响大多是未知的。市面上有几种纹身,含有致癌化合物,如聚芳烃化合物或致癌芳胺。根据美国环境保护署对环境中存在的化合物进行风险评估的概念,我们估计,每10000人中有色素黄色纹身的人一生中患癌症的风险为4.5人。这样的终生癌症风险与肉类消费估计的癌症风险相当。
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引用次数: 6
Acute myocardial infarction and stroke registries. The Italian experience 急性心肌梗死和中风登记。意大利的经历
Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2022-03-17 DOI: 10.2427/12817
L. Palmieri, G. Veronesi, M. Ferrario, G. Corrao, C. Donfrancesco, F. Carle, S. Giampaoli
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading causes of death and hospitalisation in nearly all European countries and accounted for almost 40% of all deaths in 2013. With the exception of few rigorous but limited studies carried out in some geographical areas, data available on CVD incidence and prevalence is generally limited and of poor quality, despite the magnitude of the CVD phenomenon. The EUROCISS Project, supported by the Health Monitoring Programme of the DG SANCO from 2000 to 2007, provided general guidance and updated methods for the surveillance of Acute Myocardial Infarction and Stroke. The Italian population-based registry of major coronary and cerebrovascular events was set up following EUROCISS recommendations; it also took into account the experience acquired by Italy in the MONICA project since the mid-1980s and continued with the coordination of the EUROCISS The project: “A population-based AMI register: assessing the feasibility for a pilot study to implement a surveillance system of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in Mediterranean countries according to EUROCISS recommendations” in the framework of the EuroMed Programme, followed major practical and operative issues for the implementation of a population-based registry for coronary and cerebrovascular events, which are here described. This paper includes the definition of target population, data sources, events, indicators, quality methods, and the description of a software used to implement the registry.
心血管疾病(CVD)是几乎所有欧洲国家死亡和住院的主要原因,2013年占所有死亡人数的近40%。除了在一些地理区域进行的少数严格但有限的研究外,尽管心血管疾病现象很严重,但关于心血管疾病发病率和流行率的可用数据通常有限且质量较差。在2000年至2007年期间,由人道主义和人道主义事务总司健康监测方案支助的欧洲国际社会安全监测系统项目为监测急性心肌梗死和中风提供了一般指导和最新方法。意大利基于人群的主要冠状动脉和脑血管事件登记是根据EUROCISS的建议建立的;它还考虑到意大利自1980年代中期以来在MONICA项目中取得的经验,并继续协调欧洲国际社会问题中心的项目:“以人口为基础的AMI登记册:根据EUROCISS在EuroMed计划框架内的建议,评估在地中海国家实施急性心肌梗死(AMI)监测系统的试点研究的可行性,遵循实施基于人群的冠状动脉和脑血管事件登记的主要实际和操作问题,如下所述。本文包括目标人群、数据源、事件、指标、质量方法的定义,以及用于实现注册表的软件的描述。
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引用次数: 0
Quality Assessment of Healthcare Databases 医疗保健数据库的质量评估
Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2022-03-17 DOI: 10.2427/12901
F. Carle, Lidia Di Minco, E. Skrami, R. Gesuita, L. Palmieri, S. Giampaoli, G. Corrao
The assessment of data quality and suitability plays an important role in improving the validity and generalisability of the results of studies based on secondary use of health databases. The availability of more and more updated and valid information on data quality and suitability provides data users and researchers an useful tool to optimize their activities. In this paper, we have summarized and synthesized the main aspects of Data Quality Assessment (DQA) applied in the field of secondary use of healthcare databases, with the aim of drawing attention to the critical aspects having to be considered and developed for improving the correct and effective use of secondary sources. Four developing features are identified: standardizing DQA methods, reporting DQA methods and results, synergy between data managers and data users, role of Institutions. Interdisciplinarity, multi-professionality and connection between government institutions, regulatory bodies, universities and the scientific community will provide the "toolbox" for i) developing standardized and shared DQA methods for health databases, ii) defining the best strategies for disseminating DQA information and results.
数据质量和适用性评估在提高基于二次使用卫生数据库的研究结果的有效性和普遍性方面发挥着重要作用。越来越多关于数据质量和适用性的最新和有效信息的可用性为数据用户和研究人员提供了优化其活动的有用工具。在本文中,我们总结和综合了应用于医疗数据库二次使用领域的数据质量评估(DQA)的主要方面,目的是引起人们对必须考虑和发展的关键方面的关注,以提高对二次来源的正确和有效使用。确定了四个正在发展的特征:标准化数据质量保证方法、报告数据质量保证方法和结果、数据管理者和数据用户之间的协同作用、机构的角色。政府机构、监管机构、大学和科学界之间的跨学科、多专业和联系将为以下方面提供"工具箱":1)为卫生数据库制定标准化和共享的DQA方法;2)确定传播DQA信息和结果的最佳战略。
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引用次数: 3
Real-world assessment of healthcare provided by the National Health Service: The network of regional Beaver research platforms 国家卫生服务提供的医疗保健的真实世界评估:区域海狸研究平台的网络
Q3 Nursing Pub Date : 2022-03-17 DOI: 10.2427/12862
F. Rea, Pietro Pugni, D. Pescini, L. Palmieri, S. Giampaoli, F. Carle, G. Corrao
Real-world evidence can provide answers on healthcare utilization and appropriateness, post-marketing drugs safety and comparative effectiveness, and cost-effectiveness profiles of healthcare pathways. Healthcare utilization databases, possibly integrated with drug and disease registries, electronic medical records, survey and cohort data (i.e. real-world data), allow to trace healthcare ‘footprints’ left from beneficiaries of National Health Service. Beaver is a research platform available on demand to Italian regions which we developed for computing indicators of healthcare utilization and clinical outcomes, as well as for generating evidence on effectiveness and cost-effectiveness profile. Two distinct solutions may be adopted. One, the so-called Beaver Light front-end allows to automatically compute health indicators of adherence to official guidelines. Two, the so-called Beaver Full front-end involves an eight-step procedure entirely driven by the study protocol. In order to fulfil the directives recently issued by the European Parliament and Council and the Italian Authority for the protection of individual data, the platform resides in each region’s infrastructure, so limiting the free movement of electronic health data. Indeed, regional authorities should be responsible for data safety and for allowing data accessibility. The use of standardized and validated algorithms enables to obtain regional estimates that, being obtained by employing regional platforms containing data extracted with standardized procedure, may be compared and possibly summarized by using common meta-analytic techniques. In conclusion, the Beaver regional platform is a promising tool which may contribute to stimulate healthcare research in Italy.
真实世界的证据可以提供关于医疗保健利用和适当性、上市后药物安全性和比较有效性以及医疗保健途径的成本效益概况的答案。医疗保健利用数据库可能与药物和疾病登记、电子医疗记录、调查和队列数据(即真实世界的数据)相结合,可以追踪国民保健服务受益者留下的医疗保健“足迹”。Beaver是一个可按需提供给意大利地区的研究平台,我们开发了该平台,用于计算医疗保健利用和临床结果指标,以及生成有效性和成本效益概况的证据。可以采用两种不同的解决方案。首先,所谓的Beaver Light前端允许自动计算遵守官方指导方针的健康指标。第二,所谓的Beaver Full前端包括一个完全由研究方案驱动的八步程序。为了执行欧洲议会和理事会以及意大利当局最近发布的关于保护个人数据的指令,该平台位于每个区域的基础设施中,从而限制了电子卫生数据的自由流动。事实上,地区当局应负责数据安全和允许数据可访问性。使用标准化和经过验证的算法可以获得区域估计,这些估计是通过使用包含以标准化程序提取的数据的区域平台获得的,可以通过使用常见的元分析技术进行比较和可能的总结。总之,Beaver区域平台是一个有前途的工具,可能有助于刺激意大利的医疗保健研究。
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引用次数: 0
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Epidemiology Biostatistics and Public Health
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